Guzheng

Guzheng (Bahasa Cina: 古箏code: zh is deprecated ; pinyin: gǔzhēng; secara harfiahnya "zheng lama") ialah sejenis alat muzik bertali yang lazim dalam budaya orang Cina. Ia berbadan panjang 1.6 meter dengan rongga diperbuat daripada kayu Paulownia serta dipasangkan dengan 21, 25 atau 26 utas tali yang terengang.

Ia ditala dalam skala pancanada (pentatonik) major. Ia sering dimainkan dengan suatu pemetik daripada bahan lama seperti cengkerang dan gading tetapi malah juga bahan seperti plastik.

Binaan tertua alat ini dijumpai pada 500 SM semasa Zaman Negeri-Negeri Berperang,^[1] ia kemudiannya menjadi masyhur semasa zaman Dinasti Qin antara 221 hingga 206 SM.

Binaan sunting

Badan sunting

Badan alat ini sering berhias mengikut citarasa pemain di mana ia boleh ada ukiran, saduran gewang, tampalan kepingan cengkerang dan jed malah juga lukisan dan seni khat.

Tali sunting

Alat-alat zheng ini dahulunya menggunakan tali sutera, namun wayar besi seperti loyang mula dipakai dalam pertengahan zaman Dinasti Qing (1644-1912).^[2]

Tali model guzheng moden lazim diperbuat daripada wayar keluli nipis bersalut nilon yang didapati menambahkan kedalaman bunyi yang dihasilkan sambil mengekalkan warna suara (timbre) ia.

Cara main sunting

Seorang wanita memainkan guzheng di Dublin, Republik Ireland.

Cara main guzheng terbahagi kepada dua gaya mengikut kawasan asal:^[2]

gaya utara: asal dari Henan, Shaanxi, Shandong dan Zhejiang.
gaya selatan: asal dari Chaozhou, Hakka dan Fujian.^[3]

Turunan sunting

Alat ini merupakan leluhur kepada seberapa alat muzik yang sama bentuk seperti:

Ralat petik: 'Tag <ref> tidak sah; rujukan tanpa nama mestilah mempunyai kandungan

di Jepun: koto,^[4]^[5]^[6]
di Korea: gayageum dan ajaeng,^[5]^[6]
Di Mongolia: yatga,^[6]
Di Vietnam: đàn tranh,^[5]^[6]
Sunda: kacapi
Di Kazakhstan: jetigen

Rujukan sunting

^ So, Jenny (2000). Music in the Age of Confucious. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. m/s. 152. ISBN 0-295-97953-4.
^ ^a ^b van Gulik, R.H. (1951). "Brief Note on the Cheng, the Chinese Small Cither". Toyo Ongaku Kenkyu : The Journal of the Society for the Research of Asiatic Music. 1951 (9): 10–25. doi:10.11446/toyoongakukenkyu1936.1951.en10.
^ Wong, Samuel Shengmiao (2005). Qi: An Instrumental Guide to the Chinese Orchestra. Singapura: TENG. m/s. 69–83.
^ Deal, William E. (2006). Handbook to life in medieval and early modern Japan. New York: Infobase Publishing. m/s. 266–267. ISBN 0-8160-5622-6.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Hugo's window on the world of Chinese zheng". Chime. Leiden: European Foundation for Chinese Music Research. 16–17: 242. 2005. Throughout the centuries, the zheng became the parent instrument of the Asian zither family as it spread from China to a number of adjacent countries giving birth to the Japanese koto, the Korean kayagum and the Vietnamese dan tranh.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Howard, Keith (1995). Korean musical instruments. Oxford University Press. m/s. 38. ISBN 978-0-19-586177-8. The kayagum, the most popular South Korean instrument, is a 12-string half-tube plucked zither (H/S 312.22.5) (Plate 7). It resembles the Chinese zheng, Mongolian yatga, Japanese koto, and Vietnamese dan tranh. All these instruments descend from a common model, the ancient zheng.

Bacaan lanjut sunting

Han Mei. "Zheng." In The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell (Oxford, 2001).^[1]
Dr Sun Zhuo (28 August 2015). The Chinese Zheng Zither: Contemporary Transformations. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. m/s. 253–. ISBN 978-1-4724-1667-4.

^ http://baike.so.com. Dicapai pada 2019-11-08. Missing or empty |title= (bantuan)

[Smithsonian-1] So, Jenny (2000). Music in the Age of Confucious. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. m/s. 152. ISBN 0-295-97953-4.

[vanGulik-2] van Gulik, R.H. (1951). "Brief Note on the Cheng, the Chinese Small Cither". Toyo Ongaku Kenkyu : The Journal of the Society for the Research of Asiatic Music. 1951 (9): 10–25. doi:10.11446/toyoongakukenkyu1936.1951.en10.

[Wong-3] Wong, Samuel Shengmiao (2005). Qi: An Instrumental Guide to the Chinese Orchestra. Singapura: TENG. m/s. 69–83.

[4] Deal, William E. (2006). Handbook to life in medieval and early modern Japan. New York: Infobase Publishing. m/s. 266–267. ISBN 0-8160-5622-6.

[chime-5] "Hugo's window on the world of Chinese zheng". Chime. Leiden: European Foundation for Chinese Music Research. 16–17: 242. 2005. Throughout the centuries, the zheng became the parent instrument of the Asian zither family as it spread from China to a number of adjacent countries giving birth to the Japanese koto, the Korean kayagum and the Vietnamese dan tranh.

[howard-6] Howard, Keith (1995). Korean musical instruments. Oxford University Press. m/s. 38. ISBN 978-0-19-586177-8. The kayagum, the most popular South Korean instrument, is a 12-string half-tube plucked zither (H/S 312.22.5) (Plate 7). It resembles the Chinese zheng, Mongolian yatga, Japanese koto, and Vietnamese dan tranh. All these instruments descend from a common model, the ancient zheng.

[7] ttp://baike.so.com. Dicapai pada 2019-11-08. Missing or empty |title= (bantuan)

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