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Zaman Kelam: Perbezaan antara semakan

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Dalam [[historiografi]], frasa '''Zaman Kelam''' paling dikenali sebagai [[Zaman Pertengahan Awal]] [[Eropah]], dari lebih kurang [[476|476 Masihi]] hingga kira-kira [[1000|1000 Masihi]].
 
Konsep "Zaman Kelam" ini dicipta oleh penyokong-penyokong [[humanisme]] dan pada asalnya bertujuan sebagai kritikan umum terhadap sifat [[kesusasteraan]] [[Bahasa Latin Kasar|Latin Lewat]]. Ahli-ahli [[sejarah]] kemudian memperluas erti istilah ini untuk merangkumi bukan sahaja kekurangan sastera Latin, tetapi juga kekurangan sejarah tertulis sezaman dan pencapaian kebudayaan yang penting pada umumnya. [[Budaya popular]] memperluas istilah ini lagi sebagai alat untuk menggambarkan [[Zaman Pertengahan]] sebagai tempoh kemunduran, dan memperluas erti memburuknya serta memperbesar ruang lingkupnya.
This concept of a "Dark Age" was created by Italian [[humanism|humanists]] and was originally intended as a sweeping criticism of the character of [[Vulgar Latin|Late Latin]] literature. Later historians expanded the term to include not only the lack of Latin literature, but a lack of contemporary written history and material cultural achievements in general. [[Popular culture]] has further expanded on the term as a vehicle to depict the Middle Ages as a time of backwardness, extending its [[pejorative]] use and expanding its scope. The rise of [[archaeology]] and other specialities in the 20th century has shed much light on the period and offered a more nuanced understanding of its positive developments. Other terms of [[periodization]] have come to the fore: [[Late Antiquity]], the Early Middle Ages and the [[Migration Period|Great Migrations]], depending on which aspects of culture are being emphasized.
 
Most modern historians dismiss the notion that the era was a "Dark Age" by pointing out that this idea was based on ignorance of the period combined with popular stereotypes: many previous authors would simply assume that the era was a dismal time of violence and stagnation and use this assumption to prove itself. ▼
Kebangkitan [[arkeologi]] dan bidang-bidang yang lain pada [[abad ke-20]] telah banyak menjelaskan zaman tersebut dan membekalkan pemahaman nuansa tentang perkembangan-perkembangannya yang positif. Istilah-istilah [[penzamanan]] yang lain telah tampil ke muka: [[Zaman Purba Lewat]], [[Zaman Pertengahan Awal]], dan [[Zaman Penghijrahan]], bergantung kepada segi-segi budaya yang ditegaskan.
 
▲MostKebanyakan modernahli historianssejarah dismissmoden themenolak notiontanggapan that thebahawa era wasitu aadalah "DarkZaman AgeKelam" bymelalui pointingmenunjukkan out that thisbahawa idea wasini basedberdasarkan onkejahilan ignorancetentang ofzaman theitu, periodbersama-sama combineddengan withstereotaip popular stereotypes: many previous authors would simply assume that the era was a dismal time of violence and stagnation and use this assumption to prove itself.
 
In [[Britain]] and the [[United States]], the phrase "Dark Ages" has occasionally been used by professionals, with severe qualification, as a term of periodization. This usage is intended as non-judgmental and simply means the relative lack of written record, "silent" as much as "dark."
Diambil daripada "https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaman_Kelam"