Anilin
Anilin merupakan sebatian organik dengan rumusan C6H5NH2. Terdiri daripada kumpulan fenil yang dilampirkan kepada kumpulan amino, anilin ialah amina aromatik prototipikal. Penggunaan utamanya adalah dalam pembuatan pendahulu untuk poliuretana dan bahan kimia perindustrian lain. Seperti kebanyakan amina yang tidak menentu, ia mempunyai bau ikan busuk. Ia menyala dengan mudah, membakar dengan ciri-ciri asap api aromatik.
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| Nama | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nama pilihan IUPAC
Anilin[1] | |||
| Nama sistematik IUPAC
Benzenamine | |||
| Nama lain
Phenylamine
Aminobenzene Benzamine | |||
| Pengenalpasti | |||
Imej Jmol-3D model
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| ChEBI | |||
| ChEMBL | |||
| ChemSpider | |||
| DrugBank | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.491 | ||
| KEGG | |||
PubChem CID
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| UNII | |||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Sifat | |||
| C6H7N | |||
| Jisim molar | 93.13 g·mol−1 | ||
| Rupa bentuk | Colorless to yellow liquid | ||
| Ketumpatan | 1.0297 g/mL | ||
| Takat lebur | −6.3 °C (20.7 °F; 266.8 K) | ||
| Takat didih | 184.13 °C (363.43 °F; 457.28 K) | ||
| 3.6 g/100 mL at 20 °C | |||
| Tekanan wap | 0.6 mmHg (20° C) | ||
| Keasidan (pKa) | 4.6 (for the conjugate acid) [2] | ||
| Kebesan (pKb) | 9.4 | ||
| −62.95·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
| Kelikatan | 3.71 cP (3.71 mPa·s at 25 °C) | ||
| Termokimia | |||
Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcH⦵298) |
−3394 kJ/mol | ||
| Bahaya | |||
| Bahaya-bahaya utama | potential occupational carcinogen | ||
| Pengelasan EU | {{{value}}} | ||
| Frasa R | R23/24/25 Templat:R40 Templat:R41 Templat:R43 Templat:R48/23/24/25 Templat:R68 Templat:R50 | ||
| Frasa S | S1/2 S26 Templat:S27 S36/37/39 S45 Templat:S46 S61 Templat:S63 | ||
| NFPA 704 (berlian api) | |||
| Takat kilat | 70 °C (158 °F; 343 K) | ||
| 770 °C (1,420 °F; 1,040 K) | |||
| Had letupan | 1.3–11% | ||
| Dos maut (LD) atau kepekatan dos maut (LC) | |||
LDLo (paling rendah diketahui)
|
195 mg/kg (dog, oral) 250 mg/kg (rat, oral) 464 mg/kg (mouse, oral) 440 mg/kg (rat, oral) 400 mg/kg (guinea pig, oral) | ||
LC50 (median kepekatan)
|
175 ppm (mouse, 7 h) | ||
LCLo (paling rendah diketahui)
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250 ppm (rat, 4 h) 180 ppm (cat, 8 house) | ||
| NIOSH (Had pendedahan kesihatan AS): | |||
PEL (Dibenarkan)
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TWA 5 ppm (19 mg/m3) [skin] | ||
REL (Disyorkan)
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Ca [potential occupational carcinogen] | ||
IDLH (Bahaya serta-merta)
|
100 ppm | ||
| Sebatian berkaitan | |||
Berkaitanaromatic amines
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1-Naftilamin 2-Naftilamin | ||
Sebatian berkaitan
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Fenilhidrazin Nitrosobenzen Nitrobenzen | ||
Kecuali jika dinyatakan sebaliknya, data diberikan untuk bahan-bahan dalam keadaan piawainya (pada 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |||
 pengesahan (apa yang perlu:  / ?)
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| Rujukan kotak info | |||
CatatanSunting
- ^ Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book). Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014. halaman 416, 668. doi:10.1039/9781849733069-FP001. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4.
Aniline, for C6H5-NH2, is the only name for a primary amine retained as a preferred IUPAC name for which full substitution is permitted on the ring and the nitrogen atom. It is a Type 2a retained name; for the rules of substitution see P-15.1.8.2. Substitution is limited to substituent groups cited as prefixes in accordance with the seniority of functional groups explicitly expressed or implied in the functional parent compound name. The name benzenamine may be used in general nomenclature.
- ^ "Brone Foote Iverson Ansyln Organic Chemistry". 6th edition. p. 955.
- ^ GOV, NOAA Office of Response and Restoration, US. "ANILINE | CAMEO Chemicals | NOAA". cameochemicals.noaa.gov. Dicapai pada 2016-06-16.
RujukanSunting
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, penyunting (1911), Aniline, Encyclopædia Britannica (ed. ke-11), Cambridge University Press, halaman 47–48
Pautan luarSunting
- Antarabangsa Keselamatan Bahan Kimia Kad 0011
- CDC - AMMONIA Pocket Panduan Kimia Hazrds
- Aniline electropolymerisation
- Aniline dalam pangkalan data ChemIDplus