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Mohenjo-daro: Perbezaan antara semakan

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Sehingga kini, lebih seribu kota dan petempatan telah dijumpai, terutamanya di lembah Sungai Indus di Pakistan dan India barat laut.
 
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== Seni bina dan prasarana bandar ==
[[Image:Ghanghro location.jpg|thumb|right|Mohenjo-daro, 25 km di barat daya [[Larkana]], adalah pusat Tamadun Lembah Indus Valley [[abad ke-26 SM|2600 SM]]-[[abad ke-19 SM|1900 SM]]]]
Mohenjo-daro adalah sebuah binaan purbakala yang luar biasa, kerana mempunyai susun atur [[Bandaraya terancang|terancang]] yang berasaskan grid jalanan ayang gridtersusun ofmengikut streetscorak yang kemas sekali. Pada kemuncaknya, whichkota wereini laidbarangkali outdiduduki inkira-kira perfect35,000 patternsorang. AtBinaan-binaan itsdi heightkota theini citybegitu probablymaju, haddengan aroundstruktur-struktur 35,000yang terdiri daripada batu-bata buatan lumpur dan kayu bakar terjemur matahari yang sekata residentssaiznya.
The buildings of the city were particularly advanced, with structures constructed of same-sized sun dried bricks of baked mud and burned wood.
 
The public buildings of these cities also suggest a high degree of social organization. The so-called Great Granary at Mohenjo-daro as interpreted by Sir Mortimer Wheeler in 1950 is designed with bays to receive carts delivering crops from the countryside, and there are ducts for air to circulate beneath the stored grain to dry it. However, Jonathan Mark Kenoyer has noted that no record of grain exists at the "granary." Thus Kenoyer suggests that a more appropriate title would be "Great Hall."<ref>Kenoyer, Jonathan Mark. “Indus Cities, Towns and Villages.” Ancient Cities of the Indus Valley Civilization. Islamabad: American Institute of Pakistan Studies, 1998. 65.</ref>
 
Bangunan-bangunan awam di kota-kota ini adalah tanda masyarakat yang sangat terancang. Binaan yang bergelar Jelapang Besar di Mohenjo-daro mengikut tafsiran Sir Mortimer Wheeler pada tahun 1950 direka dengan ruang-ruang untuk menyambut pedati yang menghantar hasil tanaman dari desa, dan juga terdapat salur-salur untuk mengedarkan udara di bawah bijian dalam jelapang untuk mengeringkannya. Namun demikian, Jonathan Mark Kenoyer memperhatikan bahawa tiada bukti pernah adanya bijian dalam "jelapang" ini. Oleh itu, Kenoyer mengatakan lebih wajar diberikannya nama "Dewan Besar".<ref>Kenoyer, Jonathan Mark. “Indus Cities, Towns and Villages.” Ancient Cities of the Indus Valley Civilization. Islamabad: American Institute of Pakistan Studies, 1998. 65.</ref>
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Close to the granary, there is a building similarly civic in nature - a great public bath (sometimes called the [[Great Bath, Mohenjo-daro|Great Bath]]), with steps down to a brick-lined pool in a colonnaded courtyard.
The elaborate [[public bathing|bath]] area was very well built, with a layer of natural [[tar]] to keep it from leaking, and in the centre was the pool. Measuring 12m x 7m, with a depth of 2.4m, it may have been used for religious or spiritual ceremonies.
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Preservation work for Mohenjo-daro was suspended in December 1996 after funding from the government and international organisations stopped. However, in April 1997 the U. N. Educational, Scientific and Culture Organization (UNESCO) funded a $10 million project to be conducted over two decades to protect the standing structures and the site from [[flooding]].
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==Lihat juga==
* [[Chanhudaro]]
Diambil daripada "https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohenjo-daro"