Kereta Api Bawah Tanah Beijing: Perbezaan antara semakan

Kandungan dihapus Kandungan ditambah
SieBot (bincang | sumb.)
Zamwan (bincang | sumb.)
buang bahagian yg tidak dialih bahasa
Baris 19:
}}
 
[[Image:Beijing Metro-07-a4.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Peta BeijingLaluan SubwayBawah Tanah Beijing di China tetapi mengikut skala]]
'''BeijingLaluan SubwayBawah Tanah Beijing''' ({{zh-stp|s=北京地铁|t=北京地鐵|p=Běijīng Dìtiě}}) merupakan rangkaian landasan transitpengangkutan rapidpantas yang beroperasi di daerah perbandaran dan sub-perbandaran di Majlis Perbandaran Beijing. Ia mempunyai 5 lorong, meliputi 142 km bagi laluan trek dan 83 stesen<ref>Terdapat 93 stesen untuk menghubungkan stesen dengan persimpangan selepas dikira bersama</ref> kini dalam pengoperasian dan dapat menampung sekurang-kurangnya 3.4 juta sehari,<ref>http://www.china.com.cn/tech/txt/2008-05/29/content_15533051.htm</ref> BeijingLaluan SubwayBawah Tanah Beijing ialah yang tersibuk di tanah besar China, dan kedua terpanjang selepas [[ShanghaiLaluan SubwayBawah Tanah Shanghai]]. Seramai 4.3 juta penumpang direkodkan pada [[30 April]] [[2008]].<ref> http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-05/09/content_8136610.htm</ref> Rangkaian ini tidak memadai bagi memenuhi keperluan transit massa di bandar raya dan sedang berada dalam projek penambahan landasan bagi [[Sukan Olimpik 2008]] dan masa depan. Pelan yang dirancang membuka peluang kepada 19 lorong dan 561 km bagi laluan trek dalam pengoperasiannya pada [[2015]].<ref>http://intl.2008.cctv.com/html/article/20080121/153232.shtml</ref>
 
==LaluanRujukan==
[[Image:Beijingsubway2007.png|thumb|center|600px|Beijing Subway sepertimana pada 07-10-2007 (Tidak Berskala)]]
{| cellpadding="5" style="margin: 0px auto; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: center;" class="wikitable"
|-
! width="100"|Laluan dan Warna
! width="220"|Terminal (Wilayah)
! Lorong<br>dibuka
! Fasa terbaru<br>ditambah
! Panjang (km)
! Stesen (permukaan stesen)
! Pemindahan
|-
|style="background:red; color:white" | '''[[Line 1, Beijing Subway|Line 1]]'''
| '''[[Pingguoyuan]]''' ([[Wilayah Shijingshan|Shijingshan]]) - '''[[Sihuidong]]''' ([[Wilayah Chaoyang|Chaoyang]])
| 1981
| 2006
| 30.4
| 23 (2)
| '''[[Line 2, Beijing Subway|2]]''', '''[[Line 5, Beijing Subway|5]]''', '''[[Line Batong, Beijing Subway|Batong]]'''
|-
| style="background:red; color:white"| '''[[Line Batong, Beijing Subway|Batong Line]]'''
| '''[[Sihui]]''' ([[Wilayah Chaoyang|Chaoyang]]) - '''[[Tuqiao]]''' ([[Wilayah Tongzhou|Tongzhou]])
| 1999
| 2000
| 18.9
| 13 (13)
| '''[[Line 1, Beijing Subway|1]]'''
|-
| style="background:blue; color:white"| '''[[Line 2, Beijing Subway|Line 2 (Loop)]]'''
| Loop line through '''[[Stesen Kereta Api Beijing]]''' ([[Wilayah Dongcheng|Dongcheng]])
| 1981
| 1987
| 23.1
| 18 (0)
| '''[[Line 1, Beijing Subway|1]]''', '''[[Line 5, Beijing Subway|5]]''', '''[[Line 13, Beijing Subway|13]]'''
|-
| style="background:purple; color:white "|'''[[Line 5, Beijing Subway|Line 5]]'''
| '''[[Tiantongyuanbei]]''' ([[Wilayah Changping|Changping]]) - '''[[Songjiazhuang]]''' ([[Wilayah Fengtai|Fengtai]])
| 2007
|
| 27.6
| 23 (7)
| | '''[[Line 1, Beijing Subway|1]]''', '''[[Line 2, Beijing Subway|2]]''', '''[[Line 13, Beijing Subway|13]]'''
|-
| style="background:orange; color:white"| '''[[Line 13, Beijing Subway|Line 13]]'''
| '''[[Xizhimen]]''' ([[Wilayah Xicheng|Xicheng]])- '''[[Dongzhimen]]''' ([[Wilayah Dongcheng|Dongcheng]])
| 2004
|
| 40.9
| 16 (14)
| '''[[Line 2, Beijing Subway|2]]''', '''[[Line 5, Beijing Subway|5]]'''
|-
|}
 
==Harga==
A flat fare of '''[[Renminbi|RMB(¥)]] 2.00''' with unlimited transfers applies throughout the metro system. This flat fare will also apply to all future lines except the planned Airport Line. Children less than 1.2m in height who are accompanied by a paying adult may ride for free.<ref> http://en.beijing2008.cn/news/olympiccities/beijing/n214393841.shtml</ref>
 
[[Image:Yikatong.jpg|thumb|right|180px|The ''[[Yikatong]]'' card]]
 
All lines now collect fares through an automatic fare collection system (AFC) which accepts single-ride electronic tickets and the [[Beijing SuperPass]] or ''[[Yikatong]]'', an [[integrated circuit card]] (ICC card) that commuters use to purchase and store credit for multiple rides. Riders can purchase tickets and add credit to ''Yikatong'' at ticket counters and vending machines in every station. ''Yikatong'' is also accepted on many city buses. The use of paper tickets, which were hand checked by clerks, was phased out on [[June 9]], [[2008]].<ref>http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-06/09/content_8329663.htm</ref>.
 
Before the flat fare was introduced on [[October 7]], [[2007]], fares ranged from [[Renminbi|¥]]3 to [[Renminbi|¥]]5, depending on line and number of transfers.
 
== Waktu Operasi ==
The subway system is closed in the evenings after midnight. The first trains depart terminals at around 5 a.m. and the last trains depart terminals at around 10:45 p.m. For precise hours and frequency of service, check the official schedule [http://www.bjsubway.com/chinese_ver/cczn/TimeTable.asp].
 
== Laluan yang beroperasi ==
===Laluan 1===
{{main|Line 1, Beijing Subway}}[[Image:Tian'anmen East.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Tian'anmen East Station on Line 1]]
Line 1 bisects the city horizontally, running east-west in nearly a straight line beneath the grand [[Chang'an Avenue]]. It begins in [[Pingguoyuan]], at the foot of the [[Western Hills]] in heart of the industrial [[Shijingshan District]] and runs west, past the [[Military Museum of the Chinese People's Revolution|Military Museum]] in [[Haidian District]] and the banking center of [[Xidan]] in [[Xicheng District]] before reaching [[Tiananmen Square]] in the heart of the city. After stops on either side of the Square, Line 1 continues east, passing major the shopping thoroughfares [[Wangfujing]] and [[Dongdan]] in [[Dongcheng District]], before entering the [[Beijing CBD]] of [[Chaoyang District]], where the [[Silk Street]] at [[Yonganli]] and office towers at [[China World Trade Center|Guomao]] attract large numbers of foreign visitors and expatriates. Line 1 terminates at [[Sihuidong]] (Sihui East), in a residential neighborhood just beyond the [[Fourth Ring Road]], but passengers connecting to the Batong Line can head further east, to the suburban district of [[Tongzhou District|Tongzhou]].
 
Current Line 1 stations: Pingguoyuan, Guchenglu, Bajiao Amusement Park, Babaoshan, Yuquanlu, Wukesong, Wanshoulu, Gongzhufen, Junshibowuguan, Muxidi, Nanlishilu, Fuxingmen (interchange to Line 2), Xidan, Tian'anmen West, Tian'anmen East, Wangfujing, Dongdan (interchange to Line 5), Jianguomen (interchange to Line 2), Yong'anli, Guomao, Dawanglu, Sihui (interchange to Batong Line) and Sihuidong (interchange to Batong Line).
 
Rolling stock maintenance facilities are located at Guchenglu and Sihui.
 
[[Image:Beijing Subway Shuangqiao BT New Trainset.jpg|thumb|260px|A SFX01/02 train is approaching Shuangqiao Station over the [[Jingtong Expressway]] (Batong Line).]]
 
===Laluan Batong===
{{main|Line Batong, Beijing Subway}}
The Batong Line, extends Line 1 from [[Sihui]], a highway cloverleaf in [[Chaoyang District]] to [[Tuqiao]] in the eastern suburban district of [[Tongzhou District|Tongzhou]]. The line derives its name from the first characters of Bawangfan (八王坟), the neighborhood name for Sihui, and Tongzhou (通州). The Batong Line is completely above ground and runs mostly in the median of the [[Jingtong Expressway]].
 
Current Batong Line stations: Sihui (interchange to Line 1), Sihuidong (interchange to Line 1), Gaobeidian, Broadcasting Institute, Shuangqiao, Guanzhuang, Baliqiao, Tongzhoubeiyuan, Guoyuan, Jiukeshu, Liyuan, Linheli and Tuqiao.
 
The rolling stock maintenance facility is located at Tuqiao.
 
===Laluan 2 (Loop Line)===
{{main|Line 2, Beijing Subway}}
[[Image:20030510234628 - 北京站.jpg|thumb|320px|right|Entrance to subway Line 2 stop(foreground) at the [[Beijing Railway Station]] (background).]]
 
Line 2 runs in a rectangular loop around the city centre, tracing the [[Ming Dynasty]] [[Beijing city wall|inner city wall]], which was demolished and paved over by the [[2nd Ring Road]] and Qianmen Avenue. The entire line runs underground. Twelve of the eighteen stations are named after city gates. These stations end in ''men'' (meaning gate) with two in the north ([[Deshengmen]], [[Andingmen]]), three each in the east ([[Dongzhimen]], [[Chaoyangmen]], [[Jianguomen]]) and west ([[Xizhimen]], [[Fuchengmen]], [[Fuxingmen]]), and four in the south ([[Xuanwumen]], [[Hepingmen]], [[Qianmen]], [[Chongwenmen]]). Line 2 encircles the old city center districts of [[Dongcheng District| Dongcheng]] and [[Xicheng District|Xicheng]] and skirts the northern of edges of [[Chongwen District| Chongwen]] and [[Xuanwu District| Xuanwu]].
 
[[Image:Beijing subway.JPG|thumb|200px|right|A DK16-series train on Line 2.]]
 
Current Line 2 stations: Xizhimen (interchange with [[Line 13 (Beijing Subway)|Line 13]], Chegongzhuang, Fuchengmen, Fuxingmen (interchange with [[Line 1 (Beijing Subway)|Line 1]]), Changchunjie, Xuanwumen, Hepingmen, Qianmen, Chongwenmen, [[Beijing Railway Station]], Jianguomen (interchange with [[Line 1 (Beijing Subway)|Line 1]]), Chaoyangmen, Dongsishitiao, Dongzhimen (interchange with [[Line 13, Beijing Subway|Line 13]]), Yonghegong (interchange with [[Line 5 Beijing Subway|Line 5]]), Andingmen, Guloudajie and Jishuitan.
 
The rolling stock maintenance facility is located at Taipinghu, near Jishuitan station.
 
 
===Laluan 5===
{{main|Line 5, Beijing Subway}}
 
[[Image:BJ-Line5-Dongdan-Platform.JPG|thumb|right|260px|Line 5 platform at Dongdan station, with [[platform screen doors]]]]
 
On a map, [[Line 5, Beijing Subway|Line 5]] runs vertically, beginning with three stops in the far northern suburb of [[Tiantongyuan]] in [[Changping District]], well beyond the [[5th Ring Road]], then crossing [[Line 13 (Beijing Subway)|Line 13]] at [[Lishuiqiao]], and entering into the vast residential swaths of [[Chaoyang District]] on either side of the [[Khanbaliq|Yuan dynasty city wall]]. It skirts east of the [[Temple of Earth]] and meets [[Line 2 (Beijing Subway)|Line 2]] Loop at the [[Yonghegong]], also known as the [[Lama Temple]]. Then Line 5 cuts through the old neighborhoods of [[Dongcheng District]] and the old foreign [[Beijing Legation Quarter|Legation Quarter]] between [[Dongdan]] and [[Chongwenmen]]. Further south, Line 5 stops at the eastern entrance to the [[Temple of Heaven]] in [[Chongwen District]] and eventually reaches [[Songjiazhuang]] in [[Fengtai District]] south of the city. It takes 49 minutes to cover all the 23 stations. The [[Zhang Zizhong]] Street station, named after a general martyred in [[World War Two]], is the only [[eponym]]ous station of the Beijing Subway.
 
Line 5 stations: [[Tiantongyuanbei]] (Tiantongyuan North), [[Tiantongyuan]], [[Tiantongyuannan]] (Tiantongyuan South), [[Lishuiqiao]] (Lishui Bridge)(interchange with Line 13), [[Lishuiqiaonan]] (Lishui Bridge South), [[Beiyuanlubei]] (Beiyuan Road North), [[Datunludong]] (Datun Road East), [[Huixinxijiebeikou]] (Huixin West Street North Intersection), [[Huixinxijienankou]] ((Huixin West Street South Intersection) (interchange with Line 10), [[Hepingxiqiao]], [[Hepinglibeijie]] (Hepingli North Street), [[Yonghegong]] (Yonghe Lamasery)(interchange with Line 2), [[Beixinqiao]], [[Zhangzizhonglu]] ([[Zhang Zizhong]] Road), [[Dongsi]], [[Dengshikou]], [[Dongdan]] (interchange with Line 1), [[Chongwenmen]] (interchange with Line 2), [[Ciqikou]], [[Tiantan Dongmen]] ([[Temple of Heaven]] East Gate), [[Puhuangyu]], [[Liujiayao]], [[Songjiazhuang]] (interchange with Line 10).
 
===Laluan 13===
[[Image:Beijing Subway Longze station.jpg‎|thumb|300px|Longze Station (Line 13)]]
 
{{main|Line 13, Beijing Subway}}
Line 13 arcs north of the city centre and connects residential suburbs in [[Haidian District|Haidian]] and [[Chaoyang District|Chaoyang]] Districts with the [[2nd Ring Road]] and [[Line 2 (Beijing Subway)|Line 2]] at [[Xizhimen]] and [[Dongzhimen]]. Most of the tracks and stations are located on the surface or elevated above ground. From Xizhimen, Line 13 heads northwest into the university district with bustling stops in [[Wudaokou]] and [[Zhichunlu]] before turning northeast and eastward, following the [[Jingbao railway|Beijing-Baotou rail line]], before reaching [[Beiyuan]] where it curls southwest onto the [[Jingcheng Expressway|Beijing Chengde Expressway]] to Dongzhimen.
 
Current Line 13 stations: Xizhimen (interchange to Line 2), Dazhongsi, Zhichunlu, Wudaokou, Shangdi, Xi'erqi, Longze, Huilongguan, Huoying, Lishuiqiao (interchange to Line 5), Beiyuan, Wangjingxi, Shaoyaoju, Guangximen, Liufang and Dongzhimen (interchange to Line 2).
 
The rolling stock maintenance facility is located at Huilongguan.
 
== Lines to be opened by the 2008 Summer Olympics ==
Three more lines, Line 10 (Phase I), the Olympic Spur (Phase II of Line 8) and the Airport Line, are scheduled to be opened to the public by the end of June, ahead of the 2008 Summer Olympic Games in August.
 
[[Image:Beijing-Subway-Plan.png|thumb|center|600px|A map of some of the planned lines for the Beijing Subway]]
 
===Laluan 8 (Olympics Spur Line)=== {{main|Line 8, Beijing Subway}}
[[Line 8, Beijing Subway|Line 8]] is planned to be built in three phases. The first phase is the 4.53 km [[Olympic Spur Line]], which will connect the [[Beijing Olympic Village|Olympic village]] with Line 10, north of the city. It will run from [[Beitucheng]] to [[Senlingongyuan]] (Forest Park 森林公园). Construction began in [[2004]] and the spur is scheduled to open on [[June 30]], [[2008]].
 
Phase I stations: Beitucheng, Olympic Park, Olympic Center, Forest Park.
Phase II will extend Line 8 northward past Line 13. The Changping District government has commenced land clearing for Line 8's extension.<ref>http://bj.house.sina.com.cn/news/2008-01-30/0759237453.html</ref> Phase III will extend the line southward through the city center to the southern 4th Ring Road.
 
===Laluan 10===
{{main|Line 10, Beijing Subway}}
Line 10 will begin at [[Bagou]] near Wanliu Park in [[Haidian District]] and run straight east, following the northern section of the Mongol [[city wall]], before turning south along the [[3rd Ring Road]]. It will connect the [[university district]] and [[Zhongguancun]] (Beijing’s silicon village) in [[Haidian]] with the [[embassy district]] and [[Beijing CBD]] in [[Chaoyang District]]. The first phase, 24.68 km in length, with 22 stations will end at [[Jinsong]], just south of [[Guomao]]. Construction began in December 2003 and the first phase is scheduled to open by the end of June 2008. A trip from Wanliu to Jinsong is expected to take 40 minutes.
 
Planned stations in the first phase (starting from the north west): Bagou, Suzhoujie, Haidian Huangzhuang, Zhizhunli, [[Zhichunlu]] (interchange to Line 13), Xitucheng, Mudanyuan, Jiandemen, Beitucheng (interchange to Line 8), Anzhenmen, Huixinxijie Nankou (interchange to Line 5), Shaoyaoju (interchange to Line 13), Taiyanggong, Sanyuanqiao (interchange to Airport Line), Liangmaqiao, Nongye Zhanlanguan (Agricultural Exposition Hall), Tuanjiehu, Hujialou, Jintaixizhao, [[Guomao]] (interchange to Line 1), Shuangjing, Jinsong.
 
After the Olympic Games, Phase II of construction will extend Line 10 further south from Jinsong to Songjiazhuang in [[Fengtai District]], where it be linked to [[Line 5]]. Construction on Phase II began on December 9, 2007. Eventually, Line 10 will follow the southern and western [[3rd Ring Road]] and form a second loop line with 45 stations in all with 24 transfer points to other subway and light rail lines. <ref>http://2008.sohu.com/20080201/n255019863.shtml</ref>
 
===Line L1 (Airport Line)===
{{main|Airport Line, Beijing Subway}}
[[Airport Line, Beijing Subway|Airport Line]] is an express rail link that will run from [[Dongzhimen]] to the [[Beijing Capital International Airport]] northeast of the city. The line will have a 4 km underground section and 23 km of elevated track. It will have only four stops: Dongzhimen (with interchanges to Lines 2 and 13), Sanyuanqiao (interchange to Line 10), and Airport Terminals 2 and 3. Construction began in [[2005]]. The link is scheduled to open on [[June 30]], [[2008]].
 
== Other lines planned or under construction ==
In addition to the five lines currently in operation and the three lines set to open by the Olympics, there are at least another five lines now under construction (Lines 4, 6, 9, Daxing and L2), with work on at least two more (Lines 7 and 14) set to begin by the end of 2008.<ref>http://www.bjsubway.com/cns/dtfz/index.html</ref>. Overall, Beijing's rapid transit rail network is expected to reach 561 km in length by 2015.<ref>http://intl.2008.cctv.com/html/article/20080121/153232.shtml</ref>. For 2015 expansion plan, see[http://hiphotos.baidu.com/tb2046/pic/item/8899de515f64622a42a75b92.jpg].
 
=== Line 4 ===
{{main|Line 4, Beijing Subway}}
Line 4 runs from north to south, parallel and to the west of [[Line 5]], through [[Haidian District| Haidian]], [[Xicheng District|Xicheng]], [[Xuanwu District|Xuanwu]] and [[Fengtai District]]s in the western half of Beijing. It will be approximately 28.18 km in length with 24 stations. It begins in the northwest by Anheqiao, beyond the [[Summer Palace]] and heads south past the [[Old Summer Palace]], through the university district and [[Zhongguancun]] Beijing's high-tech silicon village, before cutting eastward at the [[National Library of China]], passing the [[Beijing Zoo]] enroute to [[Xizhimen]]. After entering the 2nd Ring Road at Xizhimen, Line 4 resumes south at Xiejiekou and traverses the old city through Xisi, [[Xidan]], [[Xuanwumen]], Caishikou, and [[Taoranting| Taoranting Park]]. It passes the city's high-speed rail link at the [[Beijing South Railway Station]] before reaching the terminus at Gongyixiqiao. Construction began [[2004]] but delays have pushed back the opening date by two years to [[September 30]], [[2009]].
 
Planned stations include Anheqiao North, Beigongmen, Xiyuan, [[Yuanmingyuan|Old Summer Palace]], [[Peking University]] East Gate, [[Zhongguancun]], Haidian Huangzhuang (interchange for Line 10), [[Renmin University]], Weigongcun, [[National Library of China]] (interchange with Line 9), [[Beijing Zoo]], [[Xizhimen]] (interchange for Lines 2 & 13), Xinjiekou, Pinganli (interchange for Line 6), Xisi, Lingjing Hutong, [[Xidan]] (interchange to Line 1), [[Xuanwumen]](interchange for Line 2), Caishikou (interchange for Line 7), Taoranting, [[Beijing South Station]], Majiapu, Jiaomen West and Gongyixiqiao.
 
To the south, Line 4 connects with the [[Daxing Line, Beijing Subway|Daxing Line]] to urban [[Daxing District]]. Planners in Haidian District have proposed extending the line to the north by 8 km with four additional stations.<ref>http://www.realestate.cei.gov.cn/files/20081/2008f1d10c6248444.html</ref>. The proposal has not been approved.<ref>http://www.realestate.cei.gov.cn/files/20081/2008f1d10c9856374.html</ref>
 
=== Line 6 ===
{{main|Line 6, Beijing Subway}}
[[Line 6, Beijing Subway|Line 6]] will run parallel and to the north of Line 1 and the Batong Line, from [[Haidian District|Haidian]] to [[Tongzhou District]]. With total planned length of 41.74 km and 27 stations, Line 6 will be the longest subway line in the city’s subway network. Line 6 may be the first to feature express and local stations.<ref>http://news.tom.com/2007-10-30/0020/09005486.html</ref>. Line 6 is designed to accommodate eight-car trains instead of the four- and six-car trains on the existing lines. <ref>http://society.people.com.cn/GB/6639334.htm</ref>
 
Construction is planned in in two phases. In Phase I, Line 6 will run about 30 km from Wulu to Caoying following Linglong Road, Sanlihe Road, Chaoyang North Rd., the west bank of the Grand Canal, and Grand Canal East Road. Of the 20 planned stations, 12 will offer transfer connections to other lines. Construction began in late 2007. Planned stations include: [[Wulu]] (interchange to Line 10, Phase II), [[Huayuanqiao]], [[Sidaokou]] (interchange to Line 9), [[Ganjiayuan Market]], [[Zhanlanguan Lu]], [[Fuchengmen]] (interchange to Line 2), [[Baitasi]], [[Xisi]] (interchange to Line 4), [[Beihai Park]], [[Dongsi]] (interchange to Line 5), Chaoyangmen (interchange to Line 2), [[Dongdaqiao]], [[Hujialou]] (interchange to Line 10), [[Jintai Lu]], [[Xinghuo Lu]], [[Qingnian Lu]], [[Dalianpo]], [[Huangqu]], and [[Changying]].
Residents in Tongzhou District who live along the 7 km stretch of elevated tracks in Dingfuzhuang and Changying have raised concerns about train noise, prompting planners to consider moving trackage underground. <ref>http://news.zhulong.com/dongtai/read79594.htm</ref> <ref> http://house.news.qingnet.cn/200801/2792332.htm</ref>
 
In Phase II, Line 6 will be extended further east by about 12 km through 7 stations from Caofang to Dongxiaoying in the Tongzhou New City. Planned stations include: [[Beijing Wuzi University]], [[Beiguan Roundabout]], [[Xinhua Dajie]], [[Yudaihe Dajie]], [[Haojiafu]], [[Tongzhou New City]], and [[Dongxiaoying]].
 
=== Line 7 ===
{{main|Line 7, Beijing Subway}}
[[Line 7, Beijing Subway|Line 7]] will run parallel and to the south of Line 1 and Line Batong from the [[Beijing West Railway Station]] in [[Xuanwu District]] to [[Baiziwan]] in [[Tongzhou District]]. Line 7 is slated to have 17 stations over 27.3 km. Planned stations include [[Beijing West Railway Station]] (interchange to Line 9), [[Guang'anmen]], [[Niujie]], [[Caishikou]](interchange to Line 4), [[Hufangqiao]], [[Zhushikou]], [[Ciqikou]](interchange to Line 5), [[Xingfu Dajie]], [[Guangqumen]], [[Shuangjing]] (interchange with Line 10), and [[Jiulong]]. Construction is scheduled to begin in 2008. <ref>http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90776/90882/6334392.html</ref>.
 
===Line 9===
{{main|Line 9, Beijing Subway}}
[[Line 9, Beijing Subway|Line 9]] will run north to south from Haidian to Fengtai District. The line will run 18.3 km south from [[Baishiqiao]] (白石桥) to the [[Beijing World Park]]. Construction began in April 2007 and is slated to be completed by the end of 2010.
 
Planned stations include: Baishiqiao (interchange with Line 4), Chegongzhuang Dajie, Military Museum (interchange with Line 1), [[Beijing West Railway Station]], Liuliqiao, Yuyuantan Park, Yimei Gardens, Fengtai Technology Park, Fengtai North Station, Guogongzhuang.
 
=== Line 14 ===
{{main|Line 14, Beijing Subway}}
[[Line 14, Beijing Subway|Line 14]] is planned to run 42 km with 22 stations from the [[Lugouqiao]] ([[Marco Polo Bridge]]) in the southwest to [[Wangjing, Beijing| Wangjing]] in the northeast, via [[Beijing south railway station|Beijing South Railway Station]], [[Jinsong]] in the southeast, [[Sihui]], and [[Chaoyang Park]]. Construction is slated to begin in 2008 and to be completed by 2012. <ref>http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90776/90882/6334392.html</ref>.
 
=== Line L2 (Yizhuang light rail) ===
[[Line L2, Beijing Subway|Line L2]] will be 23.4 km in length with 10 stations. It will run from Songjiazhuang, the current southern terminus of [[Line 5]] to Yizhuang Railway Station in [[Yizhuang]] (亦庄), an industrial park to the southeast. Construction began on [[December 8]], [[2007]].
 
=== Daxing Line ===
{{main|Daxing Line, Beijing Subway}}
[[Daxing Line, Beijing Subway|Daxing Line]] will extend from the southern terminus of Line 4 at Majialou to [[Daxing District]] in the southern suburbs. It will be approximately 22.2km in length, with 18 km underground, and has 12 planned stations.<ref>http://www.chinanews.com.cn/cj/xfsh/news/2008/05-15/1251281.shtml</ref><ref>http://www.bjdx.gov.cn/jrdx/dxxw/dxxx/2007n/105338.htm</ref> The line begins underground and switches to elevated tracks at the [[6th Ring Road]]. Full-scale construction began on [[June 1]], [[2008]], and is scheduled to be completed by the end of 2011.<ref>http://www.bj.xinhuanet.com/bjpd_sdzx/2008-06/01/content_13422509.htm</ref> The line will run six-car trains and will take 39 minutes to travel from Nanzhao Lu, the southern terminus, to Xidan.
 
Planned stations include: Majialou (interchange with Line 4), Nanyuan West, [[5th Ring Road]], Xihongmen, Jinxing Lu, Zaoyuan, Qingyuan Lu, Huangcun Dajie, Huangcun Railway Station, Yihezhuang, Beijing Biomedical Production Base, Nanzhao Lu.
 
== Sejarah ==
The Beijing Subway was the first to be built in [[mainland China]]. It was originally conceived amidst heightened national security concerns during the [[Sino-Soviet split]] in the early 1960s. Chairman [[Mao Zedong]] approved the project on [[February 4]], [[1965]], telling engineers to design and build with care and to be prepared to make adjustments as there was “bound to be plenty of mistakes and setbacks.” <ref>http://www.syditie.com/data/2005/1121/article_101.htm</ref> Construction began on [[July 1]], [[1965]] at a ceremony attended by national leaders including [[Zhu De]], [[Deng Xiaoping]], and mayor [[Peng Zhen]]. The initial line was completed by [[National Day of the People's Republic of China|National Day]], [[October 1]], of [[1969]]. It ran 21 km from the army barracks in the Western Hills to the [[Beijing Railway Station]] with 16 stations. This line forms the basis for parts of present-day Lines 1 and 2.
 
On [[November 11]], [[1969]], an electrical fire caused killed 3 people, injured over 100 and destroyed two cars.<ref>http://www.syditie.com/data/2005/1121/article_102.htm</ref> Premier [[Zhou Enlai]] placed the subway under the control of the [[People’s Liberation Army]] in 1970, but technical problems continued to plague the project. On [[January 15]], [[1971]], the initial line began operation on a trial basis between the Beijing Railway Station and [[Gongzhufen]].<ref>http://www.syditie.com/data/2005/1121/article_102.htm</ref> Single fare was set at [[Renminbi|¥]]0.10 and only members of the public with credential letters from their work units were permitted entry into the subway. The line delivered 8.28 million rides in 1971 but remained under trial operation despite return to civilian control in 1976. It suffered intermittent closures due to fires, flooding, accidents and political disruption during the [[Cultural Revolution]]. It was closed from [[September 13]] to [[November 6]], [[1971]] in the aftermath of the [[Lin Biao]] [[Lin Biao Incident|Incident]] and on [[September 18]], [[1976]] for the death of [[Chairman Mao]].
 
[[Image:Beijing_Subway_Ticket_Line-1_3RMB.jpg|thumb|180px|right|Line 1 paper ticket (discontinued 6/9/2008)]]
[[Image:Beijing_Subway_Ticket_Line-2_3RMB.jpg|thumb|180px|right|Line 2 paper ticket (discontinued 6/9/2008)]]
[[Image:Beijing_Subway_Ticket_Line-1And-2_4RMB.jpg|thumb|180px|right|Paper ticket for Lines 1, 2 or Batong Line (discontinued 6/9/2008)]]
[[Image:Beijing_Subway_AFC_Ticket_Line-13_3RMB.JPG|thumb|180px|right|Line 13 paper ticket (discontinued 6/9/2008)]]
 
On [[September 15]], [[1981]], the initial line was finally opened to full public use.<ref>http://www.syditie.com/data/2005/1121/article_103.htm</ref> It had 19 stations and ran 27.6 km from [[Fushouling]] in the [[Western Hills]] to the Beijing Railway Station. The subway was placed under the management of the [[Beijing Subway Company]], then a subsidiary of the [[Beijing Public Transportation Company]]. Annual ridership reached 72.5 million in 1982. On [[September 20]], [[1984]], a second line was opened to the public. This horseshoe shaped line ran 16.1 km from [[Fuxingmen]] to [[Jianguomen]] with 16 stations and corresponds to present-day Line 2. Ridership reached 1.05 million in 1985. On [[December 28]], [[1987]], the two existing lines were reconfigured into Lines 1, which ran from [[Pingguoyuan]] to [[Fuxingmen]] and Line 2, in its current loop, tracing the [[Ming]] city wall. Fares doubled to [[Renminbi|¥]]0.20 for single-line rides and [[Renminbi|¥]]0.30 for rides with transfers. Ridership reached 307 million in 1988. The subway system was closed from [[June 3]] to [[June 4]], [[1989]] during the suppression of the [[Tiananmen Square protests of 1989|Tiananmen Square demonstrations]]. In 1990, the subway carried more than one million riders per day for the first time, as total ridership reached 381 million. After a fare hike to [[Renminbi|¥]]0.50 in 1991, annual ridership declined slightly to 371 million.<ref>http://www.syditie.com/data/2005/1121/article_107.htm</ref>
 
On January 26, 1991, planning began on the eastward extension of Line 1 under [[Chang’an Avenue]] from [[Fuxingmen]] with the receipt of 19.2 billion [[Japanese yen|yen]] low-interest, [[International economic cooperation policy of Japan|development assistance loan]] from [[Japan]]. Construction began on the eastern extension on [[June 24]], [[1992]]. The [[Xidan]] station opened on [[December 12]], [[1992]], and the remaining extension to Sihuidong was completed on [[September 28]], [[1999]], so the entire east-west passage became operational on [[October 20]], [[2000]].<ref>http://www.syditie.com/data/2005/1121/article_107_1.htm</ref> Despite little track expansion in the early 1990s, ridership grew rapidly to reach an all-time high of 558 million in 1995, but fell to 444 million the next year when fares rose from [[Renminbi|¥]]0.50 to [[Renminbi|¥]]2.00.<ref>http://www.syditie.com/data/2005/1121/article_107.htm</ref>. After fares rose again to [[Renminbi|¥]]3.00 in 2000, annual ridership fell to 434 million from 481 million in 1999.
 
In the summer of 2001, the city won the bid to host the 2008 Summer Olympic Games and accelerated plans to expand the subway. From [[2002]] and [[2008]], the city planned to invest Y63.8 billion (US$7.69 billion) in subway projects. Most new subway construction projects were funded by loans from the [[Big Four (banks)|Big Four]] state banks. Line 4 was funded through a joint-venture with the [[MTR|Hong Kong MTR]].<ref>http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/02/27/bloomberg/sxmtr.php</ref>.
 
Two surface commuter lines opened in 2003. [[Line 13, Beijing Subway|Line 13]], a half loop that links the northern suburbs, opened on [[January 28]], [[2003]]. [[Line Batong, Beijing Subway|Batong Line]], built as an extension to Line 1 to [[Tongzhou]] district, was opened as a separate line on [[December 27]], [[2003]]. Ridership hit 607 million in 2004.
 
[[Line 5, Beijing Subway|Line 5]] came into operation on [[October 7]], [[2007]]. It is the first to run entirely north to south with 23 stations over 27.6 km.
 
On [[June 9]], [[2008]], paper tickets, hand checked by clerks for 38 years, was discontinued and replaced by electronic tickets that are scanned by automatic fare collection machines. Electronic tickets are sold on touch-screen vending machines on which riders purchase single-ride tickets or add credit to [[Yikatong]] frequent use cards. Electronic tickets and Yikatong are scanned upon both entry and exit of the subway.
 
==Challenges==
===Cellular Network Coverage===
Currently, [[mobile phones]] can be used on Line 5 and both surface lines (13 and Batong). By mid-June 2008, all lines and stations (including those opening before the Olympic Games) will be outfitted for [[cellular network]] coverage.<ref>http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/citylife/2008-04/30/content_6654442.htm</ref>
 
===Access for the Physically Disabled===
The older stations on Lines 1 and 2 generally do not have lifts for wheelchairs. Escalators in these stations descend from the station entrances to the ticket counters one level below ground level but do not extend to the platform two levels below. All stations on Line 5 have elevators. Newer train cars now provide space to accommodate and secure wheelchairs.<ref> http://en.beijing2008.cn/news/special/tebiecehua/metro5/n214169674.shtml</ref>
 
===Automatic Fare Collection System===
Each station has between two and fifteen ticket vending machines. <ref>[http://www.cityweekend.com.cn/beijing/articles/blogs-beijing/beijingologist/the-official-beijingology-subway-afc-cheat-sheet-part-21 CityWeekend: The Official Beijingology Subway AFC Cheat Sheet (Part 3)]/</ref>. Ticket vending machines in Line 5, 8, 10 stations and several of the Line 1 and 2 stations can also add credit to [[''Yikatong'']] cards.
 
System Suppliers:
* Line 1, 2: Thales
* Line 4: Samsung SDS
* Line 5: Founder, OMRON
* Line 8 (Olympic Branch) : Samsung SDS
* Line 10: Samsung SDS
* Line 13: Nippon Signal
 
===Emergency Services===
After witnessing disastrous subway accidents in the [[Republic of Korea]] (e.g. [[Daegu subway fire|Daegu]]), Beijing authorities took prompt action in late [[2003]] and early [[2004]] and banned shops inside subway stations. Also, reflective self-illuminating signs were installed in case of emergencies. Finally, the underground mall at the subway station at [[Xidan]] was closed in [[2003]]. Despite being very popular, authorities fear that evacuation may be hampered in the case of a subway accident.
 
===Kemalangan===
On [[March 29]], [[2007]], a construction site at the Suzhoujie station on [[Line 10, Beijing Subway|Line 10]] collapsed, burying six workers. [http://english.people.com.cn/200703/29/eng20070329_362043.html]
 
==Nota==
<references/>
 
==See also==
* [[List of Beijing Subway stations]]
* [[List of rapid transit systems]]
 
==Pautan luar==
Baris 273 ⟶ 39:
{{Rapid transit in the People's Republic of China}}
 
[[Kategori:BeijingLaluan SubwayBawah Tanah Beijing| ]]
 
[[bn:বেইজিং সাবওয়ে]]