Ecchi: Perbezaan antara semakan

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{{nihongo|'''''Ecchi'''''|エッチ|etchi|extra={{IPA-ja|et.tɕi|pron}}}} adalah sebuah terma [[slanga]] dalam bahasa Jepun yang biasa digunakan untuk [[fantasi erotik]] dan [[sindiran]] seksual. Sebagai [[adjektif]] ia biasa digunakan untukl menyatakan "cabul", "nakal", "sembrono"; sebagai [[kata kerja]] (ecchi suru), bermaksud melakukan cabul, nakal, sembrono atau tidur bersama; atau sebagai [[kata nama]], menyatakan seseorang dilihat sebagai seorang ecchi. Perkataan sinonimnya iaitu ''ero'' (daripada [[Eros]]) dan tidak mempunyai apa-apa makna yang keras seperti [[hentai]].
 
Perkataan ini tidak hanya digunakan di Jepun, ia juga digunakan di seluruh dunia dalam fandom media Jepun untuk menggambarkan tema atau bersifat seksual. Perkataan ''ecchi'' juga boleh bermaksud apa-apa daripada sederhana kepada menghina dalam bahasa Jepun, ia digunakan dalam budaya Barat untuk membahagikan antara pornografi (hentai) dan penggunaan suka bermain imej seksual (ecchi).<ref name="s.keller-2008" /> Kerja yang dianggap sebagai ecchi tidak menunjukkan apa-apa [[persetubuhan]] atau [[ciri-ciri seksual rendah]]. Bagaimanapun, ia bergantung kepada tahap imaginasi penilaian penonton sendiri. Dalam media sebegitu, ia selalu digunakan bersama [[servis peminat]] dalam cara yang kelakar. Jenis tema atau bersifat seksual ini hanya didapati dalam [[manga]] [[Shōnen]]/[[Seinen]] dan [[anime]] [[harem]].<ref name="r.brenner">Robin E. Brenner: ''Understanding manga and anime.'' Libraries Unlimited, 2007, ISBN 978-1-59158-332-5, p. 89.</ref><ref name="askjohn">Ask John: [http://www.animenation.net/blog/2005/05/20/ask-john-why-do-americans-hate-harem-anime/ Why Do Americans Hate Harem Anime?]. animenation.net. May 20. 2005. ''Nota: servis peminat dan ecchi selalu dianggap satu perkataan yang sama''</ref>
 
== Etimologi dan penggunaan dalam Jepun ==
Transkripsi yang betul bagi perkataan ini adalah {{lang|ja|エッチ}} selepas [[perumian Hepburn|Hepburn]] iaitu “etchi”, menandakan penggunaan di Jepun.<ref>Selepas lihat sumber artikel {{en}} [[en:Hepburn romanization|perumian Hepburn]]. Dalam Hepburn, [[sokuon]] (っ, ''tsu'' kecil) telah dirumikan sebagai ''t'' sebelum ''ch''.</ref> Maksud terkini ''ecchi'' tidak terlalu jauh dengan “[[hentai]]” ({{lang|ja|変態}}).
 
“Hentai” itselfmempunyai wasmaksud introducedyang intersendiri thesemasa [[era Meiji period]] as a term foriatiu ''change ofperubahan formbentuk'' oratau ''transformationtransformasi'' indalam [[sciencesains]] anddan [[psychologypsikologi]]. InDalam contextkonteks, itia wastelah useddigunakan tountuk refermerujuk tokepada disordersgangguan such asseperti [[hysteriahisteria]] oratau tountuk describemenggambarkan [[paranormalfenomena phenomenaparanormal]] likeseperti [[hypnosishipnosis]] anddan [[telepathytelepati]].<ref name="hikaru-2004">{{cite book |last=Hikaru |first=Saitō |title=Hentai—H |pages=45–58 |publisher=Kōdansha gendaishinsho |year=2004 |edition=Kansai seiyoku kenkyūkai |series=Sei no yōgoshū}}</ref> FurtherLagi spreadingmenyebarkan theperkataan wordyang ledmembawa tokepada the connotation ofkonotasi ''nonbukan standard''. InPada the 1910s1910-an, itia wastelah useddigunakan indalam [[sexologyseksologi]] assebagai theperkarangan compoundungkapan expression"hentai “hentai seiyoku”seiyoku" ({{lang|ja|変態性欲}}, ''abnormal sexual desire'')<ref>{{cite book |first=Jennifer |last=Robertson |title=Gender and the State in Japan |publisher=The George Washington University Institute for Ethnographic Research |volume=Vol. 64 |series=Theatrical Resistance, Theatres of Restraint: The Takarazuka Revue and the "State Theatre" Movement in Japan |year=1991 |pages=165–177}}</ref> and became popular within the theory of sexual deviance (''Hentai seiyoku ron''), published by Eiji Habuto and Jun′ichirō Sawada in 1915.<ref>{{cite book |first=Jennifer |last=Robertson |title=Dying to Tell: Sexuality and Suicide in Imperial Japan |publisher=The University of Chicago Press |volume=Vol.25 |year=1999 |page=21}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Jim |last=Reichert |title=Deviance and Social Darwinism in Edogawa Ranpo's Erotic-Grotesque Thriller "Kotō no oni" |series=Journal of Japanese Studies |publisher=The Society for Japanese Studies |volume=Vol. 27 |page=128}}</ref> In the 1920s, many publications targeted a broad audience, dealing with deviant sexual appearances, including works related to the [[Ero guro|Ero Guro Nansensu]] movement. Matsuzawa calls it a period characterized by a ''“hetai boom”''.<ref>[[Goichi Matsuzawa]] (1997). ''Meiji, Taishō, Shōwa, kindai fūzoku shuppan no rekishi, Ero no hon''. Tokyo. Wani no ana. p. 55</ref> In the 1930s began a new western influenced period of censorship which resulted in progressive stop of publication.<ref>[[Sabine Frühstück]] (2003). ''Colonizing Sex: Sexology and Social Control in Modern Japan''. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-23548-7. p. 15</ref>
 
After the war, in the 1950s, new journals showed an interest in hentai. With this renewed interest, the word hentai is sometimes written in [[romaji]] and it was then that ''H'' (pronounced as {{lang|ja|エッチ}}, as the pronunciation of the English letter H, {{IPAc-en|ˈ|eɪ|tʃ}}) began to be used as an alternative to “hentai”. In 1952, the magazine ''[[Shukan Asahi]]'' reported that a woman who was groped by a stranger in a movie theater reacted with ''"ara etchi yo"'' (''"hey, it's a pervert"''). In this context, “etchi” must be understood as ''sexually inappropriate'' and is synonymous to ''iyarashii'' ({{lang|ja|嫌らしい}}, unpleasant, dirty or disgusting) or ''sukebe'' ({{lang|ja|すけべ}}, a pervert). From that moment, the meaning of “hentai” and “etchi” evolved independently. In the 1960s, etchi started to be used by the youth to refer to [[sex]] in general. In 1965, a newspaper reported that primary school children using ''etchi kotoba'' (the word ''sexy''). In the 1980s, it was used to mean ''sex'' as in the phrase ''etchi suru'' (to [make] love).<ref name="hikaru-2004"/><ref>[[Mark McLelland]] (2006). ''A Short History of <nowiki>'Hentai'</nowiki>''. In: ''Intersections: Gender, History and Culture in the Asian Context''. Vol. 12.</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Cunningham | first = Phillip J. | title = Zakennayo! | page = 30 | publisher = Penguin Group | year = 1995}}</ref> The most common theory states that it derives from the first character of the word {{nihongo|''[[hentai]]''|変態}},<ref>{{cite web | url = http://gogen-allguide.com/e/h.html | title = エッチ | publisher = 語源由来辞典 | language = Japanese}}</ref>