Wikipedia

Pengayaan alam sekitar

Pengayaan alam sekitar merujuk kepada amalan memberikan haiwan penjagaan yang terurus dengan dorongan alam sekitar. Tujuan adalah untuk meningkatkan mutu kehidupan seseekor haiwan dengan menambah aktiviti fizikal, mendorong kelakuan semula jadi, dan mengelakkan atau mengurangkan kelakuan stereotipikal. Dalam prinsip, pengayaan boleh bermanfaat kepada apa-apa haiwan yang bijak, termasuk mammalia, burung, dan juga sotong kurita.[1]

Seekor gajah Asia di sebuah zoo memanipulasikan sebuah bola tergantung.

Pengayaan alam sekitar boleh diberikan kepada haiwan dalam keadaan berikut:

Jenis pengayaan sunting

Any novel stimulus which evokes an animal's interest can be considered enriching, including natural and artificial objects, scents, novel foods, and different methods of preparing foods (for example, frozen in ice). Puzzles that require an animal to solve simple problems in order to access food or other rewards are considered enrichment. An animal's environment may also be enriched by the presence of other animals of the same or different species. A stimulus can be considered enriching even if the animal's reaction to it is negative, such as with unpleasant scents, although stimuli that evoke extreme stress or fear should be avoided, as well as stimuli that can be harmful to the animal.

Enclosures in modern zoos are often designed with enrichment in mind. For example, the Denver Zoo's exhibit Predator Ridge allows different African carnivore species to rotate among several enclosures, providing the animals with a larger environment and exposing them to each others' scents.

Kewajipan sunting

Amerika Syarikat sunting

The 1985 amendments to the United States Animal Welfare Act amendments directed the Secretary of Agriculture to establish regulations to provide an adequate physical environment to promote the psychological well-being of primates[3] and exercise for dogs.[4] Subsequent standards for nonhuman primate environmental enhancement (including provisions for social grouping and environmental enrichment) are included under Section 3.81 in the Animal Welfare Regulations (9 CFR).[5] Concepts relating to behavioral needs and environmental enrichment are also incorporated into the standards for marine, flying, and aquatic mammals.[6]

Catatan sunting

  1. ^ "Octopus enrichment program". Smithsonian National Zoological Park. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2006-06-14. Dicapai pada 2006-06-11.
  2. ^ Ron Hines, D.V.M. (2006-04-24). "Synopsis of the Environmental Enrichment Program of 2nd Chance Sanctuary". Dicapai pada 2006-06-11. Check date values in: |date= (bantuan)
  3. ^ Richard Crawford (2007). "A Quick Reference to the Requirement for Environmental Enhancement for Primates Under the Animal Welfare Act". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2007-11-20. Dicapai pada 2007-11-06.
  4. ^ Richard L. Crawford (2007). "A Quick Reference to the Requirement for the Exercise of Dogs Under the Animal Welfare Act". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2007-11-20. Dicapai pada 2007-11-06.
  5. ^ "U.S. Laws, Regulations and Guidelines for Environmental Enhancement of Nonhuman Primates". USDA, Animal Welfare Information Center. 2006. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2008-09-22. Dicapai pada 2007-11-06.
  6. ^ Kulpa-Eddy, Jodie A.; Taylor, Sylvia; Adams, Kristina M. (2005), "USDA Perspective on Environmental Enrichment for Animals" (PDF), ILAR Journal, Washington, DC: Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, 26 (2): 83–94, ISSN 0018-9960 Check date values in: |date= (bantuan)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Pautan luar sunting

Templat:Zoos

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