Wikipedia

Elizabeth I dari England

Ratu England; Ratu Ireland
(Dilencongkan dari Elizabeth I)

Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 – 24 Mac 1603) adalah ratu memerintah bagi England dan Ireland bermula pada 17 November 1558 sehingga kematian beliau.[1] Beliau kadang kala dipanggil dengan nama Ratu Perawan, Gloriana, Oriana, atau Ratu Bess Baik.[2] Elizabeth adalah raja kelima dan terakhir dari dinasti Tudor. Sebagai anak perempuan kepada Henry VIII, beliau dilahirkan sebagai seorang puteri, tetapi ibunya, Anne Boleyn, telah dihukum mati dua setengah tahun selepas kelahiran beliau, dan Elizabeth diistiharkan sebagai anak luar nikah.[3] Abang beliau, Edward VI, mewariskan takhta kepada Lady Jane Grey, memintas kakaknya daripada senarai penggantian. Wasiat beliau diketepikan, dan pada tahun 1558 Elizabeth mengantikan Mary I, yang mana semasa pemerintahan beliau telah dipenjara selama hampir setahun kerana disyaki menyokong para pemberontak Protestant.

Elizabeth I
Ratu England dan Ireland (lagi...)
Pemerintahan17 November 1558 – 24 Mac 1603 (44 tahun, 127 hari)
Kemahkotaan15 Januari 1559 (umur 25)
Didahului olehMary I
Diikuti olehJames I
PemakamanWestminster Abbey
KerabatKerabat Tudor
AyahandaHenry VIII
BondaAnne Boleyn
TandatanganTandatangan Elizabeth I

Nota sunting

  1. ^ Somerset, 4.
  2. ^ John N. King, "Queen Elizabeth I: Representations of the Virgin Queen," Renaissance Quarterly Vol. 43, No. 1 (Spring, 1990), pp. 30–74 in JSTOR
  3. ^ Loades, 7–8.

Rujukan sunting

  • Adams, Simon (2002), Leicester and the Court: Essays in Elizabethan Politics, Manchester: Manchester University Press, ISBN 0719053250.
  • Black, J. B. (1945) [1936], The Reign of Elizabeth: 1558–1603, Oxford: Clarendon, OCLC 5077207.
  • Chamberlin, Frederick (1939), Elizabeth and Leycester, Dodd, Mead & Co..
  • Collinson, Patrick (2003), "The Mongrel Religion of Elizabethan England", dalam Doran, Susan (penyunting), Elizabeth: The Exhibition at the National Maritime Museum, London: Chatto and Windus, ISBN 0701174765.
  • Croft, Pauline (2003), King James, Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 0333613953.
  • Davenport, Cyril (1899), Pollard, Alfred (penyunting), English Embroidered Bookbindings, London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Co., OCLC 705685.
  • Dobson, Michael; Watson, Nicola (2003), "Elizabeth's Legacy", dalam Doran, Susan (penyunting), Elizabeth: The Exhibition at the National Maritime Museum, London: Chatto and Windus, ISBN 0701174765 Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (bantuan).
  • Doran, Susan (1996), Monarchy and Matrimony: The Courtships of Elizabeth I, London: Routledge, ISBN 0415119693.
  • Doran, Susan (2003), "The Queen's Suitors and the Problem of the Succession", dalam Doran, Susan (penyunting), Elizabeth: The Exhibition at the National Maritime Museum, London: Chatto and Windus, ISBN 0701174765.
  • Edwards, Philip (2004), The Making of the Modern English State: 1460–1660, Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 031223614X.
  • Flynn, Sian; Spence, David (2003), "Elizabeth's Adventurers", dalam Doran, Susan (penyunting), Elizabeth: The Exhibition at the National Maritime Museum, London: Chatto and Windus, ISBN 0701174765 Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (bantuan).
  • Frieda, Leonie (2005), Catherine de Medici, London: Phoenix, ISBN 0173820390 Check |isbn= value: checksum (bantuan).
  • Goldsworthy, J. D. (1999), The Sovereignty of Parliament, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0198268939.
  • Gristwood, Sarah (2008), Elizabeth and Leicester, Bantam Books, ISBN 9780553817867
  • Guy, John (2004), My Heart is My Own: The Life of Mary Queen of Scots, London and New York: Fourth Estate, ISBN 184115752X.
  • Haigh, Christopher (2000), Elizabeth I (ed. 2nd), Harlow (UK): Longman Pearson, ISBN 0582437547.
  • Hammer, P. E. J. (1999), The Polarisation of Elizabethan Politics: The Political Career of Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, 1585-1597, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0521019419.
  • Hasler, P. W, penyunting (1981), History of Parliament. House of Commons 1558–1603 (3 vols), London: Published for the History of Parliament Trust by H.M.S.O., ISBN 0118875019.
  • Haynes, Alan (1987), The White Bear: The Elizabethan Earl of Leicester, London: Peter Owen, ISBN 0720606721.
  • Hogge, Alice (2005), God's Secret Agents: Queen Elizabeth's Forbidden Priests and the Hatching of the Gunpowder Plot, London: HarperCollins, ISBN 0007156375.
  • Hume, Martin (1904), The Courtships of Queen Elizabeth, London: Eveleigh Nash & Grayson.
  • Hunt, Alice (2008), The Drama of Coronation: Medieval Ceremony in Early Modern England, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Jenkins, Elizabeth (2002), Elizabeth and Leicester, The Phoenix Press, ISBN 1842125605.
  • Kenyon, John P. (1983), The History Men: The Historical Profession in England since the Renaissance, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, ISBN 0297782541.
  • Lacey, Robert (1971), Robert Earl of Essex: An Elizabethan Icarus, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, ISBN 0297003208.
  • Loades, David (2003), Elizabeth I: The Golden Reign of Gloriana, London: The National Archives, ISBN 1903365430.
  • Lockyer, Roger (2004), Tudor and Stuart Britain 1485–1714 (ed. Third), London: Pearson, ISBN 0582771889 Unknown parameter |auhorlink= ignored (bantuan).
  • McGrath, Patrick (1967), Papists and Puritans under Elizabeth I, London: Blandford Press.
  • Neale, J. E. (1954) [1934], Queen Elizabeth I: A Biography (ed. reprint), London: Jonathan Cape, OCLC 220518.
  • Parker, Geoffrey (2000), The Grand Strategy of Philip II, New Haven: Yale University Press, ISBN 0300082738.
  • Richardson, Ruth Elizabeth (2007), Mistress Blanche: Queen Elizabeth I's Confidante, Woonton: Logaston Press, ISBN 9781904396864.
  • Rowse, A. L. (1950), The England of Elizabeth, London: Macmillan, OCLC 181656553.
  • Somerset, Anne (2003), Elizabeth I. (ed. 1st Anchor Books), London: Anchor Books, ISBN 0385721579.
  • Starkey, David (2003), "Elizabeth: Woman, Monarch, Mission", dalam Doran, Susan (penyunting), Elizabeth: The Exhibition at the National Maritime Museum, London: Chatto and Windus, ISBN 0701174765.
  • Strong, Roy C. (2003) [1987], Gloriana: The Portraits of Queen Elizabeth I, London: Pimlico, ISBN 071260944X.
  • Strong, R. C.; van Dorsten, J. A. (1964), Leicester's Triumph, Oxford University Press Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (bantuan).
  • Weir, Alison (1999), Elizabeth the Queen, London: Pimlico, ISBN 0712673121.
  • Williams, Neville (1972), The Life and Times of Elizabeth I, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, ISBN 0297831682.
  • Willson, David Harris (1963) [1956], King James VI & I, London: Jonathan Cape, ISBN 0224605720.
  • Wilson, Derek (1981), Sweet Robin: A Biography of Robert Dudley Earl of Leicester 1533-1588, London: Hamish Hamilton, ISBN 0241101492.

Bacaan lanjut sunting

  • Camden, William. History of the Most Renowned and Victorious Princess Elizabeth. Wallace T. MacCaffrey (ed). Chicago: University of Chicago Press, selected chapters, 1970 edition. OCLC 59210072.
  • Clapham, John. Elizabeth of England. E. P. Read and Conyers Read (eds). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1951. OCLC 1350639.
  • Elizabeth I: The Collected Works Leah S. Marcus, Mary Beth Rose & Janel Mueller (eds.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002. ISBN 0-226-50465-4.
  • Elizabeth: The Exhibition at the National Maritime Museum. Susan Doran (ed.). London: Chatto and Windus, 2003. ISBN 0-7011-7476-5.
  • Ridley, Jasper. Elizabeth I: The Shrewdness of Virtue. New York : Fromm International, 1989. ISBN 0-88064-110-X.

Pautan luar sunting

Elizabeth I dari England
Tarikh keputeraan: 7 September 1533 Tarikh kemangkatan: 24 Mac 1603
Gelaran pemerintah
Didahului oleh
Mary I 		Ratu England
Ratu Ireland
17 November 1558 – 24 Mac 1603 		Diikuti oleh:
James I
Kerabat diraja England
Didahului oleh
Lady Mary Tudor 		Pewaris takhta England
sebagai bakal pewaris ratu
Mac 1534 – 1536 		Kosong
Tidak pernah didesignasi sebagai pewaris¹
  Gelaran dipegang kemudian oleh  
Henry Frederick, Putera Wales
Didahului oleh
Lady Catherine Grey 		Pewaris takhta England dan Ireland
sebagai bakal pewaris ratu
19 Julai 1553 – 17 November 1558 		Kosong
Tidak pernah didesignasi sebagai pewaris¹
  Gelaran dipegang kemudian oleh  
Henry Frederick, Putera Wales
Nota dan rujukan
1. Bakal pewaris berpotensi pada waktu itu adalah Lady Frances Brandon oleh Akta Pewarisan Ketiga dan Mary, Ratu Scotland, oleh cognatic primogeniture

Templat:Anglican Communion

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