Jan van Eyck

Jan van Eyck (atau Johannes de Eyck) (Belanda: [ˈjɑn vɑn ˈɛjk]; sebelum c. 1390 – sebelum c. 9 Julai 1441) merupakan pelukis orang Flemish yang aktif di Bruges dan kini dianggap sebagai salah seorang pelukis Awal Netherlandish paling penting pada abad ke-15. Beberapa rekod yang terselamat menunjukkan bahawa dia dilahirkan sekitar 1390, kemungkinan besarnya di Maaseik. Selain kerja yang disiapkan bersama saudaranya Hubert van Eyck dan yang disandarkan pada Hand G —dipercayai sebagai Jan— bagi "Turin-Milan Hours" manuskrip bergambar, hanya 23 karya yang terselamat disandarkan dengan yakin pada dirinya, dari mana sepuluh, termasuk lukisan altar Ghent, ditandatangani dan bertarikh.

Hanya sedikit yang diketahui mengenai kehidupan awal beliau, tetapi kemunculannya sebagai pelukis yang dikumpul pada umumnya bermula berikutan perlantikan beliau ke istana "Philip the Good" c. 1425, dan dari tempoh ini aktivitinya direkodkan dengan agak baik. Van Eyck pernah berkhidmat dengan John Bavaria-Straubing , ketika itu pemerintah Belanda , Hainault dan Zeeland. Pada masa ini van Eyck telah membentuk bengkelnya dan terlibat dalam penghiasan semula istana Binnenhof di The Hague. Selepas kematian John pada tahun 1425 beliau berpindah ke Bruges dan mendapat perhatian Philip the Good. Beliau berkhidmat sebagai artis istana dan diplomat dan menjadi ahli kanan persatuan pelukis Tournai, di mana beliau mendapat bergaul dengan artis terkenal seperti Robert Campin dan Rogier van der Weyden. Lebih sedekad yang berikutnya reputasi dan keupayaan teknikal van Eyck meningkat, kebanyakannya dari pendekatan inovatif ke arah bagi mengendalikan dan memanipulasi cat minyak. Pendekatan bersifat revolusi nya pada minyak sehinggakan mitos, yang diteruskan oleh Giorgio Vasari, timbul bahawa dia telah mencipta lukisan minyak.^[1]^[2]

Nota sunting

^ The myth was propagated by Karel van Mander. In fact oil painting as a technique for painting wood statues and other objects is much older and Theophilus Presbyter (Roger of Helmarshausen?) clearly gives instructions in his 1125 treatise, On Divers Arts. It is accepted that the van Eyck brothers were among the earliest Early Netherlandish painters to employ it for detailed panel paintings and that they achieved new and unforeseen effects through the use of glazes, wet-on-wet and other techniques. See Gombrich, E.H., The Story of Art, pp 236-9. Phaidon, 1995. ISBN 0-7148-3355-X
^ Borchert, 92-94

Sumber sunting

Ainsworth, Maryan; Christiansen, Keith (eds). From Van Eyck to Bruegel Early Netherlandish Painting in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1998. ISBN 0-300-08609-1
Bol, L.J. Jan Van Eyck. reprint: Barnes & Noble Art Series
Borchert, Till-Holger. Van Eyck. London: Taschen, 2008. ISBN 3-8228-5687-8
Borchert, Till-Holger ed. Age of Van Eyck: The Mediterranean World and Early Netherlandish Painting. Exh. cat. Groeningemuseum, Stedelijke Musea Brugge. Bruges: Luidon, 2002
Campbell, Lorne. The Fifteenth Century Netherlandish Schools. London: National Gallery Publications, 1998. ISBN 1-85709-171-X
Foister, Susan, Sue Jones and Delphine Cool, eds. Investigating Jan van Eyck. Turnhout: Brepols, 2000.
Friedländer, Max J. Early Netherlandish Painting. Translated by Heinz Norden. Leiden: Praeger, 1967-76. ASIN B0006BQGOW
Graham, Jenny. Inventing van Eyck: The remaking of an artist for the modern age. Oxford and New York: Berg, 2007
Harbison, Craig. Jan van Eyck: The Play of Realism. Reaktion Books, 1997. ISBN 0-948462-79-5
Kemperdick, Stephan. The Early Portrait, from the Collection of the Prince of Liechtenstein and the Kunstmuseum Basel. Munich: Prestel, 2006. ISBN 3-7913-3598-7
Macfall, Haldane. "A History of Painting: The Renaissance in the North and the Flemish Genius Part Four". Whitefish, Montana: Kessinger Publishing, 2004. 15. ISBN 1-4179-4509-5
Pächt, Otto. Van Eyck and the Founders of Early Netherlandish Painting. New York: Harvey Miller, 1994. ISBN 1-872501-81-8
Panofsky, Erwin. Early Netherlandish Painting. London: Harper Collins, 1971. ISBN 0-06-430002-1
Smith, Jeffrey. The Northern Renaissance (Art and Ideas). London: Phaidon Press, 2004. ISBN 0-7148-3867-5
Thomas Köster, with contributions by Lars Röper. 50 Artists You Should Know. Munich - Berlin - London - New York: Prestel, 2006. ISBN 3-7913-3716-5

Pautan luar sunting

A Closer Look at Jan van Eyck's Virgin and Child with Chancellor Rolin (Louvre museum)
Centre for the Study of Fifteenth-Century Painting in the Southern Netherlands and the Principality of Liège^{[pautan mati kekal]} List of works
Jan van Eyck Gallery at MuseumSyndicate
Flemish Art Collection: Madonna with Canon Joris van der Paele, a masterpiece by van Eyck
Closer to Van Eyck (The Ghent Altarpiece in 100 billion pixels)
Petrus Christus: Renaissance master of Bruges, a full text exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art, which contains lengthy discussions of Jan van Eyck, as well as many reproductions of his work

Templat:Van Eyck

[1] The myth was propagated by Karel van Mander. In fact oil painting as a technique for painting wood statues and other objects is much older and Theophilus Presbyter (Roger of Helmarshausen?) clearly gives instructions in his 1125 treatise, On Divers Arts. It is accepted that the van Eyck brothers were among the earliest Early Netherlandish painters to employ it for detailed panel paintings and that they achieved new and unforeseen effects through the use of glazes, wet-on-wet and other techniques. See Gombrich, E.H., The Story of Art, pp 236-9. Phaidon, 1995. ISBN 0-7148-3355-X

[2] Borchert, 92-94

[1]

[2]

Persondata
Nama	Eyck, Jan Van
Nama alternatif
Pemerihalan ringkas	pelukis
Tarikh kelahiran	c. 1395
Tempat kelahiran	kemungkinan Maaseik, Burgundian Netherlands
Tarikh kematian	sebelum 9 Julai 1441
Tempat kematian	Bruges, Burgundian Netherlands