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[ [Image Fail: CarbNomenclature.jpg | thumb | right | 300px |Karburetor Carburetortakungan singletunggal reservoirluruan surgeske down thebawah Bendix - Technico ( Stromberg ) model BXUV - 3 ] ]
'''Karburetor''' adalah sejenis alat yang digunakan bagi mencampurkan [[minyak bahan api|bahan api]] [[petrol]] dengan [[udara]] dengan kadar yang betul bagi kegunaan [[enjin pembakaran dalaman]]. Ia pernah digunakan secara meluas pada [[kereta]] sehingga dekad 1990-an apabila ia digantikan dengan sistem [[suntikan bahan api]] yang lebih cekap. Kini, hampir kesemua kereta model terkini serta kebanyakan model motosikal besar menggunakan suntikan bahan api manakala karburetor kini hanya digunakan pada enjin-enjin kecil seperti [[pemotong rumput]] serta pada motosikal kecil.
''' Carburetor ''' is a device used for mixing [ [ oil fuel | fuel ] ] [ [ gasoline ] ] by [ [ air ] ] with the right amount for the use of [ [ internal combustion engine ] ] . It was used extensively in the [ [ car ] ] until 1990s when it was replaced by [ [ fuel injection ] ] is more efficient . Now , almost all of the latest model car and motorcycle models most likely to use fuel injection and the carburettor is now only used in small engines such as [ [ Sure ] ] and on a small motorcycle .
Perkatan "karburetor" berasal daripada perkataan [[Bahasa Perancis|Perancis]] iaitu ''carbure'' yang bermaksud 'karbida' ataupun 'menggabungkan dengan [[karbon]]'.
The word " carburettor " is derived from the [ [ French language | French ] ] '' which carbure '' meaning ' carbide ' or ' combined with the [ [ carbon ] ] ' .
== PrinciplesPrinsip ==
Karburetor berfungsi menggunakan [[Prinsip Bernoulli]] iaitu bergantung kepada [[tekanan udara]] rendah dalam karburetor hasil daripada kelajuan luruan udara ke rongga masukan enjin untuk menarik bahan api untuk dicampurkan bersama-sama udara. Lebih laju luruan udara masuk, lebih rendah tekanan udara di dalam karburetor serta lebih banyak bahan api dapat ditarik untuk dicampurkan dengan udara, dan seterusnya kelajuan enjin akan bertambah hasil penambahan campuran udara-bahan api.
Carburetor runs on [ [ Bernoulli's principle ] ] which depends on the [ [ pressure ] ] lower than the speed of the carburettor air surges into the input cavity to pull the engine to fuel mixed with air . Faster air surges in, the lower the air pressure in the carburettor , and more fuel can be removed to be mixed with air , and engine speed will increase the addition of air - fuel mixture .
Kebanyakan enjin [[kereta]] berkarburetor hanya menggunakan satu sahaja karburetor tetapi [[motosikal]] serta kereta lumba pula menggunakan berbilang karburetor mengikut bilangan silinder. Namun begitu, di dalam sistem [[suntikan bahan api]] pula, kebanyakan kenderaan mempunyai berbilang pemancit bahan api mengikut bilangan silinder.
Most of the engines [ [ car ] ] berkarburetor only use a single carburettor , but [ [ motorcycle ] ] and uses a multi- car racing carburettor according to the number of cylinders . However, in a [ [ fuel injection ] ] , most vehicles have multiple fuel injectors according to the number of cylinders .
== Jenis-jenis karburetor ==
== Types == carburettor
[ [Image Fail: HighPerformanceCarburetor.jpg | thumb | 250px | right |Karburetor Carburetor4 fourtakungan reservoirs with high performanceberprestasi tinggi. ] ]
* ''' Venturi will tetap''' - amempunyai saiz venturi size is fixed and dependsyang ontetap theserta speedbergantung ofkepada thekelajuan airluruan toudara attractbagi surgesmenarik ofbahan fuelapi intoke venturi tountuk mixdicampurkan withdengan airudara.
* ''' Venturi adjustableboleh laras''' - alsojuga knowndikenali assebagai constantkarburetor velocitykelajuan carburettormalar '' ( constant velocity ) or '' gelungsurataupun valvekarburetor carburettorinjap gelungsur, carburettorkarburetor typejenis hasini amempunyai needlesatu valve that controlsinjap gelungsur withdengan bothjarum theyang venturimengawal andkedua-dua openingbukaan theventuri maindan jet utama. InDi thisdalam typekarburetor of carburettorjenis ini, adjustablebukaan venturi openingdilaraskan tobagi controlmengawal airkelajuan velocityudara atpada thebahagian venturi alone sahaja.
== Bahagian karburetor ==
== == The carburettor
[ [Image Fail: Carburetor.svg | thumb | left | 300px |Gambar bottomrajah diagrambahagian carburettorasas karburetor] ]
Sebuah karburetor asas terdiri daripada beberapa bahagian berikut:-
A basic carburettor consists of several parts of the following : -
* '''Takungan Reservoir fuelbahan api''' - to receivemenerima fuelbahan fromapi thedari fueltangki tankminyak
* '''Venturi''' - bahagian aliran udara paling sempit bertujuan meningkatkan kelajuan luruan udara bagi menghasilkan tekanan udara paling rendah pada bahagian berkenaan bagi menarik bahan api keluar melalui jet utama. Biasanya saiz venturi adalah tetap, tetapi kerburetor injap gelungsur pula mempunyai satu injap gelungsur boleh laras yang mengawal saiz venturi.
'' * ' Venturi ''' - the most constricted air flow surges aims to increase the speed of air to produce the lowest air pressure on the respect for the interests of fuel out through the main jet . venturi size is usually fixed , but will kerburetor gelungsur valve has a valve that controls gelungsur adjustable venturi size .
* '''Jet main jet utama''' - thelaluan mainkeluar routeutama outbahan ofapi fuel to theke venturi ; thealirannya flowdikawal ofoleh lowtekanan pressurerendah controlled by thepada venturi , buttetapi topada somesesetengah particularkarburetor typeterutamanya ofjenis carburettorinjap needlegelungsur valvepula whilejarum thepada valveinjap gelungsur gelungsur also control the opening ofturut themengawal mainbukaan jet utama.
* ''' Jet idle melahu''' - a narrow channelsaluran tosempit deliverbagi airmenyalurkan andudara fueldan duringbahan idleapi speedsemasa whenkelajuan themelahu throttleiaitu valvesemasa isinjap closedpendikit tertutup.
* '''Injap pendikit''' - terletak di bahagian hujung saluran udara karburetor, injap pendikit mengawal bukaan saluran udara selepas venturi bagi mengawal aliran campuran udara-bahan api ke enjin; dengan itu injap pendikit turut mengawal kelajuan enjin secara langsung. Injap pendikit disambungkan ke injak pendikit ataupun genggam pendikit bagi membolehkan pemandu [[kereta]] atau penunggang [[motosikal]] mengawal kelajuan enjin. Biasanya injap pendikit terdiri daripada injap rerama tetapi dalam sesetengah karburetor injap gelungsur, injap gelungsur itu sendiri turut bertindak sebagai injap pendikit.
* ''' throttle valve ''' - located at the end of the carburettor air channels , controlling the throttle valve opening airways after venturi to control the flow of air - fuel mixture to the engine ; with the throttle valve also controls the speed of the engine directly. throttle valve is connected to the throttle pedal or throttle grasp to allow the driver [ [ car ] ] or rider [ [ motorcycle ] ] control of engine speed . throttle valve usually consists of valve , but in some carburettor rerama gelungsur valves , valve gelungsur itself also acts as a throttle valve .
* '''Injap pencekik''' - terletak di bahagian pangkal saluran udara karburetor sebelum venturi, injap pencekik menyekat aliran udara bagi menghasilkan campuran udara-bahan api yang lebih kaya agar enjin lebih mudah dihidupkan semasa sejuk. Injap pencekik dikawal sama ada menggunakan tombol pencekik secara manual ataupun dengan menggunakan mekanisme automatik. Sesetengah karburetor tidak mempunyai pencekik tetapi menggunakan udara yang dipanaskan oleh saluran ekzos untuk memudahkan enjin dihidupkan semasa sejuk.
* ''' strangler valve ''' - located at the base of the airway before the venturi carburettor , valves strangler menyekat air flow to produce the air - fuel mixture richer so much easier on the engine when cold . strangler valves controlled either manually or dial strangler using an automatic mechanism . Some carburettors have no oppressor , but to use air heated by the exhaust channel to facilitate the engine is turned on when cold .
== Pengendalian karburetor ==
== Operation == carburettor
Biasanya, pengendalian karburetor terdiri daripada empat keadaan utama:-
Typically , the operation of carburettor consists of four major state : -
* '''Kelajuan melahu''' - Injap pendikit tertutup sepenuhnya, tetapi mempunyai sedikit bukaan udara bagi membolehkan sedikit udara melaluinya. Petrol mengalir di dalam karburetor melalui jet melahu. Kuantiti campuran udara-bahan api yang sedikit ini menyebabkan enjin hanya berputar pada kelajuan melahu (sekitar 850 rpm bagi kereta dan sekitar 1,400 rpm bagi motosikal).
* ''' idle speed ''' - throttle valve fully closed , but a little air openings to allow some air through it . carburettor fuel flowing in through the idle jet . The quantity of air - fuel mixture that is causing the engine is only slightly rotated at idle speed (about 850 rpm to the car and around 1.400 rpm for motorcycles ) .
* '''Kelajuan low- speed rendah''' - throttleinjap valvependikit slightly openterbuka sedikit, allowingmembolehkan lowudara -speed airberkelajuan throughrendah amelalui venturi anddan thenseterusnya attractmenarik somesedikit majorbahan api melalui jet fuelutama through theke venturi . MeanwhileSementara itu, fuelbahan alsoapi flowsturut throughmengalir the idlemelalui jet formelahu akerana speedkelajuan surgeluruan inbahan jetapi fuelmelalui isjet stillutama lowmasih keylagi rendah.
* '''Kelajuan tinggi''' - injap pendikit terbuka besar, ataupun hampir terbuka sepenuhnya semasa menghampiri kelajuan maksimum. Bukaan injap pendikit yang besar membolehkan udara meluru masuk dengan laju dan banyak, merendahkan lagi tekanan udara pada venturi dan seterusnya menarik lebih banyak bahan api melalui jet utama. Kali ini, bahan api tidak lagi melalui jet melahu kerana lebih cenderung melalui jer utama di mana tekanan udara lebih rendah.
* ''' high- speed ''' - a large open- throttle valves , or almost fully open when approaching the maximum speed . large throttle valve opening allows air rushed in with a fast and extensive , lowering the air pressure in the venturi and to attract more fuel through the main jet . This time , fuel is no longer the idle jet is more likely that the main Jer where air pressure is lower.
* '''Semasa tombol pencekik ditarik''' - injap pendikit menyekat aliran udara masuk udara ke karburetor sehingga udara masuk ke karburetor kurang daripada semasa kelajuan melahu, menyebabkan campuran udara-bahan api yang kaya terhasil bagi memudahkan enjin dihidupkan semasa sejuk.
* ''' When the knob is pulled strangler ''' - throttle valve to block air flow into the air to the carburettor until the carburettor air intake to less than the idle speed , causing the air - fuel mixture is rich, resulting in easier ignition during the winter .
== Pelarasan karburetor ==
== == carburettor adjustment
Lazimnya, nisbah campuran udara-bahan api [[petrol]] yang dipanggil sebagai nisbah stoikiometrik ialah 14.7:1, iaitu 14.7 unit berat udara dicampurkan pada setiap unit berat bahan api. Nisbah campuran yang lebih tinggi daripada nisbah stoikiometrik menghasilkan '''campuran nipis''' manakala nisbah campuran yang lebih rendah daripada nisbah stoikiometrik pula menghasilkan '''campuran kaya'''. Campuran yang terlalu kaya akan mengotorkan [[palam pencucuh]] dan kebuk pembakaran serta menyebabkan penggunaan bahan api yang tinggi manakala campuran yang terlalu nipis pula sukar dihidupkan semasa sejuk serta lebih banyak menghasilkan gas [[nitrogen oksida]] yang mencemarkan udara. Namun demikian, enjin kereta moden kini direka bagi membolehkan campuran udara-bahan api yang lebih nipis digunakan untuk penjimatan bahan api yang lebih baik.
Typically , the ratio of air - fuel mixture [ [ petroleum ] ] called stoikiometrik ratio is 14.7:1 , which is 7.14 units plus the weight of air per unit weight of fuel. Mixing ratio is higher than the ratio stoikiometrik produce ''' mix of thin ''' while the mixing ratio is lower than the ratio will produce stoikiometrik ''' '' rich mixture . The mixture is too rich stain [ [ spark plug ] ] , and combustion chamber and cause high fuel consumption while the mixture is too thin is hard on the cold , and more gas to produce [ [ nitrogen oxide ] ] that pollute the air . However, modern car engine is designed to allow the air - fuel mixture that is used to thin the fuel savings better .
Biasanya, karburetor dilaras melalui dua skru pelaras iaitu skru pelaras injap pendikit yang mengawal bukaan injap pendikit semasa kelajuan melahu, serta skru pelaras melahu yang mengawal aliran [[petrol]] semasa kelajuan melahu. Pelarasan karburetor yang baik akan membolehkan enjin mudah dihidupkan semasa sejuk serta menjimatkan bahan api dalam masa yang sama.
Usually, the carburettor is adjusted by two screw adjustment of throttle valve adjuster screws that control the throttle valve opening during idle speed and idle adjustment screws that control the flow of [ [ petroleum ] ] during idle speed . carburettor adjustment that will allow both easy on the engine cool, and save fuel at the same time .
== SeeLihat alsojuga ==
* [ [Suntikan Fuel Injectionbahan api] ]
== ExternalPautan Linksluar ==
* [ http://www.fireballroberts.com/Fish_Patents.htm CarburetorKarburetor " fish ikan" ]
* [ http://fish.jan-wulf.de collectionKoleksi ofgambar photosdan andmaklumat informationmengenai about the carburettorkarburetor " fish ikan" ]
''' Patent Paten'''
* [ http://v3.espacenet.com/origdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=GB189411119&F=0&QPN=GB189411119 GBG.B. Рatent 11 119 11119] -— ''Kebuk mixed campuran'' Chambers -— [ [ donutsDonát Bánki ] ]
* { { U.S.US patent | 610040 } } -— '' Carburetor Karburetor'' -— [ [ Henry Ford ] ]
* { { U.S.US patent | 1750354 } } -— '' Karburetor'' Carburetor -— Charles Nelson Pogue
* { { U.S.US patent | 1938497 } } -— '' Karburetor'' Carburetor -— Charles Nelson Pogue
* { { U.S.US patent | 1997497 } } -— '' Karburetor'' Carburetor -— Charles Nelson Pogue
* { { U.S.US patent | 2026798 } } -— '' Karburetor'' Carburetor -— Charles Nelson Pogue
* { { U.S.US patent | 2982528 } } -— ''Sistem bahan api wap'' vapor fuel system -— Robert S. Shelton
* { { U.S.US patent | 4177779 } } -— ''Sistem fuelpenjimatan -savingbahan systemapi foruntuk internalenjin combustion enginespembakaran dalaman'' -— Thomas H. Thomas W.
[[Kategori:Sistem kenderaan]]
[[Kategori:Teknologi enjin]]
[ [ Category : Vehicle System ] ]
[ [ af : Vergasser ] ]
[ [ ar : مازج ] ]
[ [ az : Karbürator ] ]
[ [en: Karburator ] ]
[ [ bo : སྣུམ་སྒྱུར་ཆས། ] ]
[ [bg : Карбуратор ] ]
[ [ ca : Carburador ] ]
[ [ cs : Karburátor ] ]
[ [ da : Karburator ] ]
[ [ de : Vergaser ] ]
[ [ el: Εξαερωτήρας ] ]
[ [ en : blackjack ] ]
[ [ es : Carburador ] ]
[ [ eo : Karburilo ] ]
[ [ fa : کاربراتور ] ]
[ [ fr : Carburateur ] ]
[ [ gu : કાર્બ્યુરેટર ] ]
[ [ hi : कार्ब्युरेटर ] ]
[ [ io : Karburatoro ] ]
[ [ it: Carburatore ] ]
[ [ he: מאייד ] ]
[ [ kn : ಕಾರ್ಬ್ಯುರೇಟರ್ ] ]
[ [ ka : კარბიურატორი ] ]
[ [ hu : Porlasztó ] ]
[ [ nl : Carburateur ] ]
[ [ ja :キャブレター] ]
[ [ no: Forgasser ] ]
[ [ pl : Gaźnik ] ]
[ [ pt : Carburador ] ]
[ [ ro : Carburator ] ]
[ [ ru : Карбюратор ] ]
[ [ sk : Karburátor ] ]
[ [ sl : Uplinjač ] ]
[ [ sr : Карбуратор ] ]
[ [ Fi : Kaasutin ] ]
[ [ sv : Förgasare ] ]
[ [ te : కార్బ్యురేటర్ ] ]
[ [ vi : Chi Hoa Bo che ] ]
[ [ tr : Karbüratör ] ]
[ [ uk : Карбюратор ] ]
[ [ ur : مفحم ] ]
[ [ zh :化油器] ]
[[af:Vergasser]]
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