Liga Bangsa: Perbezaan antara semakan
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'''Liga Bangsa-bangsa''' merupakan sebuah [[perbadanan antarabangsa]] yang ditubuhkan selepas [[Persidangan Keamanan Paris 1919]]. Matlamat-matlamatnya termasuk [[gencatan senjata]]; mengelak peperangan melalui [[keselamatan kolektif]]; menyelesaikan perselisihan antara negara-negara melalui perundingan dan diplomasi; dan meningkatkan taraf hidup di seluruh dunia. Falsafah diplomasi Liga merupakan sebuah perubahan besar dalam cara berfikir mengenai diplomasi. Falsafah yang lama, yang diasaskan pada [[Kongres Vienna]] (1815), melihat [[Eropah]] sebagai suatu peta perikatan antara negara-negara yang selalu berubah. Hal ini mencipta suatu [[keseimbangan kuasa]] yang dipelihara oleh tentera yang kuat dan persetujuan rahsia. Menurut falsafah yang baru, Liga Bangsa-bangsa merupakan sebuah kerajaan untuk kerajaan, yang memainkan peranan menyelesaikan perselisihan antara negara-negara individu dalam suatu forum yang terbuka dan berasaskan undang-undang. Sokongan untuk Liga paling kuat daripada Presiden [[Parti Demokrat (Amerika Syarikat)|Demokrat]] [[Woodrow Wilson]], dari [[Amerika Syarikat]] (AS), walaupun AS tidak menyertai Liga selama-lamanya.
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== Mandat-mandat ==
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League of Nations Mandates were established under Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations. These territories were former [[colony|colonies]] of the [[German Empire]] and the [[Ottoman Empire]] that were placed under the supervision of the League following World War I. There were three Mandate classifications:
; '''An "A" Mandate''' : This was a territory which "''had reached a stage of development where their existence as independent nations can be provisionally recognised, subject to the rendering of administrative advice and assistance by a "Mandatory" until such time as they are able to stand alone. The wishes of these communities must be a principal consideration in the selection of the Mandatory.''" These were mainly parts of the old Ottoman Empire.
; '''A "B" Mandate''' : This was a territory which "''was at such a stage that the Mandatory must be responsible for the administration of the territory under conditions which will guarantee:''
:* ''Freedom of [[conscience]] and [[religion]]''
:* ''The maintenance of [[social control|public order]] and [[public morality|morals]]''
:* ''Prohibition of abuses such as the [[slave trade]], the arms traffic and the [[distilled beverage|liquor]] traffic''
:* ''The prevention of the establishment of fortifications or military and naval bases and of military training of the natives for other than political purposes and the defence of territory''
:* ''Equal opportunities for the trade and commerce of other Members of the League.''"
; '''A "C" Mandate''' : This was a territory "''which, owing to the sparseness of their population, or their small size, or their remoteness from the centres of civilisation, or their geographical contiguity to the territory of the Mandatory, and other circumstances, can be best administered under the laws of the Mandatory.''"
(Quotations taken from ''The Essential Facts About the League of Nations'', a handbook published in [[Geneva]] in 1939).
The territories were governed by "Mandatory Powers", such as the UK in the case of the [[British Mandate of Palestine|Mandate of Palestine]] and the [[Union of South Africa]] in the case of [[South-West Africa]], until the territories were deemed capable of self-government. There were fourteen mandate territories divided up among the six Mandatory Powers of the [[United Kingdom]], [[France]], [[Belgium]], [[New Zealand]], [[Australia]] and [[Japan]]. In practice, the Mandatory Territories were treated as colonies and were regarded by critics as spoils of war. With the exception of [[Iraq]], which joined the League on [[October 3]] [[1932]], these territories did not begin to gain their independence until after the [[Second World War]], a process that did not end until 1990. Following the demise of the League, most of the remaining mandates became [[United Nations Trust Territories]].
== Kejayaan ==
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