Carta di bawah memaparkan cara bagaimana Abjad Fonetik Antarabangsa menjelaskan sebutan bahasa Slovak dalam rencana Wikipedia.

Konsonan
IPA Contoh Nearest English equivalent
b b, vstup do[1] bill
c radosť, loď[2] stew (UK)
d domov, prvýkrát bolo[1] door
dz dz, noc bez[1] heads
bán, cárovič bol[1] job
f farba, vták[3] focus
ɡ garáž, kde[1] gate
ɦ hlava ahead
ɟ ďaleko, byť zaradený[1] dew (UK)
k koláč, ping-pong[2] cold
l láska[4] lack
vlk little
l̩ː vĺča little left (long)
ʎ ľad[4] failure
m maslo milk
n noc now
ɲ laň canyon
ŋ banka singer
p pavúk, dub[2] spill
r robot similar to water (US)
prst
r̩ː vŕba Spanish perro
s slnko, mráz[2] six
ʃ šach, ž[2] shell
t tulipán, hlad[2] stand
ts cena, jedz[2] bats
človek, [2] chase
v vzrast,[3] Adolf bol[1] vine
ʋ sever[3] between vine and wine
x chlieb, sneh loch (Scottish)
z zima, ananás bol[1] zoo
ʒ žena, Aleš bol[1] fusion
Semivowels
j jogurt yellow
ʊ̯ pravda, krv,[3] Tatrou wine
Vokal[5]
IPA Contoh Nearest English equivalent
Monophthong
a matka art
ráno father
æ mäso[6] bat
ɛ drevo left
ɛː fén bed
i tri, syr kit
písať, výr leave
ɔ dom off
ɔː móda dog
u ruža bull
úroda food
Diphthong
ɪ̯a piaty young
ɪ̯ɛ viera yes
ɪ̯u vyššiu use
ʊ̯ɔ stôl water
IPA Stress
ˈ Primary stress always falls on the first syllable of a word.
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Apart from being the main realization of the phonemes /b, d, dz, dʒ, ɡ, ɟ, z, ʒ/, [b, d, dz, dʒ, ɡ, ɟ, z, ʒ] also occur as allophones of /p, t, ts, tʃ, k, c, s, ʃ/ before the voiced obstruents /b, d, ɟ, ɡ, dʒ, z, ʒ, ɦ/. [v] also occurs as an allophone of /f/ in the same environment.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Apart from being the main realization of the phonemes /c, k, p, s, ʃ, t, ts, tʃ/, [c, k, p, s, ʃ, t, ts, tʃ] also occur as word-final allophones of /ɟ, ɡ, b, z, ʒ, d, dz, dʒ/ unless the following word beings with any of the voiced obstruents /b, d, ɟ, ɡ, dʒ, z, ʒ, ɦ/ and is pronounced without a pause, when they are realized as voiced [ɟ, ɡ, b, z, ʒ, d, dz, dʒ].
  3. ^ a b c d The phones transcribed [f, v, ʋ, ʊ̯] are allophones of a single /v/ phoneme (but note that [f, v] are also allophones of the /f/ phoneme):
    [f] occurs word-initially before the voiceless obstruents /p, t, c, k, tʃ, s, ʃ, x/;
    [v] occurs word-initially before the voiced obstruents /b, d, ɟ, ɡ, dʒ, z, ʒ, ɦ/;
    [ʊ̯] or [ʋ] (in our transcriptions always represented as [ʊ̯]) occur in the syllable coda;
    [ʋ] occurs in all other cases (Hanulíková & Hamann (2010:374)).
  4. ^ a b The /l–ʎ/ contrast is neutralized before front vowels, when only /l/ occurs. The neutralization is taken further in western dialects in which /ʎ/ merges with /l/ in all environments (Hanulíková & Hamann (2010:374)).
  5. ^ In the majority of cases only one long vowel per word may occur. The phonemic diphthongs /ɪ̯a, ɪ̯ɛ, ɪ̯u, ʊ̯ɔ/ count as long vowels - compare the adjectives beliansky [ˈbɛlɪ̯anski] and bratislavský [ˈbracislaʊ̯skiː]. In the latter word, there is a phonetic diphthong [aʊ̯], which is analyzed phonetically as a sequence of /a/ and /v/.
  6. ^ /æ/ often merges with /ɛ/.

Rujukan sunting

  • Hanulíková, Adriana; Hamann, Silke (2010), "Slovak" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 40 (3): 373–378, doi:10.1017/S0025100310000162
  • Kráľ, Ábel (1988), Pravidlá slovenskej výslovnosti, Bratislava: Slovenské pedagogické nakladateľstvo
  • Pavlík, Radoslav (2004), "Slovenské hlásky a medzinárodná fonetická abeceda" (PDF), Jazykovedný časopis, 55: 87–109