Animasi tradisional: Perbezaan antara semakan

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KLITE789 (bincang | sumb.)
Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan ' '''Animasi tradisional''', ('''animasi sel''' atau '''animasi lukisan tangan''') merupakan sejenis teknik animasi yang mana setiap pemidang [[Lukis|dil...'
 
KLITE789 (bincang | sumb.)
Baris 70:
Komputer dan kamera video digital juga boleh digunakan sebagai peralatan dalam animasi sel tradisional tanpa melibatkan filem itu secara langsung, dan dengan itu memudahkan kerja para juruanimasi serta mempercepat seluruh proses. Pembuatan susun atur pada komputer jauh lebih berkesan daripada melakukannya secara tradisional. Tambahan pula, kamera video boleh memperlihatkan "pratonton" rupa babak-babak itu apabila siap demi kemudahan para juruanimasi untuk memperbaiki dan memperhalus hasil kerja mereka tanpa perlu menyiapkannya terlebih dahulu. Ini boleh dianggap sebagai "ujian pensel" versi digital.
 
<!--==Teknik==
===Sel===
[[Image:Animation cells.png|frame|Gambarajah ini menunjukkan bagaimana dua helai sel lutsinar, setiap satunya tertulis satu watak yang berlainan, difotokan sekali dengan latar belakang yang legap untuk membentuk imej kompost.]]
Sel merupakan hasil inovasi yang penting bagi animasi tradisional, kerana ia membolehkan sesetengah bahagian pada setiap pemidang diulangi dari pemidang ke pemidang, sekaligus menjimatkan tenaga kerja. A simple example would be a scene with two characters on screen, one of which is talking and the other standing silently. Since the latter character is not moving, it can be displayed in this scene using only one drawing, on one cel, while multiple drawings on multiple cels will be used to animate the speaking character.
 
For a more complex example, consider a sequence in which a girl sets a plate upon a table. The table will stay still for the entire sequence, so it can be drawn as part of the background. The plate can be drawn along with the character as the character places it on the table. However, after the plate is on the table, the plate will no longer move, although the girl will continue to move as she draws her arm away from the plate. In this example, after the girl puts the plate down, the plate can then be drawn on a separate cel from the girl. Further frames will feature new cels of the girl, but the plate does not have to be redrawn as it is not moving; the same cel of the plate can be used in each remaining frame that it is still upon the table. The cel paints were actually manufactured in shaded versions of each colour to compensate for the extra layer of cel added between the image and the camera, in this example the still plate would be painted slightly brighter to compensate for being moved one layer down.
 
In very early cartoons made before the use of the cel, such as ''[[Gertie the Dinosaur]]'' (1914), the entire frame, including the background and all characters and items, were drawn on a single sheet of paper, then photographed. Everything had to be redrawn for each frame containing movements. This led to a "jittery" appearance; imagine seeing a sequence of drawings of a mountain, each one slightly different from the one preceding it. The pre-cel animation was later improved by using techniques like the slash and tear system invented by [[Raoul Barre]]; the background and the animated objects were drawn on separate papers. A frame was made by removing all the blank parts of the papers where the objects were drawn before being placed on top of the backgrounds and finally photographed. The cel animation process was invented by [[Earl Hurd]] and [[J. R. Bray|John Bray]] in 1915.
 
===Limited animation===
In lower-budget productions, shortcuts available through the cel technique are used extensively. For example, in a scene in which a man is sitting in a chair and talking, the chair and the body of the man may be the same in every frame; only his head is redrawn, or perhaps even his head stays the same while only his mouth moves. This is known as ''[[limited animation]].'' The process was popularized in theatrical cartoons by [[United Productions of America]] and used in most [[television]] animation, especially that of [[Hanna-Barbera]]. The end result does not look very lifelike, but is inexpensive to produce, and therefore allows cartoons to be made on small television budgets.
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==Rujukan==
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