Kancah Amerika (Perang Dunia II)

Kancah Amerika[1] adalah kancah operasi semasa Perang Dunia II termasuk seluruh wilayah Benua Amerika, dan meluas 200 batu (320 km) ke lautan.

Kancah Amerika
Sebahagian daripada Perang Dunia II

Seorang Pengawal Pantai Amerika Syarikat sedang bertugas di Alaska semasa Perang Dunia II
Tarikh1939–1945
Lokasi
Keputusan

Kemenangan Pihak Bersekutu


  • Objektif kuasa Paksi gagal atau tidak mempengaruhi kesudahan konflik ini.
Pihak yang terlibat
Pihak Bersekutu:
 Amerika Syarikat
 Kanada
 United Kingdom
Brazil Brazil
 Mexico
Cuba Cuba
 Chile
 Peru
 Panama
 Colombia
 Nicaragua
Costa Rica Costa Rica
 El Salvador
 Honduras
 Guatemala
Argentina Argentina (dari 1945)
Kuasa Paksi:
 Jerman Nazi
 Jepun
Itali
Kerugian dan korban
20,000 terkorban, 45,000 cedera, 100 ditawan[perlu rujukan]

Oleh kerana pemisahan geografi Amerika Utara dan Selatan daripada pusat kancah konflik (di Eropah, Mediterranean dan Timur Tengah, dan Pasifik) ancaman pencerobohan negara A.S. atau kawasan lain di benua Amerika oleh Kuasa Paksi telah diabaikan dan kancah tersebut menyaksikan konflik yang agak kecil.

Namun, walaupun tidak pentingnya Kancah Amerika, beberapa pertempuran berlaku didalamnya, seperti Pertempuran Sungai Plate, serangan kapal selam di luar Pantai Timur, Kempen Kepulauan Aleutian, Pertempuran St. Lawrence, dan serangan terhadap Newfoundland. Kerja-kerja pengintipan termasuklah Operasi Bolívar.

Nota sunting

Petikan karya sunting

  • Barone, João (2013). 1942: O Brasil e sua guerra quase desconhecida [1942: Brazil and its almost Forgotten War] (dalam bahasa Portugis). Rio de Janeiro. ISBN 978-85-209-3394-7.
  • Beebe, Dean (1996). Cargo of Lies: The True Story of a Nazi Double Agent in Canada. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-0731-7.
  • Carey, Alan C. (2004). Galloping Ghosts of the Brazilian Coast. Lincoln, NE USA: iUniverse, Inc. ISBN 978-0-595-31527-7.
  • Carruthers, Bob (2011). The U-Boat War in the Atlantic: Volume III: 1944–1945. Coda Books. ISBN 978-1-78159-161-1.
  • Maximiano, Cesar Campiani; Neto, Ricardo Bonalume (2011). Brazilian Expeditionary Force in World War II. Long Island City: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84908-483-3.
  • Morison, Samuel Eliot. (1947). History of United States Naval Operations in World War II: The Battle of the Atlantic; September 1939 – May 1943. Boston: Little Brown. ISBN 978-0-252-06963-5. Dicapai pada 8 November 2017.
  • O'Hara, Vincent (2004). The German fleet at war, 1939–1945. Naval Institute Press.
  • Votaw, Homer C. (1950–51). The Brazilian Navy in World War II. US Government Printing Office; Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of US Congress, Volume 96, Part 8.Senate and Military Review, Volume XXX, Number X.

Bacaan lanjut sunting

  • Dobbs, Michael. Saboteurs: The Nazi Raid on America ISBN 0-375-41470-3 (2004)
  • Duffy, J.P. Target: America: Hitler's Plan to Attack the United States, Praeger Publishers; PB: The Lyons Press ISBN 0275966844 (A Booklist review)
  • Gimpel, Erich. Agent 146: The True Story of a Nazi Spy in America ISBN 0-312-30797-7 (2003)
  • Griehl, Manfred. Luftwaffe over America: The Secret Plans to Bomb the United States in World War II ISBN 1-85367-608-X (2004)
  • Hadley, Michael (1985). U-Boats Against Canada: German Submarines in Canadian Waters. McGill Queens University Press. ISBN 0-7735-0801-5.
  • Horn, Steve (2005), The Second Attack on Pearl Harbor: Operation K And Other Japanese Attempts to Bomb America in World War II, Naval Institute Press, ISBN 1-59114-388-8
  • Mikesh, Robert C. Japan's World War II Balloon Bomb Attacks on North America, Smithsonian Institution Press, (1973)
  • Kesich, Gregory D. (April 13, 2003), "1944: When spies came to Maine", Portland Press Herald, diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2007-09-22, dicapai pada 2007-12-09
  • O'Donnell, Pierce, In Time of War: Hitler's Terrorist Attack on America (Operation Pastorius), The New Press, 2005 ISBN 978-1-56584-958-7
  • Webber, Bert. Silent Siege: Japanese Attacks Against North America in World War II, Ye Galleon Press, Fairfield, Washington (1984). ISBN 0-87770-315-9 (hardcover). ISBN 0-87770-318-3 (paperbound).

Pautan luar sunting