Perang Jepun-Rusia

Perang Jepun-Rusia
Tarikh 8 Februari 1904 – 5 September 1905 Lokasi Manchuria, Laut Kuning Keputusan Kemenangan Jepun; Perjanjian Portsmouth
Pihak yang terlibat
Empayar Rusia Prinsipaliti Montenegro	Empayar Jepun
Komandan dan pemimpin
Tsar Nicholas II Aleksey Kuropatkin Stepan Makarov  † Zinovy Rozhestvensky	Maharaja Meiji Ōyama Iwao Nogi Maresuke Tōgō Heihachirō
Kekuatan
500,000	300,000
Kerugian dan korban
25,331 mati 6,127 mati akibat cedera 11,170 mati akibat penyakit	47,152 mati 11,424 mati akibat cedera 21,802 mati akibat penyakit

Perang Jepun-Rusia (Jepun: 日露戦争code: ja is deprecated ; Romaji: Nichi-Ro Sensō; Rusia: Русско-японская войнаcode: ru is deprecated Russko-Yaponskaya Voyna; Cina ringkas: 日俄战争code: zh is deprecated ; Cina tradisional: 日俄戰爭code: zh is deprecated ; pinyin: Rìézhànzhēng, 10 Februari 1904 – 5 September 1905) adalah satu konflik yang timbul akibat cita-cita untuk meluaskan kuasa oleh Empayar Rusia dan Empayar Jepun ke atas Manchuria dan Korea. Medan pertempuran utama adalah di Manchuria Selatan, terutamanya di kawasan sekitar Semenanjung Liaodong dan Mukden, laut di sekeliling Korea, Jepun, dan Laut Kuning.

Rusia ingin mencari pelabuhan air suam di Lautan Pasifik, untuk tentera laut mereka selain perdagangan maritim. Vladivostok adalah satu-satunya pelabuhan yang beroperasi semasa musim panas, tetapi Pelabuhan Arthur akan beroperasi sepanjang tahun. Bermula pada akhir Perang China-Jepun Pertama dan tahun 1903, rundingan di antara Rusia dan Jepun adalah sia-sia. Jepun memilih peperangan bagi mengekalkan penguasaan ekslusif di Korea.

Keputusan kempen, yang mana tentera Jepun secara konsisten berjaya mengalahkan tentera Rusia, tidak dijangka oleh para pemerhati. Kemenangan ini secara dramatik mengubah keseimbangan kuasa di Asia Timur, menyebabkan penilaian semula kemasukkan terbaru Jepun ke pentas dunia. Kekalahan memalukan menyebabkan rakyat Rusia tidak puas hati akan ketidakcekapan dan rasuah oleh kerajaan Tsar, dan membuktikan penyebab utama pada Revolusi Rusia 1905.

Bibliografi

• Connaughton, R.M., The War of the Rising Sun and the Tumbling Bear—A Military History of the Russo-Japanese War 1904–5, London, 1988, ISBN 0-415-00906-5.
• Forczyk, Robert. Russian Battleship vs Japanese Battleship, Yellow Sea 1904-05. 2009 Osprey. ISBN 978-1-84603-330-8.
• Paine, S.C.M., The Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895: Perceptions, Power, and Primacy, 2003, ISBN 0-521-81714-5
• Strachan, Hew. (2001). Books.Google.com, The First World War: To Arms. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 10-ISBN 0-19-926191-1; 13-ISBN 978-0-19-926191-8

Bacaan lanjut

• Corbett, Sir Julian. Maritime Operations In The Russo-Japanese War 1904–1905. (1994) Originally classified, and in two volumnes, ISBN 1-55750-129-7.
• Grant, R., Captain, D.S.O. Before Port Arthur In A Destroyer. (The Personal Diary Of A Japanese Naval Officer – Translated from the Spanish Edition by Captain R. Grant, D.S.O. Rifle Brigade). John Murray, Albemarle St. W. (1907).
• Hough, Richard A. The Fleet That Had To Die. Ballantine Books. (1960).
• Jukes, Geoffry. The Russo-Japanese War 1904–1905. Osprey Essential Histories. (2002). ISBN 978-1-84176-446-7.
• Kowner, Rotem (2006). Historical Dictionary of the Russo-Japanese War. Scarecrow. ISBN 0-8108-4927-5.
• Matsumura Masayoshi, Ian Ruxton (trans.), Baron Kaneko and the Russo-Japanese War (1904–05), Lulu Press 2009 ISBN 978-0557117512
• Morris, Edmund (2002). Theodore Rex, Books.Gooble.com. New York: Random House. 10-ISBN 0-8129-6600-7; 13-ISBN 978-0-8129-6600-8
• Novikov-Priboy, Aleksei. Tsushima. (An account from a seaman aboard the Battleship Orel (which was captured at Tsushima). London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd. (1936).
• Nish, Ian Hill. (1985). The Origins of the Russo-Japanese War. London: Longman. 10-ISBN 0-582-49114-2; 13-ISBN 978-0-582-49114-4
• Okamoto, Shumpei (1970). The Japanese Oligarchy and the Russo-Japanese War. Columbia University Press.
• Pleshakov, Constantine. The Tsar's Last Armada: The Epic Voyage to the Battle of Tsushima. ISBN 0-465-05792-6. (2002).
• Saaler, Sven und Inaba Chiharu (Hg.). Der Russisch-Japanische Krieg 1904/05 im Spiegel deutscher Bilderbogen, Deutsches Institut für Japanstudien Tokyo, (2005).
• Seager, Robert. Alfred Thayer Mahan: The Man And His Letters. (1977) ISBN 0-87021-359-8.
• Semenov, Vladimir, Capt. The Battle of Tsushima. E.P. Dutton & Co. (1912).
• Semenov, Vladimir, Capt. Rasplata (The Reckoning). John Murray, (1910).
• Tomitch, V. M. Warships of the Imperial Russian Navy. Volume 1, Battleships. (1968).
• Warner, Denis & Peggy. The Tide at Sunrise, A History of the Russo-Japanese War 1904–1905. (1975). ISBN 0-7146-5256-3.
• Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Correspondence Regarding the Negotiations between Japan and Russia (1903–1904), Presented to the Imperial Diet, March 1904 (Tokyo, 1904)

Pautan luar

• RussoJapaneseWar.com, Russo-Japanese War research society.
• BFcollection.net, Database of Russian Army Jewish soldiers injured, killed, or missing in action from the war.
• BYU.edu, Text of the Treaty of Portsmouth:.
• Flot.com, Russian Navy history of war.
• Frontiers.loc.gov, Russo-Japanese Relations in the Far East. Meeting of Frontiers (Library of Congress)
• CSmonitor.com, Treaty of Portsmouth now seen as global turning point from the Christian Science Monitor, by Robert Marquand, 30 December 2005.
• The New Student's Reference Work/Russo-Japanese War
• Montenigrina.net, Montenegrins in the Russo-Japanese War (Montenegrin).