Hannibal
Hannibal, anak lelaki Hamilcar Barca (247 SM – 183/182 SM) lebih dikenali sebagai Hǎnnibal) adalah seorang negarawan dan jeneral Carthage. Beliau merupakan musuh utama kepada Republik Rom. Beliau terkenal atas apa yang dilakukan di dalam Perang Punic Kedua. Beliau mara dengan sepasukan tentera dari Iberia merentasi pergunungan Pyrenees dan Alps ke dalam utara Itali dan mengalahkan Rom dalam satu siri pertempuran. Beliau meninggalkan sepasukan tentera di Itali buat beberapa tahun. Satu serangan Rom ke Afrika Utara membuatkan beliau kembali ke Carthage. Beliau kalah dan Rom membuatkan beliau terpaksa meninggalkan Carthage. Beliau tinggal di istana Seleucid, dan mempengaruhi maharaja bagi menentang Rom. Apabila beliau kalah dalam satu pertempuran di laut, Hannibal melarikan diri ke istana Bithynia. Apabila Rom menggesa beliau untuk menyerah, beliau kemudian membunuh diri.
Hannibal, anak lelaki kepada Hamilcar Barca | |
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Fail:HannibalTheCarthaginian.jpg | |
Kesetiaan | Carthage |
Pangkat | Jeneral, ketua komander tentera Carthage |
Pertempuran | Perang Punic Kedua: Pertempuran Tasik Trasimene, Pertempuran Trebia, Pertempuran Cannae, Pertempuran Zama |
Hannibal disenaraikan sebagai seorang komander tentera terulung dalam sejarah. Sejarawan tentera Theodore Ayrault Dodge pernah memanggil Hannibal sebagai "bapa strategi" kerana meskipun musuhnya, Rom, meniru idea-idea ketenteraan beliau.
Rujukan
sunting- ^ Lancel, Serge (1995) Hannibal cover: "Roman bust of Hannibal. Museo Archeologico Nazionale. Naples"
- ^ Goldsworthy, Adrian (2000) The Fall of Carthage cover: "Hannibal in later life"
- ^ Goldsworthy, Adrian (2001) Cannae p.24: "a bust which may be a representation of Hannibal in later life, although there are no definite images of him"
- ^ Goldsworthy, Adrian (2003) The Complete Roman Army p.41: "a bust that purports to show Hannibal in later life"
- ^ Matyszak, Philip (2003) Chronicle of the Roman Republic p.95: "bust, thought to be of Hannibal, found in Capua"
Bacaan lanjut
sunting- Bickerman, Elias J. "Hannibal’s Covenant", American Journal of Philology, Vol. 73, No. 1. (1952), pp. 1–23.
- Bradford, E, Hannibal, London, Macmillan London Ltd., 1981
- Caven, B., Punic Wars, London, George Werdenfeld and Nicholson Ltd., 1980
- Cottrell, Leonard, Hannibal: Enemy of Rome, Da Capo Press, 1992, ISBN 0-306-80498-0
- Daly, Gregory, Cannae: The Experience of Battle in the Second Punic War, London/New York, Routledge, 2002, ISBN 0-415-32743-1
- Delbrück, Hans, Warfare in Antiquity, 1920, ISBN 0-8032-9199-X
- Hoyos, Dexter: Hannibal's Dynasty: Power and Politics in the Western Mediterranean, 247–183 B.C. (Routledge: London & New York, 2003; paperback edition with maps, 2005) - has much discussion of strategy and warfare.
- Hoyos, Dexter, Hannibal: Rome's Greatest Enemy, Bristol Phoenix Press, 2005, ISBN 1-904675-46-8 (hbk) ISBN 1-904675-47-6 (pbk)
- Lamb, Harold, Hannibal: One Man Against Rome, 1959.
- Lancel, Serge, Hannibal, Blackwell Publishing, 1999, ISBN 0631218483
- Livius, diterjemahkan dalam b. Inggeris oleh De Selincourt, Aubery, The War with Hannibal: Books XXI-XXX of the History of Rome from its Foundation, Penguin Classics, Reprint edition, July 30, 1965, ISBN 0-14-044145-X (pbk)(also [1][pautan mati kekal])
- Prevas, John, Hannibal Crosses the Alps: The Invasion of Italy and the Second Punic War, 2001, ISBN 0306810700, questions which route he took
- Talbert, Richard J.A., ed., Atlas of Classical History, Routledge, London/New York, 1985, ISBN 0-415-03463-9
- Yardley, J.C. (translator) & Hoyos, D. (introduction, notes, maps and appendix on Hannibal's march over the Alps): Livy: Hannibal's War: Books 21 to 30 (Oxford World's Classics: Oxford Univ. Press, UK & USA, 2006).
- Dodge, Theodore. "Hannibal", Hannibal During the Second Punic War. New York: Barnes and Noble
domain awam: Chisholm, Hugh, penyunting (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (dalam bahasa Inggeris) (ed. ke-11). Cambridge University Press. Missing or empty |title=
(bantuan)
Pautan luar
suntingWikipetik mempunyai koleksi petikan mengenai: Hannibal |
- The Biography of Hannibal Diarkibkan 2011-05-14 di Wayback Machine
- Hannibal by Jacob Abbott
- Hannibal's life by Cornelius Nepos, latin transcription and translation to German
- National Geographic Channel Documentary: Hannibal v Rome Part I Diarkibkan 2009-11-29 di Wayback Machine and Part II Diarkibkan 2009-11-29 di Wayback Machine