Lukisan gua

Lukisan gua ialah seni berupa lukisan yang dijumpai di dinding dan lelangit gua terutamanya yang dikaji terhasil dari petempatan manusia zaman prasejarah atau paleolitik. Lukisan-lukisan sebegini sering dihasilkan dengan bentuk kesan tangan yang disembur atau disemperutkan pigmen mahupun bentuk geometrik yang ringkas.^[1] Sesetengah teori memegang bahawa lukisan gua mungkin merupakan cara komunikasi dengan yang lain, sementara teori dianggap bertujuan agama atau upacara.

Lukisan-lukisan jenis ini yang tertua dtemukan di beberapa tempat seluruh dunia: satu bertarikh dari lebih 44,000 tahun lalu di kawasan merangkumi timur benua Eropah dari Aquitaine-Provence di selatan Perancis ke Asturias utara Sepanyol; seberapa lagi didapati dalam gua sebuah perbukitan terpencil tidak jauh dari Maros selatan pulau Sulawesi di Asia Tenggara berusia sekurang-kurangnya lebih 45,500 tahun dahulu.^[2]^[3]^[4]

Galeri sunting

Pemburu atau pahlawan lelaki, di Taman Negara Kakadu, Australia
[[Walabi], Taman Negara Kakadu
Kura-kura teliti
Pemburu dan gajah, dari Cederberg, Afrika Selatan
Pelindung batuan Bhimbetka di Madhya Pradesh, India, .

Lihat juga sunting

Rujukan sunting

^ M. Aubert et al., "Pleistocene cave art from Sulawesi, Indonesia", Nature volume 514, pages 223–227 (09 October 2014). "using uranium-series dating of coralloid speleothems directly associated with 12 human hand stencils and two figurative animal depictions from seven cave sites in the Maros karsts of Sulawesi, we show that rock art traditions on this Indonesian island are at least compatible in age with the oldest European art. The earliest dated image from Maros, with a minimum age of 39.9 kyr, is now the oldest known hand stencil in the world. In addition, a painting of a babirusa (‘pig-deer’) made at least 35.4 kyr ago is among the earliest dated figurative depictions worldwide, if not the earliest one. Among the implications, it can now be demonstrated that humans were producing rock art by ∼40 kyr ago at opposite ends of the Pleistocene Eurasian world."
^ Brumm, Adam; Oktaviana, Adhi Agus; Burhan, Basran; Hakim, Budianto; Lebe, Rustan; Zhao, Jian-xin; Sulistyarto, Priyatno Hadi; Ririmasse, Marlon; Adhityatama, Shinatria; Sumantri, Iwan; Aubert, Maxime (2021-01-01). "Oldest cave art found in Sulawesi". Science Advances (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 7 (3): eabd4648. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abd4648. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 7806210. PMID 33523879.
^ "Lukisan hewan tertua di dunia ditemukan di Sulawesi, diyakini berusia 45.500 tahun". BBC Indonesia. 14 Januari 2021. Dicapai pada 25 Oktober 2021.
^ Ferreira, Becky (January 13, 2021). "Pig Painting May Be World's Oldest Cave Art Yet, Archaeologists Say - The depiction of the animal on an Indonesian island is at least 45,500 years old, the researchers say". The New York Times. Dicapai pada January 14, 2021.

Bacaan lanjut sunting

Fage L.-H., Chazine J.-M., 2010 - Borneo, Memory of the Caves - 25*32 cm, hard cover, 161 p. 360 full color illustrations, Le Kalimanthrope publisher, France. ISBN 978-2-9536616-1-3
Thomas Heyd and John Clegg, eds. Aesthetics and Rock Art. Ashgate Publishing, Aldershot, England and Burlington, VT, USA. 2005. ISBN 0-7546-3924-X
Gregory Curtis, The Cave Painters: Probing the Mysteries of the World's First Artists, Knopf, New York, NY, USA, 2006. 1-4000-4348-4
Joseph Nechvatal, Immersive Excess in the Apse of Lascaux, Technonoetic Arts 3, no3. 2005

Pautan luar sunting

Bradshaw Foundation The recording of cave paintings around the world
EuroPreArt database of European Prehistoric Art
Malaysian Caves
Cave paintings in Castell de Castells Spain Diarkibkan 2012-05-14 di Wayback Machine
American Rock Art Research Association
Teknoloji
Tour of Afghan cave paintings
Le Kalimanthrope Rock art of Borneo (Kalimantan, Indonesia)
[1] Outline of prehistoric Art with emphasis on cave paintings from around the world

Templat:Gua Templat:Teknologi prasejarah

[Aubert2014-1] M. Aubert et al., "Pleistocene cave art from Sulawesi, Indonesia", Nature volume 514, pages 223–227 (09 October 2014). "using uranium-series dating of coralloid speleothems directly associated with 12 human hand stencils and two figurative animal depictions from seven cave sites in the Maros karsts of Sulawesi, we show that rock art traditions on this Indonesian island are at least compatible in age with the oldest European art. The earliest dated image from Maros, with a minimum age of 39.9 kyr, is now the oldest known hand stencil in the world. In addition, a painting of a babirusa (‘pig-deer’) made at least 35.4 kyr ago is among the earliest dated figurative depictions worldwide, if not the earliest one. Among the implications, it can now be demonstrated that humans were producing rock art by ∼40 kyr ago at opposite ends of the Pleistocene Eurasian world."

[2] Brumm, Adam; Oktaviana, Adhi Agus; Burhan, Basran; Hakim, Budianto; Lebe, Rustan; Zhao, Jian-xin; Sulistyarto, Priyatno Hadi; Ririmasse, Marlon; Adhityatama, Shinatria; Sumantri, Iwan; Aubert, Maxime (2021-01-01). "Oldest cave art found in Sulawesi". Science Advances (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 7 (3): eabd4648. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abd4648. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 7806210. PMID 33523879.

[3] "Lukisan hewan tertua di dunia ditemukan di Sulawesi, diyakini berusia 45.500 tahun". BBC Indonesia. 14 Januari 2021. Dicapai pada 25 Oktober 2021.

[NYT-20210113-4] Ferreira, Becky (January 13, 2021). "Pig Painting May Be World's Oldest Cave Art Yet, Archaeologists Say - The depiction of the animal on an Indonesian island is at least 45,500 years old, the researchers say". The New York Times. Dicapai pada January 14, 2021.

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