Kanser pundi kencing
Kanser pundi kencing ialah mana-mana daripada beberapa jenis kanser yang timbul daripada tisu pundi kencing.[1] Gejala termasuk darah dalam air kencing, sakit semasa membuang air kecil, dan sakit pinggang.[1] Ia disebabkan apabila sel epitelium yang melapisi pundi kencing menjadi malignan.[2]
Rujukan sunting
- ^ a b "Bladder Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)–Patient Version - National Cancer Institute". www.cancer.gov (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 2020-05-11. Dicapai pada 2020-06-04.
- ^ Heyes S.M., Prior K.N., Whitehead D., Bond M.J. Toward an Understanding of Patients' and Their Partners' Experiences of Bladder Cancer. Cancer Nurs.. 2020;43(5):E254-E263. doi:10.1097/NCC.0000000000000718
Pautan luar sunting
- Kanser pundi kencing di Curlie
- Clinically reviewed bladder cancer information for patients, from Cancer Research UK
- Cancer.Net: Bladder Cancer
- EORTC calculator for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer risk stratification