Kognisi haiwan

Kognisi haiwan ialah kajian keupayaan mental haiwan. Kajian ini telah berkembang daripada psikologi perbandingan, termasuk kajian penyesuaian dan pembelajaran haiwan, tetapi juga telah sangat dipengaruhi oleh penyelidikan dalam etologi, ekologi tingkah laku, dan psikologi evolusi. Nama alternatif, etologi kognisi, lalu, kadang-kadang digunakan; yang kebanyakannya dahulu dianggap di bawah tajuk kecerdasan haiwan kini difikirkan di bawah tajuk ini.^[1]

Fail:Washoe chimpanzee.jpg

Washoe, seekor cimpanzi am betina yang merupakan bukan manusia pertama untuk berkomunikasi menggunakan bahasa isyarat Amerika, sebagai sebahagian daripada uji kaji penyelidikan tentang pemerolehan bahasa haiwan.

Penyelidikan telah memeriksa kognisi haiwan pada mamalia (terutamanya primat, setasea, gajah, anjing, kucing, kuda,^[2]^[3] rakun dan rodensia), burung (termasuk nuri, corvid dan merpati), reptilia (biawak dan ular), ikan dan invertebrat (termasuk sefalopod, labah-labah dan serangga).^[1]

Lihat juga sunting

Rujukan sunting

^ ^a ^b Shettleworth, S.J. (2010). Cognition, Evolution and Behavior (ed. 2). Oxford Press, New York.
^ Krueger, K. dan Heinze, J. (2008). "Horse sense: social status of horses (Equus caballus) affects their likelihood of copying other horses` behavior" (PDF). Animal Cognition. 11 (3): 431–439. doi:10.1007/s10071-007-0133-0.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Krueger, K., Farmer, K. dan Heinze, J. (2013). "The effects of age, rank and neophobia on social learning in horses" (PDF). Animal Cognition.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Bacaan lanjut sunting

Brown, M.F., & Cook, R.G. (Eds.). (2006). Animal Spatial Cognition: Comparative, Neural, and Computational Approaches. [On-line]. Available: www.pigeon.psy.tufts.edu/asc/
Goodall, J. (1991). Through a window. London: Penguin.
Griffin, D. R. (1992). Animal minds. Chicago: Akhbar Universiti Chicago.
Hilgard, E. R. (1958). Theories of learning, 2nd edn. London: Methuen.
Neisser, U. (1967). Cognitive psychology. New York, Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Romanes, G. J. (1886). Animal intelligence, 4th edn. London: Kegan Paul, Trench.
Shettleworth, S. J. (1998) (2010,2nd ed). Cognition, evolution and behavior. New York: Akhbar Universiti Oxford.
Skinner, B. F. (1969). Contingencies of reinforcement: a theoretical analysis. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Narby, Jeremy. (2005) Intelligence In Nature. New York: Penguin.
Lurz, Robert W. (2009) Mindreading Animals: The Debate over What Animals Know about Other Minds. The MIT Press.

Pautan luar sunting

The limits of intelligence Douglas Fox, Scientific American, 14 Jun 2011.
"Animal Cognition" article by Kristin Andrews in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
"Animal Consciousness" article by Colin Allen in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Animal Cognition Network Diarkibkan 2008-05-09 di Wayback Machine
Templat:IEP
Center for Avian Cognition University of Nebraska (Alan Kamil, Alan Bond)

Templat:Kognisi haiwan Templat:Komunikasi haiwan Templat:Bahasa beruk besar

[Shettleworth-1] Shettleworth, S.J. (2010). Cognition, Evolution and Behavior (ed. 2). Oxford Press, New York.

[Krueger_heinze_2008-2] Krueger, K. dan Heinze, J. (2008). "Horse sense: social status of horses (Equus caballus) affects their likelihood of copying other horses` behavior" (PDF). Animal Cognition. 11 (3): 431–439. doi:10.1007/s10071-007-0133-0.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[Krueger_farmer_heinze_2008-3] Krueger, K., Farmer, K. dan Heinze, J. (2013). "The effects of age, rank and neophobia on social learning in horses" (PDF). Animal Cognition.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

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