Wikipedia

Asia Amerika

Orang Asia Amerika adalah keturunan Amerika keturunan Asia. Istilah ini merujuk kepada kumpulan panetnik yang merangkumi pelbagai populasi, yang mempunyai asal-usul leluhur di Asia Timur, Asia Selatan, atau Asia Tenggara, seperti yang ditakrifkan oleh Biro Banci Amerika Syarikat.[3] Ini termasuk orang yang menunjukkan perlumbaan mereka pada banci sebagai "Asia" atau penyertaan yang dilaporkan seperti" Cina, Filipina, India, Korea, Jepun, Vietnam, dan Asia Lain".[4] Pada tahun 2017, Asia Amerika terdiri daripada 5.6% penduduk AS; termasuk orang Asia Asia yang pelbagai, peratus itu meningkat kepada 6.9%.

Asia Amerika
Jumlah penduduk
22,408,464[1]
6.9% daripada jumlah penduduk A.S. (2017)
Kawasan ramai penduduk
California5,556,592
New York1,579,494
Texas1,110,666
New Jersey795,163
Hawaii780,968
Illinois668,694
Washington604,251
Florida573,083
Virginia522,199
Pennsylvania402,587
Bahasa
Agama
Kristian (42%)
Tidak beragama (26%)
Buddha (14%)
Hindu (10%)
Islam (4%)
Sikh (1%)
Lain-lain (2%) termasuk Jain, Zoroastrian, Shinto, dan agama rakyat Cina (Tao, Tengrisme dan Konfusian)[2]
Kumpulan etnik berkaitan
Hispanik Asia dan Amerika Latin

Walaupun pendatang dari Asia telah berada di bahagian Amerika Syarikat kontemporari sejak abad ke-17, imigresen berskala besar tidak bermula sehingga pertengahan abad ke-19. Undang-undang imigresen Nativist pada tahun 1880-an 1920-an mengecualikan pelbagai kumpulan Asia, akhirnya melarang hampir semua imigresen Asia ke benua Amerika Syarikat. Selepas undang-undang imigresen diperbaharui pada tahun 1940-an-60an, memansuhkan kuota asal negara, imigrasi Asia meningkat dengan pesat. Analisis banci 2010 telah menunjukkan bahawa Asia Amerika adalah minoriti kaum atau etnik minoriti yang paling pesat berkembang di Amerika Syarikat.[5]

Rujukan sunting

  1. ^ "Asian Alone or in any Combination by Selected Groups". United States Census Bureau. m/s. 2017 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2019-04-11. Dicapai pada December 11, 2018.
  2. ^ "Asian Americans: A Mosaic of Faiths". The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life. Pew Research Center. July 19, 2012. Dicapai pada February 15, 2013. Christian 42%, Buddhist 14%, Hindu 10%, Muslim 4%, Sikh 1%, Jain *% Unaffiliated 26%, Don't know/Refused 1%
  3. ^ Karen R. Humes; Nicholas A. Jones; Roberto R. Ramirez (March 2011). "Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2010" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. U.S. Department of Commerce. Dicapai pada January 5, 2012.
  4. ^ U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000 Summary File 1 Technical Documentation, 2001, at Appendix B-14. "A person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent including, for example, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippine Islands, Thailand, and Vietnam. It includes Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Korean, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Other Asian."
  5. ^ "U.S. Census Show Asians Are Fastest Growing Racial Group". NPR.org. Dicapai pada 2016-10-26.

Bacaan lanjut sunting

  • Bhatt, Amy, et al. Roots and Reflections: South Asians in the Pacific Northwest (2013)
  • Chan, Sucheng. "The changing contours of Asian-American historiography", Rethinking History, March 2007, Vol. 11 Issue 1, pp 125–147; surveys 100+ studies of defining events; Asian diasporas; social dynamics; cultural histories.
  • Chan, Sucheng. Asian Americans: an interpretive history (Twayne, 1991). ISBN 978-0-8057-8437-4
  • Chau Trinh-Shevrin, Nadia Shilpi Islam, Mariano Jose Rey. Asian American Communities and Health: Context, Research, Policy, and Action (Public Health/Vulnerable Populations), 2009. ISBN 978-0-7879-9829-5
  • Cheng, Cindy I-Fen. Citizens of Asian America: Democracy and Race during the Cold War (2013)
  • Chin, Gabriel J., Ed., U.S. Commission on Civil Rights: Reports on Asian Pacific Americans (2005) ISBN 978-0-8377-3105-6
  • Choi, Yoonsun. "Academic Achievement and Problem Behaviors among Asian Pacific Islander American Adolescents." (Archive, Alternate link) Journal of Youth and Adolescence. Received August 26, 2006. Accepted October 13, 2006. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. doi:10.1007/s10964-006-9152-4. May 2007, Volume 36, Issue 4, pp 403–415.
  • Chiu, Monica, ed. Asian Americans in New England: Culture and Community (Durham: University of New Hampshire Press, 2009. xviii, 252 pp.) ISBN 978-1-58465-794-1
  • Kwong, Peter and Dusanka Miscevic. Chinese America: The Untold Story of America's Oldest New Community (2005)
  • Lee, Jonathan H. X. History of Asian Americans: Exploring Diverse Roots (2015)
  • Lee, Jonathan H. X. and Fumitaka Matsuoka, eds. Asian American Religious Cultures (2 vol. 2015)
  • Lee, Jonathan H. X. and Kathleen M. Nadeau, eds. Encyclopedia of Asian American Folklore and Folklife (3 vol. 2010)
  • Ling, Huping, and Allan W. Austin, eds. Asian American History and Culture: An Encyclopedia (Routledge, 2015)
  • Lowe, Lisa Immigrant Acts: On Asian American Cultural Politics Durham: Duke University Press, 1996. ISBN 978-0-8223-1864-4
  • Matsumoto, Jon. "Asian Americans Anchor Their Influence." Los Angeles Times. September 4, 1998.
  • Okamoto, Dina G. Redefining Race: Asian American Panethnicity and Shifting Ethnic Boundaries (Russell Sage Foundation, 2014)
  • Okihiro, Gary Y. The Columbia Guide to Asian American History (Columbia UP, 2005) excerpt and text search
  • Okihiro, Gary Y. American History Unbound: Asians and Pacific Islanders (University of California Press, 2015). xiv, 499 pp.
  • Pyong Gap Min Asian Americans: Contemporary Trends and Issues Thousand Oaks, Ca.: Pine Science Press, 2005. ISBN 978-1-4129-0556-5
  • Takaki, Ronald Strangers from a Different Shore: A History of Asian Americans New York: Little, Brown, 1998. ISBN 978-0-316-83130-7.
    • adapted by Rebecca Stefoff: Raising Cane. The World of Plantation Hawaii, Chelsea House Publishers, New York/Philadelphia 1994, ISBN 0-7910-2178-5.
  • Tamura, Eileen H. "Using the Past to Inform the Future: An Historiography of Hawaii's Asian and Pacific Islander Americans", Amerasia Journal, 2000, Vol. 26 Issue 1, pp 55–85
  • Wu, Frank H. Yellow: Race in American Beyond Black and White New York: Basic Books, 2002. ISBN 978-0-465-00639-7
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  • Zhou, Min and Carl L. Bankston III Growing Up American: How Vietnamese Children Adapt to Life in the United States New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1998. ISBN 978-0-871-54995-2.
  • "Asian Americans: A Mosaic of Faiths" (full report) (Archive). Pew Research Center. July 19, 2012.

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