Wikipedia

Fail:Global Warming Predictions.png

Global_Warming_Predictions.png ‎(528 × 377 piksel, saiz fail: 25 KB, jenis MIME: image/png)

Fail ini dari Wikimedia Commons dan mungkin digunakan oleh projek lain. Penerangan pada laman penerangan failnya di sana ditunjukkan di bawah.

Ringkasan

A map of predicted global warming at the end of the 21st century according to the HADCM3 climate model with a business-as-usual emissions scenario (IS92a). This model has an average warming of 3.0°C

See also: Economics of global warming#Scenarios

Shows climate model predictions for global warming under the SRES A2 emissions scenario(vague – see talk page) relative to global average temperatures in 2000. The A2 scenario family is characterized by a politically and socially diverse world that exhibits sustained economic growth but does not address the inequities between rich and poor nations, and takes no special actions to combat global warming or environmental change issues. This world in 2100 is characterized by large population (15 billion), high total energy use, and moderate levels of fossil fuel dependency (mostly coal).[1] The A2 scenario was the most frequently studied of the SRES scenarios at the time of the IPCC Third Assessment Report.

In total, there are forty SRES scenarios, and they are grouped into six scenario "families": A1B, A1FI, A1T, A2, B1 and B2 (Morita et al., 2001:143-147).[2] Each group has an illustrative "marker" scenario.

No likelihood has been attached to any of the SRES scenarios (IPCC, 2007b:44).[3] The SRES scenarios do not include additional climate initiatives, which means that no scenarios are included that explicitly assume implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change or the emissions targets of the Kyoto Protocol (IPCC, 2007a:18).[4]

For the six SRES marker scenarios, IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (2007:7-8) gave a "best estimate" of global mean temperature increase (2090-2099 relative to the period 1980-1999) that ranged from 1.8 °C to 4.0 °C. Over the same time period, the IPCC gave a "likely" range (greater than 66% probability, based on expert judgement) for these scenarios was for a global mean temperature increase of between 1.1 and 6.4 °C. These ranges stem from a combination of uncertainty over future emissions and variations between models regarding the expected response to a given set of emissions. The figure above, showing the disagreement among models for a single scenario, illustrates the latter kind of uncertainty. The lowest temperature increase was for the B1 marker scenario, where the best estimate warming was 1.8 °C (1.1 to 2.9 °C likely range). The highest increase was for the A1F1 marker scenario, of 4.0 °C (2.4 to 6.4 °C likely range). For the A2 marker scenario, the best estimate was 3.4 °C (2.0 to 5.4 °C likely range).

Temperature Increase 2000 to 2100 (°C)
Model Total Land Ocean
CCSR/NIES 4.7 7.0 3.8
CCCma 4.0 5.0 3.6
CSIRO 3.8 4.9 3.4
Hadley Centre 3.7 5.5 3.0
GFDL 3.3 4.2 3.0
MPI-M 3.0 4.6 2.4
NCAR PCM 2.3 3.1 2.0
NCAR CSM 2.2 2.7 2.0

References

  1. ↑ IPCC (2000). An Overview of Scenarios. In: IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios [N. Nakicenovic and R. Swart (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, U.K.. Retrieved on 2010-03-03.
  2. ↑ Morita, T. et al. (2001). Greenhouse Gas Emission Mitigation Scenarios and Implications. In: Climate Change 2001: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [B. Metz et al. Eds.]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., and New York, N.Y., U.S.A.. Archived from the original on 2018-10-05. Retrieved on 2010-01-10.
  3. ↑ IPCC (2007). Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team et al. (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland. Retrieved on 2009-05-20.
  4. ↑ IPCC (2007a). Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S. et al. (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., and New York, N.Y., U.S.A.. Archived from the original on 2018-10-05. Retrieved on 2009-05-20.

Models

The model data used above was taken from the IPCC-DDC, and the models are as follows:

Copyright

This figure was created by Robert A. Rohde from public data and is incorporated into the Global Warming Art project.

Image from Global Warming Art
This image is an original work created for Global Warming Art. Please refer to the image description page for more information.
GNU head Kebenaran diberikan untuk menyalin, mengedar dan/atau mengubah dokumen ini di bawah syarat-syarat Lesen Pendokumenan Bebas GNU, versi 1.2 atau mana-mana versi selepas ini, yang diterbitkan oleh Yayasan Perisian Bebas; tanpa Seksyen yang Tak Berubah, tanpa Teks Kulit Depan dan tanpa Teks Kulit Belakang. Salinan lesen ini boleh didapati dalam seksyen yang bertajuk Lesen Pendokumenan Bebas GNU".
w:ms:Creative Commons
pengiktirafan perkongsian serupa 		Fail ini dilesenkan di bawah lesen Pengiktirafan-Perkongsian Serupa 3.0 Tidak Diport Creative Commons.
Anda bebas:
  • untuk berkongsi – untuk menyalin, mengedar dan memindah hasil kerja
  • untuk mencampur semula – untuk menyesuaikan karya
Di bawah syarat berikut:
  • pengiktirafan – Anda mesti memberi penghargaan yang berpatutan, bekalkan pautan ke lesen, dan tunjukkan jika perubahan telah dibuat. Anda boleh lakukannya dalam sebarang cara yang munasabah, tetapi bukan dalam sebarang cara yang mencadangkan pemberi lesen mengendors anda atau penggunaan anda.
  • perkongsian serupa – Jika anda mengubah, adun semula, atau menokok tambah bahan, anda mesti menyebarkan sumbangan anda di bawah lesen yang sama atau serasi dengan yang asal.
Tag pelesenan ini dibubuh pada fail ini sebagai sebahagian kemas kini pelesenan GFDL

Captions

Add a one-line explanation of what this file represents

Items portrayed in this file

menggambarkan

MIME type Inggeris

image/png

Sejarah fail

Klik pada tarikh/waktu untuk melihat rupa fail tersebut pada waktu itu.

Tarikh/WaktuGambar kenitUkuranPenggunaKomen
semasa06:54, 10 April 2006Gambar kenit bagi versi pada 06:54, 10 April 2006528 × 377 (25 KB)Pflatau==Description== [[Image:Global Warming Predictions Map.jpg|thumb|right|250px|A map of predicted global warming at the end of the 21<sup>st</sup> century accourding to the HADCM3 climate model with a business-as-usual emissions scenario (IS92a). This model

Laman berikut menggunakan fail ini:

Penggunaan fail sejagat

Fail ini digunakan oleh wiki-wiki lain yang berikut:

Metadata

Fail ini mengandungi maklumat tambahan daripada kamera digital atau pengimbas yang digunakan untuk menghasilkannya. Jika fail ini telah diubah suai daripada rupa asalnya, beberapa butiran dalam maklumat ini mungkin sudah tidak relevan.

Diambil daripada "https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fail:Global_Warming_Predictions.png"