Fulgurit

Fulgurit ialah suatu jenis mineral kaca, dihasilkan ketika halilintar (kilat) menyambar permukaan daratan yang susunan tanahnya tidak dapat menyimpan air, seperti tempat yang berbukit pasir. Fulgurit boleh ditemui dalam bentuk pecahan-pecahan.^[1]

Fulgurit berkembang dengan baik di puncak bukit pasir dalam bentuk lubang-lubang kasar, dengan permukaan yang tidak rata. Lubang-lubang itu biasanya terbentuk dengan lingkaran bersaiz lebih kurang satu sentimeter panjang, beberapa puluh sentimeter ke dalam dan bercabang-cabang di dalam tanah. Fulgurit terdiri daripada butir-butir kaca dan pasir yang bercampur dalam 'pasir-pasir hitam' magnetit dan mineral-mineral lain, atau kaca besi silikat.^[2]^[3]

Rujukan sunting

^ Sponholz, B.; Baumhauer, R.; Felix-Henningsen, P. (27 July 2016). "Fulgurites in the southern Central Sahara, Republic of Niger and their palaeoenvironmental significance". The Holocene. 3 (2): 97–104. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.549.8976. doi:10.1177/095968369300300201.
^ Joseph, Michael L. (January 2012). "A Geochemical Analysis of Fulgurites: from the inner glass to the outer crust". Scholarcommons.usf.edu. Dicapai pada 2015-08-16.
^ "Fulgurite Classification, Petrology, and Implications for Planetary Processes - The University of Arizona Campus Repository". Arizona.openrepository.com. Dicapai pada 2015-08-16.

Pautan luar sunting

"Fulgurite" . Encyclopædia Britannica (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 11 (ed. ke-11). 1911.
The Bibliography of Fulgurites Diarkibkan 2017-07-31 di Wayback Machine
H. J. Melosh, Impact geologists, beware! Geophysical Research Letters, Volume44, Issue17, Pages 8873-8874, 2017
Petrified Lightning by Peter E. Viemeister (pdf)
Interview (The Event: Petrified Lightning from Central Florida) with artist Allan McCollum along with an historical archive of sixty-six
Mindat with location data
W. M. Myers and Albert B. Peck, A Fulgurite from South Amboy, New Jersey, American Mineralogist, Volume 10, pages 152-155, 1925
Vladimir A. Rakov, Lightning Makes Glass, 29th Annual Conference of the Glass Art Society, Tampa, Florida, 1999

[Sponholz-1] Sponholz, B.; Baumhauer, R.; Felix-Henningsen, P. (27 July 2016). "Fulgurites in the southern Central Sahara, Republic of Niger and their palaeoenvironmental significance". The Holocene. 3 (2): 97–104. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.549.8976. doi:10.1177/095968369300300201.

[scholarcommons.usf.edu-2] Joseph, Michael L. (January 2012). "A Geochemical Analysis of Fulgurites: from the inner glass to the outer crust". Scholarcommons.usf.edu. Dicapai pada 2015-08-16.

[arizona.openrepository.com-3] "Fulgurite Classification, Petrology, and Implications for Planetary Processes - The University of Arizona Campus Repository". Arizona.openrepository.com. Dicapai pada 2015-08-16.

[1]

[2]

[3]