Wikipedia

Ganja perubatan

ganja yang digunakan secara perubatan

Ganja perubatan ialah ganja dan kanabinoid yang diberikan doktor untuk pesakit mereka merawat penyakit tertentu.[1][2] Kajian awal menunjukkan bahawa ganja dapat mengurangkan loya dan muntah semasa kemoterapi, meningkatkan selera makan penghidap HIV/AIDS serta mengurangkan kesakitan kronik dan kekejangan otot.[3][4][5]

Pengunaan tanaman ini dilazimkan sejak ribuan tahun di banyak budaya seluruh dunia.[6] Namun, perawatan ini tidak meluas zaman moden kerana kurangnya pengujian klinikal ketat disebabkan sekatan pengeluaran dari pemerintah setempat yang membataskan penyelidikan menentukan keselamatan dan keberkesanan penggunaan ganja ini,[7] selain juga kesukaran mengekstrak sebatian kannabinoid tulen tersuling daripada bahan-bahan kimia lain yang diperlukan dalam perawatan sebegini.[8]

Gambaran umum sunting

Pengambilan sunting

Ganja perubatan boleh diberikan melalui pelbagai kaedah, termasuk:

Kesan sampingan sunting

Penerimaan sunting

Banyak negara telah membenarkan penggunaan ganja untuk tujuan rawatan termasuk: Australia,[9] Belanda,[10] Brazil,[11] Chile,[10] Colombia,[10] Croatia,[12] Cyprus,[13] Finland,[14] Israel,[15] Itali,[16] Jamaica,[17] Jerman,[18] Kanada,[10] Lubnan, [19] Luxembourg, [20] Makedonia Utara,[21] Malta,[22] New Zealand, [23] Peru, [24] Poland,[25] Portugal,[26] Republik Czech,[10] Sri Lanka, [27] Thailand, [28] United Kingdom, [29] Uruguay.[10] dan Yunani.[30]

Walau bagaimanapun, banyak negara ini menetapkan jenis dos yang dibenarkan dan cara pemerolehan yang diteirma dengan sah.[31]

Rujukan sunting

  1. ^ "Medicinal cannabis". Australian Prescriber. 38 (6): 212–5. December 2015. doi:10.18773/austprescr.2015.072. PMC 4674028. PMID 26843715.
  2. ^ "What is medical marijuana?". National Institute of Drug Abuse. July 2015. Dicapai pada 19 April 2016. The term medical marijuana refers to using the whole unprocessed marijuana plant or its basic extracts to treat a disease or symptom.
  3. ^ "The pharmacologic and clinical effects of medical cannabis" (PDF). Pharmacotherapy. 33 (2): 195–209. February 2013. doi:10.1002/phar.1187. PMID 23386598.
  4. ^ "Cannabinoids for Medical Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis". JAMA. 313 (24): 2456–73. 23 June 2015. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.6358. PMID 26103030.
  5. ^ "Medical Marijuana and Chronic Pain: a Review of Basic Science and Clinical Evidence". Current Pain and Headache Reports. 19 (10): 50. October 2015. doi:10.1007/s11916-015-0524-x. PMID 26325482.
  6. ^ "Cannabinoids in medicine: A review of their therapeutic potential". Journal of Ethnopharmacology (Review). 105 (1–2): 1–25. April 2006. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.180.308. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2006.02.001. PMID 16540272.
  7. ^ "Release the strains". Nature Medicine. 21 (9): 963. September 2015. doi:10.1038/nm.3946. PMID 26340110.
  8. ^ Consumer Reports (28 April 2016). "Up in Smoke: Does Medical Marijuana Work?". Consumer Reports. Dicapai pada 24 May 2016.
  9. ^ Jolly, William (February 28, 2018). "Medicinal Marijuana Legal In Australia". Canstar. Dicapai pada July 16, 2018.
  10. ^ a b c d e f Williams, Sean (15 May 2016). "10 Countries (Aside From the U.S.) Where Some Form of Medical Marijuana Is Legal". The Motley Fool. Dicapai pada 5 November 2017.
  11. ^ Ponieman, Natan (3 December 2019). "Brazil Regulates Sale Of Medical Marijuana Products". Benzinga. Dicapai pada 10 December 2019.
  12. ^ Veselica, Lajla (15 October 2015). "Croatia legalises marijuana for medical use". Yahoo News. AFP. Dicapai pada 4 November 2017.
  13. ^ "Cyprus begins to distribute medical cannabis". InCyprus. 22 May 2017. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 9 June 2017. Dicapai pada 11 November 2017.
  14. ^ "Legal status of cannabis in Finland – An overview". Sensi Seeds. Dicapai pada 4 November 2017.
  15. ^ Schwartz, Yardena (24 August 2017). "How the Booming Israeli Weed Industry Is Changing American Pot". Rollingstone.com. Dicapai pada 4 November 2017.
  16. ^ Samuels, Gabriel (26 July 2016). "Italian army aims to produce 'the best-quality' medical marijuana after finding current batches deficient". The Independent. Dicapai pada 4 November 2017.
  17. ^ Bud, Monterey (March 19, 2018). "Jamaica's Kaya Farms Becomes First Medical Marijuana Dispensary To Open". marijuana.com. Dicapai pada July 16, 2018.
  18. ^ Senthilingam, Meera (6 March 2017). "Germany joins the global experiment on marijuana legalization". CNN.com. Dicapai pada 4 November 2017.
  19. ^ "Lebanon Legalizes Cannabis Farming for Medicinal Use". The New York Times. Reuters. 21 April 2020. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2020-04-23. Dicapai pada 2021-02-26.
  20. ^ Pritchard, Heledd (June 29, 2018). "Cannabis for medical use legalised in Luxembourg". Luxembourg Times. Dicapai pada July 8, 2018.
  21. ^ Marusic, Sinisa Jakov (1 June 2016). "Macedonia Allows Medical Marijuana in Pharmacies". Balkan Insight. Dicapai pada 4 November 2017.
  22. ^ Pace, Maria (27 March 2018). "Malta has officially legalised medical cannabis". Malta Today. Dicapai pada 24 August 2018.
  23. ^ Ainge Roy, Eleanor (11 December 2018). "New Zealand passes laws to make medical marijuana widely available". The Guardian. Dicapai pada 20 January 2019.
  24. ^ Collyns, Dan (20 October 2017). "Peru legalises medical marijuana in move spurred by mother's home lab". The Guardian. Dicapai pada 4 Nov 2017.
  25. ^ "Medical use of cannabis officially legal in Poland". Radio Poland. PAP. 11 February 2017. Dicapai pada 4 November 2017.
  26. ^ Lamers, Matt (21 June 2018). "Portugal passes medical cannabis law, opens domestic market". Marijuana Business Daily. Dicapai pada 24 August 2018.
  27. ^ South Asia Regional Profile (PDF), United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 15 September 2005, dicapai pada 2 February 2019
  28. ^ Mosbergen, Dominique (25 December 2018). "Thailand Approves Medical Marijuana In Regional First". HuffPost. Dicapai pada 20 January 2019.
  29. ^ "Medicinal cannabis products to be legalised". BBC. 26 July 2018. Dicapai pada 28 July 2018.
  30. ^ Revesz, Rachael (3 July 2017). "Greece legalises marijuana for medical purposes". The Independent. Dicapai pada 4 November 2017.
  31. ^ Williams, Sean (15 May 2016). "10 Countries (Aside From the U.S.) Where Some Form of Medical Marijuana Is Legal". The Motley Fool. Dicapai pada 5 November 2017.
 

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