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Reichswehr: Perbezaan antara semakan

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{{about|thetentera Weimardarat RepublicRepublik armyWeimar|the moderntentera armydarat ofmoden GermanyJerman anddan post-World War II army of West Germany|German Army|the World War II army of Germany|German Army (1935–1945)|the World War I army of Germany|German Army (German Empire)|other uses|Heer (disambiguation)}}▼
 
▲{{about|the Weimar Republic army|the modern army of Germany and post-World War II army of West Germany|German Army|the World War II army of Germany|German Army (1935–1945)|the World War I army of Germany|German Army (German Empire)|other uses|Heer (disambiguation)}}
 
{{Infobox military unit
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* ''{{flagicon image|Flag of Weimar Republic (war).svg}} [[Reichsheer]]''
* ''{{navy|WeimarRepublik RepublicWeimar}}''
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|role = Angkatan Tentera [[Republik Weimar]]
Baris 24 ⟶ 23:
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|colors = ''[[Bendera Jerman|SchwarzHitam-RotMerah-GoldEmas]]''
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[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-2005-0163, Thüringen, Reichswehrmanöver, Hans v. Seeckt.jpg|thumbnail|GeneralJeneral [[Hans von Seeckt]], Chief of thePanglima Reichswehr togetherbersama withdengan infantryaskar meninfantri atdalam alatihan Reichswehr maneuver indi [[Thuringia]], 1926]]
[[Image:Buntfarbenmuster 31 (Splittertarn).jpg|thumb|225px|German [[camouflagePenyamaran]] forbagi tents,khemah whichtentera Jerman, wasdiperkenalkan introducedpada intahun 1931.]]
The '''''Reichswehr''''' ([[English language|English]]: ''Reich Defence'' atau ''Pertahanan Reich''), formed themembentuk [[armed forces|militaryangkatan organizationtentera]] of [[GermanyJerman]] fromdari tahun 1919 untilhingga 1935, whenapabila itia wasdisatukan united with the newly foundeddengan ''[[Wehrmacht]]'' ("DefenceAngkatan ForcePertahanan") yang baru ditubuhkan.
 
Pada penghujung [[Perang Dunia I]], angkatan bersenjata [[Empayar Jerman]] telah berpecah-belah, anggota tentera pulang kerumah secara individu atau dalam kumpulan kecil. Ramai daripadanya menyertai ''[[Freikorps]]'' ("Kor Bebas"), iaitu kumpulan sukarelawan unit separa tentera yang terlibat dalam [[revolusi]] dan pertempuran sempadan antara tahun 1918 dan 1923.
 
[[Republik Weimar]] yang baru dibentuk memerlukan pemikiran [[ketenteraan]], dan pada 6 Mac 1919 satu dekri bagi menubuhkan ''Vorläufige Reichswehr'' ("Angkatan Nasional Sementara") telah dikeluarkan, yang meliputi ''Vorläufige Reichsheer'' ("Tentera Darat Nasional Sementara") dan ''Vorläufige Reichsmarine'' ("Tentera Laut Nasional Sementara"). Pada 30 September 1919, tentera darat telah disusun semula sebagai ''Übergangsheer'' ("Tentera Darat Peralihan"). Lebih kurang 400,000 anggota berkhidmat dalam angkatan tentera. Ia berakhir sehingga 1 Januari 1921, apabila ''Reichswehr'' secara rasminya ditubuhkan mengikut batasan yang dikenakan oleh [[Persetiaan Versailles]] (Artikel 159 hingga 213).
 
''Reichswehr'' adalah sebuah organisasi bersatu yang meliputi (seperti yang dibenarkan oleh Persetiaan Versailles):
 
*''Reichsheer'', [[tentera darat]] meliputi dua markas kumpulan,
**tujuh [[divisyen]] [[infantri]], dan
**tiga divisyen [[kavalri]].
 
*''[[Reichsmarine]]'', [[tentera laut]] dengan sebilangan terhad jenis-jenis kapal dan bot tertentu. Kapal selam tidak dibenarkan.
 
''Reichswehr'' telah dihadkan kepada tentera darat tetap yang berjumlah 100,000 anggota, dan 15,000 anggota tentera laut. Penubuhan staf am telah dilarang. Senjata-senjata berat seperti artileri berkaliber atas 105 mm (bagi meriam tentera laut, atas 205 mm), kereta perisai, kapal selam dan kapal-kapal besar diharamkan, begitu juga pesawat udara pelbagai jenis. Sekatan ini telah dipantau sehingga tahun 1927 oleh [[Suruhanjaya Kawalan Tentera Antara-Bersekutu]].
At the end of [[World War I]], the forces of the [[German Empire]] had mostly split up, the men making their way home individually or in small groups. Many of them joined the ''[[Freikorps]]'' ("Free Corps"), a collection of volunteer paramilitary units that were involved in [[revolution]] and border clashes between 1918 and 1923.
 
== Lihat juga ==
The newly formed [[Weimar Republic]] did need a [[military]] though, and on 6 March 1919 a decree established the ''Vorläufige Reichswehr'' ("Provisional National Defence"), consisting of a ''Vorläufige Reichsheer'' ("Provisional National Army") and a ''Vorläufige Reichsmarine'' ("Provisional National Navy"). On 30 September 1919, the army was reorganized as the ''Übergangsheer'' ("Transitional Army"). About 400,000 men served in the armed forces.<ref>Haskew, Michael, ''The Wehrmacht'', Amber Books Ltd. 2011, p. 13</ref> This lasted until 1 January 1921, when the ''Reichswehr'' was officially established according to the limitations imposed by the [[Treaty of Versailles]] (Articles 159 to 213).
* [[Wehrmacht]]
 
== Rujukan ==
The ''Reichswehr'' was a unified organization composed of the following (as was allowed by the Versailles Treaty):
*[[John Wheeler-Bennett|Wheeler-Bennett, Sir John]] ''The Nemesis of Power: German Army in Politics, 1918&ndash;1945'' New York: Palgrave Macmillan Publishing Company, 2005.
 
== Pautan luar ==
*The ''Reichsheer'', an [[army]] consisting of two group commands,
*[http://www.axishistory.com/index.php?id=237 Axis History Factbook &mdash; Reichswehr]
**seven [[infantry]] [[Division (military)|division]]s, and
*[http://www.feldgrau.com/main1.php?ID=1 Feldgrau's overview of the Reichswehr]
**three [[cavalry]] divisions.<ref>Haskew, ''The Wehrmacht'', p. 13</ref>
*[http://www.superborg.de/ The Archives of technical Manuals 1900&ndash;1945 (includes the Reichswehr-regulations)]
 
[[Category:Reichswehr]]
*The ''[[Reichsmarine]]'', a [[navy]] with a limited number of certain types of ships and boats. No submarines were allowed.<ref>Porter, David, ''The Kriegsmarine'', Amber Books Ltd. 2010, p. 11</ref>
[[Category:Tentera Jerman]]
[[Category:Jerman]]
[[Category:Sejarah Jerman]]
Diambil daripada "https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichswehr"