Negara sekular: Perbezaan antara semakan

Sebuah '''negara sekular''' adalah suatu konsep [[secularisme]], di mana sebuah [[negara]] purportsbertujuan menjadi secara rasmi neutral dengan hal [[agama]], tidak menyokong sama ada agama atau menentang agama.<ref>Madeley, John T. S. and Zsolt Enyedi, [http://books.google.com/books?id=n5Brda6FmswC&dq Church and state in contemporary Europe: the chimera of neutrality], p. , 2003 Routledge</ref> Sebuah negara sekular juga mendakwa melayan semua warganya sama tanpa mengura agama, dan mendakwa mencegah layanan kelebihsukaan untuk seorang warga dari suatu agama/tanpa agama khusus ke atas agama lain/tanpa agama. Negara-negara sekular tidak mempunyai sebuah [[agama rasmi]] atau yang sama, walaupun ketidakhadiran sebuah agama rasmi tidak meyakinkan bahawa sebuah negara adalah sekular.

Negara-negara sekular menjadi sekular sama ada pada pertubuhan negara atau dengan [[sekularisasi]] negara (contohnya [[Perancis]]). Gerakan untuk [[laïcité]] di Perancis dan untuk [[separation of church and state]] di Amerika SyariaktSyarikat mentakrifkan konsep moden sekularisme. Historically, theMengikut processsejarah, ofproses secularisingmenyekularkan statesnegara typicallybiasanya involvesmelibatkan grantingmemberikan religiouskebebasan freedomagama, disestablishingmembuangkan stateagama religionsrasmi, stoppingmenghentikan publicdana fundsawam tountuk bedigunakan useduntuk forsuatu a religionagama, freeingmembebaskan thesistem legalhukum systemdari fromkawalan religious controlagama, freeingmembebaskan upsistem the education systempendidikan, toleratingmentolerasikan citizenswarganegara whoyang changemengubah religionagama oratau abstaindicegahkan fromdari religionagama, and allowing politicaldan leadershipmembenarkan tokepimpinan comepolitik todatang powerberkuasa regardlesstanpa ofmengirakan religiouskepercayaan beliefsagama.<ref>Jean Baubérot [http://www.ambafrance-us.org/atoz/secular.asp The secular principle]{{Dead link|date=May 2010}}</ref>

NotTidak allsemua legallynegara secularsekular statessecara arelegal completelyadalah secularkeseluruhannya insekular dalam practiceamalan. In FranceDi forPerancis, examplecontohnya, many Christianbanyak [[holyhari daysuci]]s areKristian officialadalah holidayscuti forrasmi theuntuk publicpentadbiran administrationawam, anddan teachersguru-guru indi [[Catholicsekolah schoolKatolik]]s are salaried bydigajikan theoleh statenegara.<ref>Richard Teese, [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0010-4086(198605)30%3A2%3C247%3APSIFEO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Y Private Schools in France: Evolution of a System], ''[[Comparative Education Review]]'', Vol. 30, No. 2 (May, 1986), pp. 247-259 {{en icon}}</ref> InDi [[India]], thekerajaan government givesmemberikan subsidy inpada airfare foruntuk umat [[MuslimsIslam]] goingyang onmengamal [[Hajhaji]] pilgrimage(SeeLihat [[Haj subsidy]]). In Pada 2007, the government hadkerajaan totelah spendmembelanja Rs. 47,454 pertiap passengerpenumpang.<ref>[http://www.financialexpress.com/news/haj-subsidy-has-air-india-fuming/360651/0 Haj subsidy has Air India fuming<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

ManyBanyak statesnegara thatyang nowadayshari areini secularsekular indalam practiceamalan maymungkin have legalmempunyai vestiges oflegal andari earliersuatu [[establishedagama religionditubuhkan]] yang terdahulunya. SecularismSekularisme alsojuga hasmempunyai variouspelbagai guisessamaran whichyang maydapat coincideterserempak withdengan somesesetengah degreeperingkat ofagama official religiosityrasmi. Thus Oleh itu, in thedalam [[CommonwealthDunia RealmsKomonwel]], theketua headnegara ofdiperlukan state is required to take themengambil [[Coronation Oath Act 1688|Coronation Oath]]<ref>[http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page4105.asp Coronation Oath]{{Dead link|date=May 2010}}</ref> swearingmengangkat tosumpah kepada [[defenderpelindung of the faithagama|uphold the Protestant faith]]. The United Kingdom alsojuga maintainsmengekalkan positionsposisi indalam itsdewan upperpertuanannya house fordengan 26 seniorketua clergymenpaderi ofdari theGereja establishedEngland Churchyang oftelah Englandditubuhkan known as thesebagai [[LordsTuan SpiritualRohaniah]] (spiritualpeer peersrohaniah).<ref>[http://www.parliament.uk/about/how/members/lords_types.cfm Different types of Lords]</ref> While Scotland is part of the United Kingdom the Scottish Parliament declared Scotland a secular state but maintains the religious monarch.<ref>[http://www.vexen.co.uk/UK/religion.html]</ref> The reverse progression can also occur, a state can go from being secular to a [[state religion|religious state]] as in the case of [[Iran]] where the secularized state of the [[Pahlavi dynasty|Pahlavi dynasts]] was replaced by the [[Islamic Republic]] (list below). Over the last 250 years, there has been a trend towards secularism.<ref>[http://www.harrisinteractive.com/news/allnewsbydate.asp?NewsID=1131 Harris Interactive News Room - Religious views and beliefs vary greatly by country, according to the latest Financial Times/Harris poll<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://people-press.org/reports/display.php3?ReportID=300 Summary of Findings: A Portrait of "Generation Next"<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://science.jrank.org/pages/11240/Secularization-Secularism-History-Nature-Secularization-Secularism-1914.html Secularization and Secularism - History and nature of secularization and secularism till 1914 ]</ref>