Ernest Lawrence
Ernest Orlando Lawrence (8 Ogos 1901 - 27 Ogos 1958) ialah seorang saintis nuklear Amerika perintis dan pemenang Hadiah Nobel dalam Fizik pada tahun 1939 untuk mencipta siklotronnya. Beliau terkenal dengan kerjanya mengenai pemisahan uranium-isotop untuk Projek Manhattan, serta untuk mengasaskan Makmal Kebangsaan Lawrence Berkeley dan Makmal Kebangsaan Lawrence Livermore.[1][2][3][4][5][6]
Nota sunting
- ^ "Inventor of cyclotron dies after surgery". Eugene Register-Guard. Associated Press. August 28, 1958. m/s. 5b. Dicapai pada May 24, 2015.
- ^ Berdahl, Robert M. (December 10, 2001). "The Lawrence Legacy". Vermillion, South Dakota: University of California, Berkeley. Office of the Chancellor. Dicapai pada May 9, 2014.
- ^ Lawrence, Ernest Orlando (August 1925). "The photoelectric effect in potassium vapour as a function of the frequency of the light". Philosophical Magazine. 50 (296): 345–359. doi:10.1080/14786442508634745.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951". Nobel Foundation. 2014. Dicapai pada 21 June 2015.
- ^ Allen, John F. (August 29, 1958). "Cyclotron father's death mourned". Milwaukee Sentinel. m/s. 13, part 1.[pautan mati kekal]
- ^ Kiessling, E.C. (December 17, 1968). "Even geniuses have human frailties". Milwaukee Journal. m/s. 24, part 1.[pautan mati kekal]
Rujukan sunting
- Alvarez, Luis (1970). "Ernest Orlando Lawrence 1901–1958" (PDF). Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Brechin, Gray A. (1999). Imperial San Francisco: Urban Power, Earthly Ruin. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-21568-9. OCLC 40331167.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Childs, Herbert (1968). An American Genius: The Life of Ernest Orlando Lawrence, Father of the Cyclotron. New York, New York: E. P. Dutton. ISBN 978-0-525-05443-6. OCLC 273351.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Fine, Lenore; Remington, Jesse A. (1972). The Corps of Engineers: Construction in the United States (PDF). Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History. OCLC 834187. Dicapai pada August 25, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Greene, Benjamin P. (2007). Eisenhower, Science Advice, and the Nuclear Test-Ban Debate, 1945–1963. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ISBN 9780804754453. OCLC 65204949.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Heilbron, J. L.; Seidel, Robert W. (1989). Lawrence and his Laboratory: A History of the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-06426-3. OCLC 19455957. Dicapai pada May 24, 2015.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Herken, Gregg (2002). Brotherhood of the Bomb: The Tangled Lives and Loyalties of Robert Oppenheimer, Ernest Lawrence, and Edward Teller. New York, New York: Holt Paperbacks. ISBN 978-0-8050-6589-3. OCLC 48941348.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Hewlett, Richard G.; Anderson, Oscar E. (1962). The New World, 1939–1946 (PDF). Physics Today. 15. University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press. m/s. 62. Bibcode:1962PhT....15l..62H. doi:10.1063/1.3057919. ISBN 978-0-520-07186-5. OCLC 637004643. Dicapai pada March 26, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Jones, Vincent (1985). Manhattan: The Army and the Atomic Bomb (PDF). Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History. OCLC 10913875. Dicapai pada August 25, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Segrè, Emilio (1993). A Mind Always in Motion: the Autobiography of Emilio Segrè. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-07627-3. OCLC 25629433.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Seidel, Robert W. (1983). "Accelerating Science: The Postwar Transformation of the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory". Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences. 13 (2): 375–400. ISSN 1939-1811. JSTOR 27757520.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)