Sinar gama: Perbezaan antara semakan

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SieBot (bincang | sumb.)
k bot menambah: lij:Raggi gamma
Xqbot (bincang | sumb.)
k bot menambah: mn:Гамма цацраг; perubahan kosmetik
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'''Sinar gama''' (diwakili sebagai [[gama|γγ]]) merupakan bentuk [[sinaran elektromagnet]] (EMR) atau [[foton|pancaran cahaya]] bagi frekuensi khas dihasilkan dari interaksi zarah [[atom|sub-atom]], seperti [[pelupusan elektron-positron]] dan [[penguraian radioaktif]]; kebanyakannya dihasilkan dari reaksi nuklear yang berlaku dalam medium antara bintang angkasa.
 
Pancaran gamma biasanya dicirikan sebagai EMR, mempunyai frekuensi dan tenaga tertinggi, dan juga panjang gelombang terpendek, dalam spektrum [[sinaran elektromagnet]], ''contoh,'' [[foton]] berkuasa tinggi. Disebabkan kandungan tenaga tinggi ini, ia mampu menyebabkan kerosakan serius apabila diserap oleh tisu hidup.
 
== Sejarah ==
Sinar gamma dijumpai oleh ahli kimia dan fizik Perancis [[Paul Ulrich Villard]] pada tahun 1900, semasa dia sedang mengkaji [[uranium]]. Berkerja dengan jabatan kimia di ''École Normale Supérieure'' di rue d'Ulm, [[Paris]] dengan peralatan dibina sendiri, dia mendapati bahawa sinaran ini tidak dapat dipesongkan oleh [[medan magnet]].
 
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In 1914, [[Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson|Ernest Rutherford]] and [[Edward Andrade]] showed that gamma rays were a form of electromagnetic radiation by measuring their wavelengths using [[X-ray crystallography|crystal diffraction]]. The measured wavelengths were similar to those of X-rays and are very short, in the range of 10<sup>-11</sup> m to 10<sup>-14</sup> m. It was [[Paul Ulrich Villard]] who coined the name 'gamma rays', in keeping with Rutherford's naming of 'alpha' and 'beta' radiation; the individual natures of the different rays were unknown at that time.
 
Gamma-ray astronomy did not develop until it was possible to get detectors above all or most of the atmosphere, using balloons or spacecraft. The first gamma-ray telescope, carried into orbit on the Explorer XI satellite in 1961, picked up fewer than 100 cosmic gamma-ray photons. Perhaps the most spectacular discovery in gamma-ray astronomy came in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Detectors on board the [[Vela (satellite)|Vela satellite]] series, originally military satellites, began to record bursts of these rays, not from Earth, but from deep space.<ref>[[NASA]] EM spectrum infopage &ndash; http://imagers.gsfc.nasa.gov/ems/gamma.html</ref>
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== Pautan luar ==
* [http://www.rerf.or.jp/eigo/radefx/basickno/whatis.htm Basic reference on several types of radiation]
* [http://www.meds.com/pdq/radio.html Medical-related information on gamma radiation]
* [http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Therapy/radiation Radiation Q & A]
* [http://www.gcsechemistry.com/pwav46.htm GCSE information]
* [http://www.saic.com/products/security/relocatable-vacis/relocatable-vacis-faq.html Radiation facts]
* [http://www.physics.isu.edu/radinf Radiation information]
* [http://www.astro.caltech.edu/~ejb/faq.html Gamma ray bursts]
* [http://nucleardata.nuclear.lu.se/NuclearData/toi/ The Lund/LBNL Nuclear Data Search] - Contains information on gamma-ray energies from isotopes.
* [http://grapevine.com.au/~pbeirwirth/gamma.html Mapping soils with airborne detectors]
 
{{EMSpectrum}}
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[[hu:Gamma-sugárzás]]
[[ml:ഗാമാ കിരണം]]
[[mn:Гамма цацраг]]
[[nl:Gammastraling]]
[[ja:ガンマ線]]