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Etnobotani: Perbezaan antara semakan

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Baris 19:
Apabila maklumat mencukupi wujud, bidang "botani penduduk asli" diasaskan. Botani penduduk asli merupakan kajian bagi semua bentuk sayuran yang digunakan oleh penduduk asli sebagai makanan, perubatan, tekstil, perhiasan, dll.
 
Individu pertama mengkaji perspektif emic bagi dunia tumbuhan merupakan pakar perubatan Jerman yang bekerja di Sarajevo pada akhir abad ke-19: Leopold Glueck. Hasil kerjanya yang diterbitkan berkenaan kegunaan tumbuhan tradisi perubatan yang digunakan oleh penduduk luar bandar Bosnia (1896) boleh dianggap hasil kerja etnobotani moden pertama.
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Istilah "ethnobotany" pertama kali digunakan oleh pakar botanisi John W. Harshberger pada tahun 1895 ketika dia mengajar di Universiti Pennsylvania. Sungguhpun istilah ini tidak digunakan sehingga 1895, minat pratikal bagi etnobotani kembali sejauh permulaan tamadun ketika manusia bergantung pada tumbuhan bagi terus hidup.
The first individual to study the emic perspective of the plant world was a German physician working in Sarajevo at the end of 19th Century: Leopold Glueck. His published work on traditional medical uses of plants done by rural people in Bosnia (1896) has to be considered the first modern ethnobotanical work.{{Citation needed|date=October 2008}}
 
The term "ethnobotany" was first used by a botanist named John W. Harshberger in 1895 while he was teaching at the University of Pennsylvania. Although the term was not used until 1895, practical interests in ethnobotany go back to the beginning of civilization when people relied on plants as a way of survival.{{Citation needed|date=October 2008}}
OtherCendikiawan scholarslain analysedmenganalisa useskegunaan oftumbuhan plantsdi underbawah anpandangan indigenoustempatan/localasal perspectivepada inabad the 20th centuryke-20: e.gcontoh. [[Matilda Coxe Stevenson]], Zunipokok plantsZuni (1915); [[Frank Hamilton Cushing|Frank Cushing]], Zunimakanan foodsZuni (1920); [[Keewaydinoquay Peschel]], AnishinaabeFungi fungiAnishinaabe (1998), anddan thependekatan team approach ofberpasukan Wilfred Robbins, JP Harrington, anddan Barbara Freire-Marreco, Pokok Tewa pueblo plants (1916).
 
Pada awalnya, kajian dan contoh etonobotani tidak boleh diharapkan dan kadang kala tidak berguna. Ini disebabkan pakar botani dan anthropologi tidak bekerja sama dalam kerja mereka. Botani menumpu pada mengenal pasti spesies dan bagaimana tumbuhan digunakan dan bukannya menumpu bagaimana tumbuhan berada dalam kehidupan manusian. Disebaliknya, anthropologi berminat mengenai peranan budaya tumbuhan dan bukannya aspek saintifiknya. Dengan itu, data etnobotani awal tidak benar-benar mengandungi maklumat kedua pihak. Pada awal abad ke-20, botani dan anthropologi akhirnya bekerjasama dan pengumpulan data terperinci dan boleh diharap bermula.
In the beginning, ethonobotanical specimens and studies were not very reliable and sometimes not helpful. This is because the botanists and the anthropologists did not collaborate their work. The botanists focused on identifying species and how the plants were used instead of concentrating upon how plants fit into people's lives. On the other hand, anthropologists were interested in the cultural role of plants and not the scientific aspect. Therefore, early ethnobotanical data does not really include both sides. In the early twentieth century, botanists and anthropologists finally collaborated and the collection of reliable, detailed data began.
 
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==Modern ethnobotany==
Beginning in the 20th century, the field of ethnobotany experienced a shift from the raw compilation of data to a greater methodological and conceptual reorientation. This is also the beginning of academic ethnobotany. The founding father of this discipline is [[Richard Evans Schultes]]. Today the field of ethnobotany requires a variety of skills: botanical training for the identification and preservation of plant specimens; anthropological training to understand the cultural concepts around the perception of plants; linguistic training, at least enough to transcribe local terms and understand native morphology, syntax, and semantics.
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