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{{Hidupan
|Nama hidupan=Kubung
|Gambar=Kaguang-drawingKaguaani 02.jpg
|Alam=Haiwan
|Filum=Kordata
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<!----
'''Colugos''' are [[arboreal]] gliding [[mammal]]s found in [[South-east Asia]]. There are just two [[species]], each in its own [[genus]], which make up the entire [[family (biology)|family]] '''Cynocephalidae''' and [[order (biology)|order]] '''Dermoptera'''. Though they are the most capable of all mammal gliders, they cannot actually fly. They are also known as '''cobegos''' or '''flying lemurs''' (misleadingly, since they are not [[lemur]]s and cannot fly).
 
Colugos are fairly large for a tree-dwelling mammal: at about 35 to 40 cm in length and 1 or 2 [[kilogram]]s in weight, they are comparable to a medium-sized [[possum]] or a very large [[squirrel]]. They have moderately long, slender limbs of equal length front and rear, a medium-length tail, and a relatively light build. The head is small, with large, front-focused eyes for excellent binocular vision, and small, rounded ears. When born, the Colugo weighs only about 35g (1.2oz) and do not reach adult size for 2–3 years.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Macdonald (Ed)
| first = Professor David W.
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title = The Encyclopedia of Mammals
| publisher = Oxford University Press
| date = 2006
| location =
| pages =
| url =
| doi =
| isbn = 0-19-920608-2 }}</ref> {{fact|date=June 2007}}
 
Their most distinctive feature, however, is the membrane of skin that extends between their limbs and gives them the ability to glide long distances between trees. Of all the [[gliding mammal]]s, the colugos have the most extensive adaptation to flight. Their gliding membrane, or ''[[patagium]]'', is as large as is geometrically possible: it runs from the shoulder blades to the fore-paw, from the tip of the rear-most finger to the tip of the toes, and from the hind legs to the tip of the tail; unlike in other known gliding mammals even the spaces between the fingers and toes are webbed to increase the total surface area, as in the wings of [[bat]]s. As a result, colugos were traditionally considered being close to the ancestors of bats, but are now usually seen as the closest living relatives to [[primate]]s.
 
They are surprisingly clumsy climbers. Lacking opposable thumbs and not being especially strong, they proceed upwards in a series of slow hops, gripping onto the bark of trees with their small, sharp claws. They are as comfortable hanging underneath a branch as sitting on top of it. In the air, however, they are very capable, and can glide as far as 70 metres (229 feet) from one tree to another with minimal loss of height.
 
Colugos are shy, [[nocturnal]], and restricted to the tropical [[rainforest]]s of Southeast Asia. In consequence, remarkably little is known about their habits. They are certainly [[herbivore]]s, and are thought to eat mostly leaves, shoots, flowers and sap, and probably fruit as well. They have well-developed stomachs capable of extracting nutriment from leaves.
 
==Classification==
There are two species, the [[Sunda Flying Lemur]] being the larger and more common of the two.
 
* '''ORDER DERMOPTERA'''
** '''Family Cynocephalidae'''
*** ''[[Cynocephalus]]''
**** [[Philippine Flying Lemur]], ''Cynocephalus volans''
*** ''[[Galeopterus]]''
**** [[Sunda Flying Lemur]], ''Galeopterus variegatus''
 
Both species are threatened by [[habitat destruction]], and the [[Philippine Flying Lemur]] is classified by the [[IUCN]] as vulnerable. In addition to the ongoing clearing of its rainforest habitat, it is hunted for its meat and fur. It is also hunted by the gravely endangered [[Philippine Eagle]]: some studies suggest that colugos account for 90% of the eagle's diet. It is not known how the diurnal eagles catch so many of the nocturnal colugos, which are thought to spend the greater part of the day curled up in tree hollows or hanging inconspicuously underneath a branch.
 
The [[Mixodectidae]] appear to be fossil Dermoptera. However although other [[Paleogene]] mammals have been interpreted as related to Dermopterans, the evidence for this is uncertain and many of them are no longer interpreted as being gliding mammals.
 
Although they are [[placental]] mammals, colugos are almost [[marsupial]]-like in their breeding habits. The young are born after just 60 days of gestation in a tiny and undeveloped form, and spend their first six months or so of life clinging to the mother's belly. To protect them and transport them she curls her tail up to fold the gliding membrane into a warm, secure quasi-pouch. Breeding is fairly slow as the young do not reach full size until they are two or three years old.
 
Recent [[molecular phylogeny|molecular phylogenetic]] studies have demonstrated that colugos belong to the [[clade]] [[Euarchonta]] along with the [[treeshrew]]s (order [[Scandentia]]) and the [[primates]]. In this taxonomy, the [[Euarchonta]] are sister to the [[Glires]] ([[Lagomorpha|lagomorphs]] and [[rodent]]s), and the two groups are combined into the [[clade]] [[Euarchontoglires]].
 
{{Clade
| label1=[[Euarchontoglires]]
| 1={{Clade
| label1=[[Glires]]
| 1={{Clade
| 1=[[Rodent]]ia (rodents)
| 2=[[Lagomorpha]] (rabbits, hares, pikas)}}
| label2=[[Euarchonta]]
| 2={{Clade
| 1=[[Treeshrew|Scandentia]] (treeshrews)
| 2={{Clade
| 1='''Dermoptera''' (flying lemurs)
| 2={{Clade
| 1=†[[Plesiadapiformes]]
| 2=[[Primate|Primates]]}} }} }} }}
}}
 
However morphological studies suggest that they are related to bats (or at least to Megachiroptera), tree shrews, primates and fossil mammals such as Plesiadapiformes. Some mammalogists include Cynocephalidae as especially associated with the Primates as the Primatomorpha.
 
{{Clade
| label1=[[Archonta]]
| 1={{Clade
| 1=[[Chiroptera]]?
| 2={{Clade
| 1=[[Scandentia]]
| 2=Dermoptera
| 3=[[Primates]]}} }}
}}
 
Alternatively, some mammalogists suggest that Dermoptera are related to Chiroptera, which may also be explained by convergent adaptations to gliding.
 
{{Clade
| label1=[[Archonta]]
| 1={{Clade
| label1=[[Volitantia]]
| 1={{Clade
| 1=Dermoptera
| 2=[[Chiroptera]]}}
| 2={{Clade
| 1=[[Scandentia]]
| 2=[[Primates]]}} }}
}}
 
 
---->
'''Kubung''' ([[bahasa Inggeris]]: ''Malayan flying Lemur'') ialah salah satu daripada [[haiwan]] yang terdapat di [[Malaysia]]. Nama sainsnya ''Cynocephalus variegatus''. Terdapat juga 2 spesies lain yang berkait iaitu ''Cynocephalus volans dan Galeopterus variegatus''.
 
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==Rujukan==
<references/>
{{commons|Galeopterus variegatus}}
*{{MSW3 Stafford|pages=110}}
{{wikispecies|Galeopterus variegatus}}
 
==Pautan luar==
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[[Kategori: Dermoptera]]
 
 
[[da:Kaguanger]]
[[encs:ColugoLetucha malajská]]
[[fies:KaguaanitGaleopiteco]]
[[nl:VliegendeMaleise kattenvliegende kat]]
[[nopl:SkjermflygereLotokot malajski]]
[[pl:Lotokotowate]]
[[sk:Letuchovité]]
Diambil daripada "https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubung"