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'''Kancah Mediterranean dan Timur Tengah''' ialah [[Theater (warfare)#Theater of operations|medan operasi]] terbesar semasa [[Perang Dunia II]]. Saiz Kancah Mediterranean dan Timur Tengah yang luas sawmenyaksikan interconnectedpertembungan naval,kempen land,ketenteraan anddari airdarat, campaignslaut, foughtdan forudara controlbagi of themenguasai [[Mediterranean]], North[[Afrika AfricaUtara]], the[[Tanduk Horn of AfricaAfrika]], the [[MiddleEropah EastTimur]], [[SouthernEropah EuropeSelatan]]. ThePeperangan fightingdi inmedan thisini theatrebermula lasted fromdari 10 JuneJun 1940, whensetelah ItalyItali enteredmenyertai theperang wardi onpihak the side of GermanyJerman, untilsehingga 2 MayMei 1945 whenapabila allkeseluruhan Axistentera forcesPaksi indi ItalyItali surrenderedmenyerah kalah. HoweverBagaimanapun, fightingpertempuran wouldmasih continueberterusan indi Greece – wheredimana tentera British troopstelah haddihantar beenbagi dispatchedmembantu tokerajaan aid the Greek governmentGreece – duringsemasa theperingkat early stages of theawal [[GreekPerang CivilSaudara WarGreece]].
Pihak British menggelar medan ini sebagai Kancah Mediterranean dan Timur Tengah (diberi nama mengikut lokasi dan ibupejabat yang mengawal operasi perang: [[Markas Timur Tengah]]) manakala pihak Amerika memanggilnya medan operasi Kancah Peperangan Mediterranean. Pihak Jerman pula menamakannya 'Mediterranean, Eropah Tenggara, dan Afrika Utara 1939–1942'. Tanpa mengambil kira akan saiz medan ini, beberapa kempen dilihat bukan sebagai kawasan operasi yang berasingan tetapi sebahagian daripada medan perang yang luas.
The British referred to this theatre as the Mediterranean and Middle East Theatre (so called due to the location of the fighting and the name of the headquarters that controlled the initial fighting: [[Middle East Command]]) while the Americans called the theatre of operations the Mediterranean Theatre of War. The German official history of the fighting is dubbed 'The Mediterranean, South-East Europe, and North Africa 1939–1942'. Regardless of the size of the theatre, the various campaigns were not seen as neatly separated areas of operations but part of one vast theatre of war.
Fasis Itali berhasrat untuk membina Empayar Rom yang baru, manakala tentera British pada awalnya mahu mengekalkan status quo. Itali melancarkan beberapa serangan di sekitar Mediterranean, namun banyak yang gagal. Dengan kemasukan tentera Jerman, [[Yugoslavia]] dan [[Greece]] telah dijajah. Pihak Sekutu dan Paksi bertembung di belakang dan sebagainya di seluruh Afrika Utara, dengan campur tangan Paksi di Timur Tengah menyebabkan peperangan merebak disana. Bersama keyakinan yang tinggi, pihak Jerman merancang serangan rumit untuk menakluk Timur Tengah dan kemudian diikuti serangan ke sempadan selatan [[Soviet Union]]. Bagaimanapun, selepas tiga tahun peperangan, tentera Paksi telah dikalahkan di Afrika Utara dan campur tangan mereka di Timur Tengah telah berhenti. Tentera Bersekutu kemudian memulakan satu pencerobohan keatas Eropah Selatan, menyebabkan Itali beralih arah dan menyingkirkan Mussolini. Satu pertempuran yang panjang berlaku di Itali, dan apabila strategi keadaan berubah di tenggara Eropah, tentera British kembali ke Greece.
Fascist Italy aimed to carve out a new Roman Empire, while British forces aimed initially to retain the status quo. Italy launched various attacks around the Mediterranean, which were largely unsuccessful. With the introduction of German forces, [[Yugoslavia]] and [[Greece]] were overrun. Allied and Axis forces engaged in back and forth fighting across North Africa, with Axis interference in the Middle East causing fighting to spread there. With confidence high from early gains, German forces planned elaborate attacks to be launched to capture the Middle East and then to possibly attack the southern border of the [[Soviet Union]]. However, following three years of fighting, Axis forces were defeated in North Africa and their interference in the Middle East was halted. Allied forces then commenced an invasion of Southern Europe, resulting in the Italians switching sides and deposing Mussolini. A prolonged battle for Italy took place, and as the strategic situation changed in southeast Europe, British troops returned to Greece.
Medan peperangan ini, yang paling lama dalam Perang Dunia Kedua, menyebabkan kemusnahan Empayar Itali dan mengubah kedudukan strategik Jerman menyebabkan banyak divisyen tenteranya dikerahkan ke Afrika dan Itali dan jumlah kerugian (termasuk yang ditawan pada penyerahan kalah terakhir) menjadi lebih setengah juta orang. Kerugian bagi pihak Itali, dalam medan ini, berjumlah 177,000 orang dengan beberapa lagi ratus ribu orang ditawan semasa proses kempen. Kerugian British berjumlah lebih 300,000 orang terkorban, cedera, atau ditawan, dan jumlah kerugian Amerika dalam kancah ini ialah 130,000 orang.
The theatre of war, the longest during the Second World War, resulted in the destruction of the Italian Empire and altered the strategic position of Germany resulting in numerous German divisions being deployed to Africa and Italy and total losses (including those captured upon final surrender) being over half a million. Italian losses, in the theatre, amount to around to 177,000 men with a further several hundred thousand captured during the process of the various campaigns. British losses amount to over 300,000 men killed, wounded, or captured, and total American losses in the region amounted to 130,000.
== Lihat juga ==
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