Zaman Kelam: Perbezaan antara semakan
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[[Image:Petrarch by Bargilla.jpg|right|thumb|
Dalam [[historiografi]], frasa '''Zaman Kelam''' paling dikenali sebagai [[Zaman Pertengahan Awal]] [[Eropah]], dan berlangsung dari lebih kurang [[476|476 Masihi]] hingga kira-kira [[1000|1000 Masihi]].
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Kebangkitan [[arkeologi]] dan bidang-bidang yang lain pada [[abad ke-20]] telah banyak menjelaskan zaman tersebut dan membekalkan pemahaman nuansa tentang perkembangan-perkembangannya yang positif. Istilah-istilah [[penzamanan]] yang lain juga tampil ke muka: [[Zaman Purba Lewat]], [[Zaman Pertengahan Awal]], dan [[Zaman Penghijrahan]], bergantung kepada segi-segi budaya yang ditegaskan.
Kebanyakan ahli sejarah moden menolak tanggapan bahawa era itu adalah "Zaman Kelam" dan menunjukkan bahawa idea ini adalah berdasarkan kejahilan tentang zaman itu, bersama-sama dengan stereotaip popular:
Di [[Britain]] dan [[Amerika Syarikat]], frasa "Zaman Kelam" kekadang digunakan oleh ahli-ahli profesional dengan syarat-syarat yang ketat sebagai satu istilah penzamanan. Penggunaannya tidak bertujuan untuk menilai zaman itu, tetapi hanya untuk bermaksud ketiadaan rekod tertulis, iaitu "kelam" dan juga "senyap".
===Petrarch dan "Zaman Kelam"===
[[Image:Tommaso.Laureti.Triumph.of.Christianity.jpg|right|thumb|
It is generally accepted that the term was invented by [[Petrarch]] in the [[1330s]]. Writing of those who had come before him, he said that "amidst the errors there shone forth men of genius, no less keen were their eyes, although they were ''surrounded by darkness'' and dense gloom"<ref>Mommsen.</ref>. Christian writers had traditional metaphors of "light versus darkness" to describe "good versus evil." Petrarch was the first to co-opt the metaphor and give it secular meaning by reversing its application. Classical Antiquity, so long considered the "dark age" for its lack of Christianity, was now seen by Petrarch as the age of "light" because of its cultural achievements, while Petrarch's time, lacking such cultural achievements, was now seen as the age of darkness.
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