Black Sabbath

Black Sabbath
Black Sabbath
	Black Sabbath pada 1970. Dari kiri ke kanan: Geezer Butler, Tony Iommi, Bill Ward, Ozzy Osbourne.
Latar belakang
Juga dikenali sebagai	The Polka Tulk Blues Band; Earth;
Berasal dari	Birmingham, England
Genre	Heavy metal
Tahun aktif	1968–2006, 2011–2017
Syarikat rakaman	Vertigo/Mercury/Virgin EMI/Universal; Warner Bros.; I.R.S.; Sanctuary;
Pengkarya berkait	Heaven & Hell; Mythology; Dio; Deep Purple;
Laman sesawang	www.blacksabbath.com

Black Sabbath ialah kumpulan rock Inggeris yang ditubuhkan di Birmingham pada tahun 1968 oleh vokalis Ozzy Osbourne, pemain gitar Tony Iommi, pemain bes Geezer Butler dan pemain dram Bill Ward. Mereka dianggap sebagai perintis muzik heavy metal. Kumpulan ini membantu mentakrif genre heavy metal dengan album-album seperti Black Sabbath (1970), Paranoid (1970), dan Master of Reality (1971). Kumpulan ini beberapa kali mengalami perubahan ahli selepas penyingkiran Osbourne pada tahun 1979. Iommi merupakan satu-satunya ahli tetap sepanjang sejarahnya. Black Sabbath dianggap sebagai kumpulan metal terhebat sepanjang zaman dan telah menjual lebih 70 juta salinan album.

Ahli kumpulan

Ahli asal

Ozzy Osbourne – vokal, harmonika (1968–1977, 1978–1979, 1985, 1997–2006, 2011–2017)
Tony Iommi – gitar (1968–2006, 2011–2017)
Geezer Butler – bes (1968–1979, 1980–1985, 1987, 1990–1994, 1997–2006, 2011–2017)
Bill Ward – dram (1968–1980, 1983, 1984, 1994, 1997–2006, 2011–2012)

Garis masa

Jelajah

Black Sabbath Tour 1970
Paranoid Tour 1970–1971
Master of Reality Tour 1971–1972
Vol. 4 Tour 1972–1973
Sabbath Bloody Sabbath Tour 1973–1974
Sabotage Tour 1975–1976
Technical Ecstasy Tour 1976–1977
Never Say Die! Tour 1978
Heaven & Hell Tour 1980–1981
Mob Rules Tour 1981–1982
Born Again Tour 1983
Seventh Star Tour 1986
Eternal Idol Tour 1987
Headless Cross Tour 1989
Tyr Tour 1990
Dehumanizer Tour 1992
Cross Purposes Tour 1994
Forbidden Tour 1995
Ozzfest Tour 1997
European Tour 1998
Reunion Tour 1998-1999
Ozzfest Tour 1999
U.S. Tour 1999
European Tour 1999
Ozzfest Tour 2001
Ozzfest Tour 2004
European Tour 2005
Ozzfest Tour 2005
Black Sabbath Reunion Tour, 2012–2014^[2]
The End Tour 2016–2017

Diskografi

Black Sabbath (1970)
Paranoid (1970)
Master of Reality (1971)
Vol. 4 (1972)
Sabbath Bloody Sabbath (1973)
Sabotage (1975)
Technical Ecstasy (1976)
Never Say Die! (1978)
Heaven and Hell (1980)
Mob Rules (1981)
Born Again (1983)
Seventh Star (1986)
The Eternal Idol (1987)
Headless Cross (1989)
Tyr (1990)
Dehumanizer (1992)
Cross Purposes (1994)
Forbidden (1995)
13 (2013)

Rujukan

^ Tom Larson (2004). History of Rock and Roll. Kendall/Hunt Pub. m/s. 183–187. ISBN 978-0-7872-9969-9.
^ "Tour Dates – Black Sabbath Online". Black-sabbath.com. Dicapai pada 18 January 2016.

Sumber

Barnet, Richard D.; Burriss, Larry L. (2001). Controversies of the Music Industry. Foreword by Paul D. Fischer. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-31094-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Drewett, Michael (2006). Popular Music Censorship in Africa. Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7546-5291-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
McIver, Joel (2006). Sabbath Bloody Sabbath. London: Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-1-84449-982-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Iommi, Tony (2012). Iron Man: My Journey through Heaven and Hell with Black Sabbath. Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0306821455.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Koskoff, Ellen (2005). Music Cultures in the United States. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-96589-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Lewis, James R. (2001). Satanism Today: An Encyclopedia of Religion, Folklore, and Popular Culture. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-57607-292-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Osbourne, Ozzy; Ayres, Chris (2010). I Am Ozzy. New York: Grand Central Publishing. ISBN 978-0-446-56989-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Rosen, Steven (1996). The Story of Black Sabbath: Wheels of Confusion. Castle Communications. ISBN 978-1-86074-149-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Sharpe-Young, Garry (2006). Sabbath Bloody Sabbath: The Battle for Black Sabbath. Zonda Books. ISBN 978-0-9582684-2-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Strong, Martin Charles (2006). The Essential Rock Discography. Volume 1 (ed. 8th). New York: Canongate. ISBN 978-1-84195-827-9. |volume= has extra text (bantuan)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Thompson, Dave (2004). Smoke on the Water: The Deep Purple Story. Toronto: ECW Press. ISBN 978-1-55022-618-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Wilson, Dave (2004). Rock Formations: Categorical Answers to How Band Names Were Formed. San Jose, California: Cidermill Books. ISBN 978-0-9748483-5-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

Pautan luar

[Larson2004a-1] Tom Larson (2004). History of Rock and Roll. Kendall/Hunt Pub. m/s. 183–187. ISBN 978-0-7872-9969-9.

[2] "Tour Dates – Black Sabbath Online". Black-sabbath.com. Dicapai pada 18 January 2016.

[1]

[2]