Konsonan bibir

Daerah artikulasi
• Bibir
Dwibibir
Bibir-velar
Bibir-gusi
Bibir-gigi
• Dwigigi
• Koronal
Lidah-bibir
Antargigi
Gigi
Gigi-gusi
Gusi
Hujung lidah
Laminal
Belakang gusi
Gusi-lelangit
Gelungan
• Dorsal
Lelangit
Labial-palatal
Velar
Uvular
Uvular-epiglotis
• Radikal
Farinks
Epiglotis-farinks
Epiglotis
• Glotis
Laman ini mengandungi maklumat fonetik dalam IPA yang mungkin tidak dapat dipaparkan dengan betul dalam sesetengah pelayar web. [Bantuan]

Konsonan bibir adalah konsonan dimana satu atau kedua-dua bibir adalah active articulator. This precludes linguolabials, dimana the tip of lidah reaches for the posterior side of the upper lip and which are considered coronals. The two by far konsonan bibir terkenal ialah dwibibir, diartikulasi dengan kedua-dua bibir, dan bibir-gusi, articulated with the lower lip against the upper teeth, both of which are present in English. Other labials include dentolabials, articulated with the upper lip against the lower teeth, the reverse of labiodental.

The most common distribution between bilabials and labiodentals is the English one, in which the stops, [m], [p], and [b], are bilabial and the fricatives, [f], and [v], are labiodental. Bilabial fricatives and the bilabial approximant do not exist in English, but do occur in many languages. For example, the Spanish consonant spelt b or v is pronounced as a voiced bilabial approximant between vowels.

Lip rounding, or labialization, is a common approximant-like co-articulatory feature. English /w/ is a voiced labialized velar approximant, which is far more common than the purely labial approximant. In the languages of the Caucasus labialized dorsals like /kʷ/ and /qʷ/ are very common.

Very few languages, however, make a distinction purely between bilabials and labiodentals, making "labial" usually a sufficient specification of a language's phonemes. One language that does make such a distinction is Ewe, having both kinds of fricatives, though the labiodentals are produced with greater articulatory force.

Lack of labials

While most languages make use of purely labial phonemes, a few generally lack them. Examples are Tlingit, Eyak (both Na-Dené), Wichita (Caddoan), and the Iroquoian languages except Cherokee. All of these languages have seen labials introduced under the influence of English.

Lihat juga

• List of phonetics topics

Rujukan am

• Ladefoged, Peter (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19814-8.