Angkatan Kencana: Perbezaan antara semakan
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Baris 1:
{{Infobox
|native_name =
|conventional_long_name = ''Ulus of Jochi''<br
|common_name =
|continent = Eurasia
|status_text = State of the [[Mongol Empire]]
|region = Eastern Europe and Western and Central Siberia
|country =
|era = Late Middle Ages
|year_start = 1240-an▼
|status =
|date_start =1240-an▼
|event_start = Established after the [[Mongol invasion of Rus']]
|legislature = [[Kurultai]]
|event1
|date_event1 = 1379
|event2
|date_event2 = 1466
|event_end
|year_end
|date_end
|p1
|flag_p1
|p2 = Cuman-Kipchak Confederation
|flag_p2 =
|flag_s1 = Gerae-tamga.svg▼
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|flag_s2 =
|flag_s4 = Kazakh Khanate.svg▼
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|s7 = Khanate of Sibir
|flag_s7 =
|flag_s8 = Timurid.svg▼
|s8 = Khanate of Khiva
|image_flag =Flag of the Golden horde.jpg▼
|image_coat =▼
|s9 = Timurid dynasty
|image_map = GoldenHorde1300.png▼
|flag_s9 =
|image_flag = Golden_Horde_flag_1339.svg
|capital = [[Sarai (bandar)|Sarai Batu]]▼
|image_map_caption =
|leader1 = [[Orda Khan]] ([[Angkatan Putih]])▼
|year_leader1 = 1226-1280▼
|common_languages = [[Mongolian language]], [[Kipchak language|Kypchak language]]
|leader2 = [[Batu Khan]] ([[Angkatan Biru]])▼
|religion = [[Tengrism]], [[Shamanism]], [[Islam]], [[Christianity]], [[Judaism]], [[Tibetan Buddhism]]<br><small>(1240s–1313)</small><br>[[Islam]]<br><small>(1313–1502)</small>
|year_leader2 = 1242-1255▼
|government_type = Semi-[[elective monarchy]], later [[hereditary monarchy]]
|leader3 = [[Tokhtamysh]]▼
|year_leader3 = 1379-1395▼
|leader4 = [[Küchük Muhammad]] ([[Angkatan Agung]])▼
|year_leader4 = 1435-1459▼
|leader5 = [[Syeikh Ahmad (Angkatan Agung)|Syeikh Ahmad]]▼
|year_leader5 = 1481–1498, 1499–1502▼
|title_leader = [[Senarai Khan Angkatan Kencana|Khan]]▼
|legislature = [[Kurultai]]▼
|stat_year1 = 1310▼
|stat_area1 = 6000000▼
|today = {{flag|Russia}}<br>{{flag|Ukraine}}<br>{{flag|Kazakhstan}}<br>{{flag|Moldova}}<br>{{flag|Belarus}}<br>{{flag|Romania}}<br>{{flag|Uzbekistan}}<br>{{flag|Turkmenistan}}<br>{{flag|Georgia}}<br>{{flag|Azerbaijan}}<br>{{flag|Bulgaria}}<br>{{flag|China}}<br>{{flag|Lithuania}}<br>{{flag|Poland}}<br>{{flag|Latvia}}
}}
'''Angkatan Kencana''' ({{lang-mn|''Алтан Орд'', ''Altan Ord''}}, {{lang-kz|''Алтын Орда'', ''Altyn Orda''}}, {{lang-tt|''Алтын Урда'', ''Altın Urda''}}; {{lang-ru|''Золотая Орда'', ''Zolotaya Orda''}}) ialah nama [[bahasa Slavik Timur|Slavik Timur]] untuk [[kekhanan]] [[Mongol]]<ref>[[George Vernadsky|G. Vernadsky]], M. Karpovich: ''The Mongols and Russia'', [[Yale University|Yale University Press]], 1953</ref><ref name="Columbia">"[http://www.bartleby.com/65/go/GoldenHE.html Empire of the Golden Horde]", ''[[The Columbia Encyclopedia]]'', Edisi Keenam, 2001-05.</ref><ref name="May">T. May, "[http://www.accd.edu/sac/history/keller/Mongols/states3.html Khanate of the Golden Horde]", North Georgia College and State University.</ref>—kemudian [[bahasa Turkik|Turkik]]<ref name="Britannica1">"[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9037242/Golden-Horde Golden Horde]", dalam [[Encyclopaedia Britannica]], 2007. Petikan: "''also called '''Kipchak Khanate''' Russian designation for the Ulus Juchi, the western part of the Mongol Empire, which flourished from the mid-13th century to the end of the 14th century.''"</ref>—[[Muslim]]<ref>''Russia and the Golden Horde: The Mongol Impact on Medieval Russian History'' oleh Charles J. Halperin, m/s 111</ref> yang diasaskan di bahagian barat [[Empayar Mongol]] selepas [[serangan Mongol ke atas Rus']] pada 1240-an: [[Rusia]], [[Ukraine]], [[Moldova]], [[Kazakhstan]] dan [[Caucasus]] hari ini. Juga dikenali sebagai '''Ulus Jochi'''<ref name="Britannica1" /> atau '''Kekhanan Kipchak''' (jangan dikelirukan dengan kekhanan [[Kipchak]] sebelum penaklukannya oleh Mongol). Kawasan Angkatan Kencana pada kemuncaknya termasuk kebanyakan [[Eropah Timur]] dari [[Pergunungan Ural]] ke tebing kanan [[Sungai Danube]], menganjur dalam ke timur ke [[Siberia]]. Di selatan, tanah Angkatan Kencana bersempadan dengan [[Laut Hitam]], [[Pergunungan Caucasus]], dan wilayah dinasti [[Mongol]] yang dikenali sebagai [[Ilkhanat]].<ref name="Britannica1" />
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