Solresol

Solresol ialah sebuah bahasa buatan François Sudre, bermula pada 1827. Beliau menerbitkan buku (major) tentangnya, Langue musicale universelle, pada 1866, walaupun beliau telah mengiklankannya selama beberapa tahun dulu. Solresol enjoyed a brief spell of popularity, reaching its pinnacle with Boleslas Gajewski's 1902 posthumous publication of Grammaire du Solresol.

Kosa kata

Perkataan bahasa Solresol dibentuk dengan hanya tujuh suku kata. Sukukata-sukukata tersebut can be represented in a number of different ways — as musical notes of different pitch, as spoken syllables (based on solfège, a way of identifying musical notes), with colours, symbols, hand gestures etc. Thus, theoretically Solresol communication can be done through speaking, singing, flags of different color — even painting.

As in Ro, the longer words are divided into categories of meaning, berdasarkan suku kata atau not pertamanya. Perkataan yang bermula dengan 'sol' membawa maksud berkaitan kesenia dan sains, atau, jika bermula dengan 'solsol', penyakit dan perbuatan (cth, solresol, "bahasa"; solsolredo, "migraine"). Like other constructed languages with a priori vocabulary, Solresol faces considerable problems in categorizing the real world around it sensibly. For example, it is difficult to discriminate in an a priori manner between "apple" and "pear", ataupun hari "Isnin" dan "Selasa."

Satu ciri unik Solresol adalah penafian maksud dengan membalikkan suku kata dalam perkataan. Contohnya, "fala" bermaksud baik atau sedap, dan "lafa" bermaksud tidak sedap. It is unclear how this interacts with the way words are categorized by their first note.

Jadual berikut menunjukkan perkataan sehingga dua suku kata:

Suku kata pertama / kedua	(tiada)	-do	-re	-mi	-fa	-sol	-la	-si
Do-	no, not, neither, nor	(imperfect)	saya	kamu [satu]	dia	self, oneself	one, someone	other
Re-	dan, dan juga	saya, saya punya	(past)	kamu punya [satu]	dia punya	kami punya	kamu, kamu punya [byk]	mereka punya
Mi-	atau, ataupun	for, in order to/that	who, which (rel pron), that (conj)	(future)	whose, of which	well (adv)	here/there is, behold	selamat petang/malam
Fa-	to	what?	with, jointly	this, that	(conditional)	kenapa, untuk sebab apa	baik, sedap (dimakan)	much, very, extremely
Sol-	jika	tetapi	in, within	wrong, ill (adv)	kerana	(imperative)	selama-lamanya, selalu, tanpa henti	terima kasih
La-	the	nothing, no one, nobody	by	sini, sana	bad	never, at no time	(present participle)	of
Si-	ya, baik, setuju, dengan gembiranya	the same (thing)	each, every	selamat pagi/petang	little, scarcely	Encik*	young man, bachelor*	(passive participle)

* Feminine versions are formed by stressing the last syllable.

Ciri-ciri tambahan

Ciri-ciri tambahan Solresol termasuk:

• highly impartial (equally easy or difficult untuk semua orang seperti bahasa buatan a priori lain)
• integrated systems (bahasa isyarat, warna, etc.) for most different handicapped people, boleh digunakan serta-merta tanpa pembelajaran khas)
• gives fast learning success to illiterate people (hanya 7 suku kata atau tanda atau 10 huruf untuk dikenali dan dicam)
• tiada kesusahan perlafazan
• very simple but effective system to differentiate the function of the words in the sentences

Pengajaran bahasa isyarat kepada golongan buta dan bisu diharamkan pada 1880 dan 1991 di France, contributing to Solresol's descent into obscurity. In any case, Solresol does not perform well as a sign language, since the signed form is more similar to spelling words by hand (sign languages naturally develop to take advantage of the greater range of 'phonemes' available, there being thousands of possible simultaneous combinations of hand form, location, orientation and movement).

After a few years of popularity, it faded into obscurity in the face of more successful languages such as Volapük and Esperanto. Despite this, there is still a small community of Solresol enthusiasts scattered across the world, better able to communicate with one another through the electronic medium of the Internet than they might have in days past.

Rujukan

• Umberto Eco. The Search for the Perfect Language. 1993. ISBN 0-631-20510-1

Lihat juga

• Solfege
• Musical language
• Voyage to Faremido
• Sarus (language)

Pautan luar

• Langmaker.com about Solresol
• html-version of the text of the book of François Sudre edition from 1866, Gajewski's Grammar of Solresol, edition 1902, translated in different languages, dictionary of Solresol with more than 13.000 French equivalents in a MySQL data base, and different other texts on artificial languages (Esperanto from 1897, Ido from 1908, Occidental from 1930, and soon, Universalglot, Jean Pirro, from 1868)
• Omniglot on the various ways of writing Solresol
• The Athanasius Kircher Society's blog entry on Solresol
• Grammar of Solresol by Boleslas Gajewski
• Solresol-English/French Mini-Dictionary
• Solresol text collection including full Solresol-French dictionary