Perintang antibiotik
Perintang antibiotik adalah sejenis sub-populasi mikroorganisma perintang dadah, biasanya dari spesies bakteria, biasanya ia mampu hidup selepas terdedah dengan satu ataupun banyak jenis antibiotik; perintang patogen hingga ke antibiotik berganda yang dikenali sebagai perintang pelbagai dadah (Multi Drug Resistance) atau superbugs. Berbanding manusia, mikrob lebih cenderung membangunkan perintang kepada kesan antibiotik.[1]
Perintang antibiotik dianggap sebagai suatu bentuk fenomena serius dan kian menunjukkan peningkatan dalam bidang perubatan kontemporari. Ia muncul sebagai masalah kesihatan umum yang paling terkenal pada abad ke-21 khususnya berkaitan organisma patogen (dari sudut organisma yang boleh mendatangkan kemudharatan kepada kesihatan manusia sejagat amnya).
Kes di Malaysia sunting
Bermula awal tahun 2013 sehingga pertengahan bulan Ogos 2013, Sarawak, Malaysia telah mencatat sebanyak 38 kes berkaitan bakteria perintang antibiotik atau 'superbug' jenis Carbapenem resistant enterobacteriaceae (CRE). Menurut Pengarah Kesihatan negeri Sarawak, Datuk Dr. Zulkifli Jantan, daripada jumlah itu sebanyak 31 kes disahkan positif CRE iaitu sama ada dijangkiti secara langsung atau menjadi perumah kepada bakteria tersebut.
Kesemua kes tersebut dilaporkan di Hospital Sibu dan setakat pertengahan Ogos sebanyak 10 kematian telah direkodkan, namun hanya dua daripadanya disahkan berpunca daripada jangkitan terus CRE. [2]
Nota kaki sunting
- ^ "Antibiotic Resistance Questions & Answers". Get Smart: Know When Antibiotics Work. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA. 30. Dicapai pada 20 March 2013. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (bantuan); Check date values in:|date=dan|year=/|date=tidak padan (bantuan) - ^ Zaain Zain. 10 maut akibat bakteria Superbug, Utusan Online. Dicapai pada: 16 Ogos 2013. Laman web:http://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/Dalam_Negeri/20130816/dn_50/10-maut-akibat-bakteria-superbug
Rujukan sunting
- Buku
- Caldwell, Roy; Lindberg, David, penyunting (2011). "Understanding Evolution". University of California Museum of Paleontology. Dicapai pada Aug 14, 2011. Unknown parameter
|trans_title=ignored (bantuan)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) - Nelson, Richard William (2009). Darwin, Then and Now: The Most Amazing Story in the History of Science (Self Published)
|format=requires|url=(bantuan). iUniverse. m/s. 294.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Jurnal
- Arias, Cesar A.; Murray, BE (2009). "Antibiotic-Resistant Bugs in the 21st Century — A Clinical Super-Challenge". New England Journal of Medicine. 360 (5): 439–443. doi:10.1056/NEJMp0804651. PMID 19179312. Cite has empty unknown parameter:
|month=(bantuan)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) - D'Costa, Vanessa; King, Christine; Kalan, Lindsay; Morar, Mariya; Sung, Wilson; Schwartz, Carsten; Froese, Duane; Zazula, Grant; Calmels, Fabrice (2011). "Antibiotic resistance is ancient". Nature. 477 (7365): 457–461. Bibcode:2011Natur.477..457D. doi:10.1038/nature10388. PMID 21881561. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (bantuan)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) - Donadio, Stefano; Maffioli, Sonia; Monciardini, Paolo; Sosio, Margherita; Jabes, Daniela (2010). "Antibiotic discovery in the twenty-first century: Current trends and future perspectives". The Journal of Antibiotics. 63 (8): 423–430. doi:10.1038/ja.2010.62. PMID 20551985. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (bantuan)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) - Goossens, H; Ferech, M; Vander Stichele, R; Elseviers, M; Esac Project, Group (2005). "Outpatient antibiotic use in Europe and association with resistance: a cross-national database study". Lancet. Group Esac Project. 365 (9459): 579–87. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17907-0. PMID 15708101.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Hawkey, PM; Jones, AM (2009). "The changing epidemiology of resistance". The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy. 64: i3–10. doi:10.1093/jac/dkp256. PMID 19675017. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (bantuan)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) - Soulsby, EJ (2005). "Resistance to antimicrobials in humans and animals: Overusing antibiotics is not the only cause and reducing use is not the only solution". BMJ. 331 (7527): 1219–20. doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7527.1219. PMC 1289307. PMID 16308360.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- "Alternatives to Antibiotics Reduce Animal Disease". Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization. 2006. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2011-06-05. Dicapai pada 2013-08-16. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (bantuan)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Akhbar;
Pautan luar sunting
- Animation of Antibiotic Resistance
- CDC Article on Hospital Acquired MRSA
- CDC Article on Community Acquired MRSA
- CDC Guideline "Management of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms in Healthcare Settings, 2006"
- ReAct Action on Antibiotic Resistance
- Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics
- doi:10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00723.x
Petikan ini akan disiapkan secara automatik dalam beberapa minit. Anda boleh memotong barisan atau mengembangkannya sendiri - Information about phage therapy – a possible alternative to antibiotics in case of resistant infections
- Antibiotic-resistance genes as markers Diarkibkan 2013-12-13 di Wayback Machine Once necessary, now undesirable
- CBS Article on Phage Therapy and Antibiotic Resistance
- Hospitals: Breeding the Superbug Article on MRSA infections in hospitals, Allianz Knowledge, by Valdis Wish, May 2008.
- BURDEN of Resistance and Disease in European Nations - An EU-Project to estimate the financial burden of antibiotic resistance in European Hospitals Diarkibkan 2008-01-15 di Wayback Machine
- Extending the Cure: Policy Research to Extend Antibiotic Effectiveness Diarkibkan 2011-07-04 di Wayback Machine
- 2003 New Guidance for Industry on Antimicrobial Drugs for Food Animals Questions and Answers, U.S. FDA
- SciDev.net Antibiotic Resistance spotlight The Science and Development Network is an online science and development network focused on news and information important to the developing world
- Do Bugs Need Drugs?
- Combating Drug Resistance - Tackling drug resistance in bacteria and other pathogens.
- [1] Nanoparticles could treat antibiotic resistant infections.