|
}}
'''King's College London''' merupakan sebuah institusi [[pendidikan tinggi]] [[United Kingdom|British]] dan juga kolej pengasas bersama bagi [[Universiti London]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kcl.ac.uk/about/|title=About King's College London=[[King's College London]]|date=2006|accessdate=2008-01-16}}</ref>
== History ==
=== Foundation ===
[[File:George IV van het Verenigd Koninkrijk.jpg|thumb|right|The College's patron, [[George IV of the United Kingdom|King George IV]], shown in a portrait by [[Thomas Lawrence|Sir Thomas Lawrence]]]]
King's College, so named to indicate the patronage of [[George IV of the United Kingdom|King George IV]], was founded in 1829 in response to the theological controversy surrounding the founding of "London University" (which later became [[University College London]]) in 1827.<ref name="HIST">Cockburn, King, McDonnell (1969), pp. 345–359</ref><ref name="Foundation">{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/aboutkings/history/foundation.aspx | title=Foundation|publisher=King's College London|accessdate=9 February 2013 }}</ref> London University was founded, with the backing of [[Utilitarians]], Jews and [[Anglicanism|non-Anglican Christians]], as a secular institution, intended to educate "the youth of our middling rich people between the ages of 15 or 16 and 20 or later"<ref>Hearnshaw (1929), p. 38</ref> giving its nickname, "the godless college in Gower Street".<ref>Hibbert, Weinreb, Keay, Keay (2008), p. 958</ref>
The need for such an institution was a result of the religious and social nature of the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, which then educated solely the sons of [[upper class|wealthy]] [[Anglicans]].<ref name="victorianweb.org">{{cite web|last=Banerjee|first=Jacqueline|title= The University of London: The Founding Colleges|url=http://www.victorianweb.org/history/education/ulondon/2.html|accessdate=26 May 2007}}</ref> The secular nature of London University was disapproved by [[The Establishment]], indeed, "the storms of opposition which raged around it threatened to crush every spark of vital energy which remained".<ref>MacIlwraith (1884), p. 32</ref> Thus, the creation of a rival institution represented a [[Tory]] response to reassert the educational values of The Establishment.<ref name="Thompson5">Thompson (1990), p. 5</ref> More widely, King's was one of the first of a [[List of modern universities in Europe (1801–1945)#19th century|series of institutions]] which came about in the early nineteenth century as a result of the [[Industrial Revolution]] and great social changes in England following the [[Napoleonic Wars]].<ref name="somersethousebooklet">{{citation|title=King's College London and Somerset House|url=http://issuu.com/kingscollegelondon/docs/booklet_produced_by_the_college_to_promote_the_ide/1|page=2|publisher=King's College London|date=c. 1963|accessdate=12 February 2013 }}</ref> By virtue of its foundation King's has enjoyed the patronage of the [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|monarch]], the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] as its [[Visitor]] and during the nineteenth century counted among its official governors the [[Lord Chancellor]], [[Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)|Speaker of the House of Commons]] and the [[Lord Mayor of London]].<ref name="somersethousebooklet"/>
Rumours in the press of a competing institution in the tradition of the [[Church of England|established church]] appeared in 1827, but the idea was first defined early in 1828 by [[George D'Oyly]], Rector of [[Lambeth]], in an open letter to [[Robert Peel|Sir Robert Peel]], the then [[Home Secretary]] and [[Leader of the House of Commons#19th century|Leader of the House of Commons]].<ref name="HIST"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kingscollections.org/catalogues/kclca/collection/a-e/10do85-1 |title=D'OYLY, Reverend Dr George (1778–1846)|publisher=King's College London College Archives|accessdate=9 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.number10.gov.uk/past-prime-ministers/sir-robert-peel-2nd-baronet/ |title=Sir Robert Peel 2nd Baronet|publisher=HM Government|accessdate=9 February 2013 }}</ref> A scheme emerged during the summer of 1828 and a public meeting to launch King's, chaired by the Prime Minister, the [[Duke of Wellington]], and attended by the Archbishops of York, Canterbury and Armagh, and two members of the Cabinet (Peel and the [[George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen|Earl of Aberdeen]]) was held on 21 June 1828.<ref name="HIST"/><ref name="Foundation"/> A committee of twenty-seven was appointed to raise funds and to frame regulations and building plans, but the sum raised by subscription was inadequate.<ref name="HIST"/> The Crown granted a site lying between the Strand and the Thames to the College and building began in 1829.<ref name="HIST"/>
A [[royal charter]] to incorporate King's College was granted by George IV on 14 August 1829, stating the intention of the new college:<ref name="HIST"/>
{{quote |...for the general education of youth in which the various branches of Literature and Science are intended to be taught, and also the doctrines and duties of Christianity... inculcated by the United Church of England and Ireland.|Royal charter incorporating King's College, 14 August 1829. }}
The government of the college was vested in a council consisting of nine official governors, five of whom were clergymen, eight life governors, a treasurer, and 24 other members of the Corporation.<ref name="HIST"/> Several potential sites for the college were discussed including [[Buckingham Palace]] and [[Regent's Park]],<ref name="Thompson5"/> however eventually the [[HM Treasury|Treasury]] provided a site between the Strand and the Thames, running parallel to the yet unfinished [[Somerset House]] at a [[peppercorn (legal)|peppercorn rent]] in perpetuity.<ref name="Thompson6">Thompson (1990), p. 6</ref><ref name="crowngrant">{{cite book| title = House of Lords Sessional Papers 1801–1833 – Appendix to seventh Report of Commissioners of Woods, Forests & Land Revenue| url = http://books.google.com/?id=e9JbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA48| accessdate = 3 March 2013| volume = 270| year = 1830| publisher = [[Her Majesty's Stationery Office]]| page = 48 }} Schedule of Grants in Perpetuity of Parts of the Land Revenue of the Crown: "A piece of Ground in the parish of St. Mary-le-Strand, on the East side of Somerset house bounded on the West side by the area next the Building on the East side of Somerset house occupied by the Audit, Tax, and other Offices, on the North side by houses in the Strand on the East side by Strand Lane, and on the South side by the River Thames, except such right of Carriageway and Footway as therein mentioned as a Site for a College to be erected thereon, and called 'King's College, London'".</ref>
==== Duel in Battersea Fields, 21 March 1829 ====
[[File:Sir Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington.png|150px|[[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington]], fought a duel against the [[George Finch-Hatton, 10th Earl of Winchilsea|Earl of Winchilsea]] in 1829 over the Duke's support for the rights of Irish Catholics and the independence of the newly established King's College|thumb|left]]
The Duke of Wellington's simultaneous support for an Anglican King's College and the [[Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829|Roman Catholic Relief Act]], which was to lead to the granting of almost full civil rights to Catholics, was challenged by [[George Finch-Hatton, 10th Earl of Winchilsea]], in early 1829. Winchilsea and his supporters wished for King's to be subject to the [[Test Acts]], like the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, where only members of the Church of England could [[Matriculation#United Kingdom|matriculate]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://beginnings.ioe.ac.uk/begskings.html |title=Beginnings: The History of Higher Education in Bloomsbury and Westminster – King's College London|publisher=[[Institute of Education]]|accessdate=13 February 2013 }} "Londoners who did study, for example in Oxford or Cambridge, had to be quite rich and also members of the Anglican Church."</ref> but this was not Wellington's intent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://alumni.kcl.ac.uk/page.aspx?pid=2723 |title=The famous Duel|publisher=King's College London|accessdate=13 February 2013 }}</ref>
Winchilsea and about 150 other contributors withdrew their support of the new College in response to Wellington's support of [[Catholic emancipation]]. Accusations against Wellington were published in a letter to ''[[Evening Standard|The Standard]]'' newspaper on 14 March where Winchilsea charged the Prime Minister with insincerity in his support for the new College.<ref>Harte (1986), p. 73</ref><ref name="duelexhibtion">{{cite web|url=http://www.kingscollections.org/exhibitions/archives/wellington/duel/insult |title=Winchilsea insults Wellington|publisher=King's College London College Archives|accessdate=13 February 2013 }}</ref> In a letter to Wellington he wrote, "I have come to view the College as an instrument in a wider programme designed to promote the Roman Catholic faith and undermine the established church." Winchilsea also accused the Duke to have in mind "insidious designs for the infringement of our liberty and the introduction of Popery into every department of the State".<ref name="Holmes275">Holmes (2002), p. 275</ref>
The letter provoked a furious exchange of correspondence and Wellington accused Winchilsea of imputing him with "disgraceful and criminal motives" in setting up King's College. When Winchilsea refused to retract the remarks, Wellington – by his own admission, "no advocate of duelling" and a virgin duellist – demanded satisfaction in a contest of arms: "I now call upon your lordship to give me that satisfaction for your conduct which a gentleman has a right to require, and which a gentleman never refuses to give."<ref name="duelexhibtion"/>
The result was a [[duel]] in [[Battersea Park|Battersea Fields]] on 21 March 1829.<ref name="Foundation"/><ref name="dueldayqa">{{cite web|url=http://alumni.kcl.ac.uk/document.doc?id=41 |title=Duel Day – Questions and Answers|publisher=King's College London|accessdate=9 February 2013 }}</ref> Winchilsea did not fire, a plan he and his second almost certainly decided upon before the duel; Wellington took aim and fired wide to the right. Accounts differ as to whether Wellington missed on purpose. Wellington, noted for his poor aim, claimed he did, other reports more sympathetic to Winchilsea claimed he had aimed to kill.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kingscollections.org/exhibitions/archives/wellington/duel/fire |title=Open Fire! |publisher=King's College London College Archives |accessdate=13 February 2013}}</ref> Honour was saved and Winchilsea wrote Wellington an apology.<ref name="Holmes275"/> "Duel Day" is still celebrated on the first Thursday after 21 March every year, marked by various events throughout the College, including reenactments.<ref name="dueldayqa"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/news/news_details.php?news_id=539&year=2007|title=Alumni celebrate Duel Day|publisher=King's College London|year=2007|accessdate=23 January 2008}}</ref>
=== 19th century ===
[[File:Williamotter.jpg|thumb|[[William Otter]] (1831–36), the first Principal of King's College]]
King's opened in October 1831 with [[William Otter]], a clergyman, appointed as first Principal and lecturer in divinity.<ref name="HIST"/> Despite the intentions of its founders and the chapel at the heart of its buildings, the initial prospectus permitted, "nonconformists of all sorts to enter the college freely".<ref name="Hearnshaw">Hearnshaw (1929), p. 80</ref> [[William Howley]], the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], presided over the opening ceremony in which a sermon was given in the chapel by [[Charles Blomfield]], the [[Bishop of London]], on the subject of combining religious instruction with intellectual culture. The governors and the professors, except the linguists, had to be members of the Church of England but the students did not,<ref name="Hibbert">Hibbert, Weinreb, Keay, Keay (2008), p. 462</ref> though attendance at Chapel was compulsory.<ref>''Prospectus of King's College, London: academical year 1854-5'', p. 7</ref>
The college was divided into a senior department and a junior department, also known as [[King's College School]], which was originally situated in the basement of the Strand Campus.<ref name="HIST"/> The Junior department started with 85 pupils and only three teachers, but quickly grew to 500 by 1841, outgrowing its facilities and leading it to relocate to [[Wimbledon, London|Wimbledon]] in 1897 where it remains today, though it is no longer associated with the College.<ref name="Hibbert"/> Within the Senior department teaching was divided into three courses. A general course comprised divinity, classical languages, mathematics, English literature and history. Secondly, there was the medical course. Thirdly, miscellaneous subjects, such as law, political economy and modern languages, which were not related to any systematic course of study at the time and depended for their continuance on the supply of occasional students.<ref name="HIST"/> In 1833 the general course was reorganised leading to the award of the [[Associate of King's College]] (A.K.C.), the first qualification issued by King's.<ref name="HIST"/> The course, which concerns questions of ethics and theology, is still awarded today to students and staff who take an optional three-year course alongside their studies.
[[File:Strand102.jpg|The Embankment terrace entrance to the Strand Campus overlooking the [[River Thames]], originally designed by [[William Chambers (architect)|Sir William Chambers]], was completed by [[Robert Smirke (architect)|Sir Robert Smirke]] in 1835|thumb|right]]
The river frontage was completed in April 1835 at a cost of £7,100,<ref>Thompson (1986), p. 6</ref> its completion a condition of the College securing the site from the Crown.<ref name="HIST"/> Unlike those in the school, student numbers in the Senior department remained almost stationary during the first five years of the College's existence. During this time the medical school was blighted by inefficiency and the divided loyalties of the staff leading to a steady decline in attendance. One of the most important appointments was that of [[Charles Wheatstone]] as professor of Experimental Philosophy.<ref name="HIST"/>
At this time, neither King's, nor "London University", had the ability to confer degrees, a particular problem for medical students who wished to practise. Amending this situation was aided by the appointment of [[Henry Brougham, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux|Henry Brougham]] as [[Lord Chancellor]], who was chairman of the governors of "London University". In this position he automatically became a governor of King's. In the understanding that the government was unlikely to grant degree-awarding powers on two institutions in London, negotiations led to the colleges federating as the "[[University of London]]" in 1836, "London University" thus becoming University College.<ref name="victorianweb.org"/> The governors at King's were offended at the exclusion of divinity from the syllabus by the federal university which was founded as an examining body and advised students to take the Oxford or Cambridge examinations, however, the power of the university to confer degrees marked a period of limited expansion at the college.<ref name="HIST"/><ref name="Hibbert"/>
In 1840 the college opened [[King's College Hospital]] on Portugal Street near [[Lincoln's Inn Fields]], an area composed of overcrowded [[Rookery (slum)|rookeries]] characterised by poverty and disease. The governance of the hospital was later transferred to the corporation of the hospital established by the King's College Hospital Act 1851, and eventually moved to new premises in [[Denmark Hill]], [[Camberwell]] in 1913. The appointment in 1877 of [[Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister|Joseph Lister]] as professor of clinical surgery greatly benefited the medical school, and the introduction of Lister's [[antiseptic]] surgical methods gained the hospital an international reputation.<ref name="HIST"/> In 1855 the College pioneered evening classes in London.<ref name="Hibbert"/> In 1882 the King's College London Act amended the constitution, the objects of the College extended to include the education of women.<ref name="HIST"/>
=== 20th century ===
''See also [[Rosalind Franklin#King's College London|Contribution of King's College London to the discovery of the structure of DNA]] and [[Photo 51]]''
[[File:King's College London Students Evacuated To Bristol, England, 1940 D433.jpg|thumb|Evacuated King's College students at the [[University of Bristol]] during the Second World War]]
The King's College, London Act 1903, abolished all remaining religious tests for staff, except within the Theological department. The end of the World War I saw an influx of students, which strained existing facilities to the point where some classes were held in the Principal's house.<ref name="HIST"/> A government proposal to relocate the College premises to [[Bloomsbury]] was considered, but finally rejected in 1925.<ref>Harte (1986), p. 203</ref> During the Second World War most students and staff were evacuated out of London to [[Bristol]] and [[Glasgow]].<ref name="HIST"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://kingscollections.org/exhibitions/archives/the-blitz|title=King's and the Blitz, September 1940|publisher=King's College London|accessdate=5 April 2013}}</ref> The College buildings were used by the [[Auxiliary Fire Service]] with a number of College staff, mainly those then known as College servants, serving as [[firewatcher]]s. Parts of the Strand building, the [[quadrangle (architecture)|quadrangle]], and the roof of [[apse]] and stained glass windows of the chapel suffered bomb damage in [[the Blitz]].<ref>Heulin (1979), p. 2</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/campuslife/campuses/strand/QuadbriefCA07nocompdetails.pdf|title=The Strand Quadrangle Architectural Competition Preliminary briefing paper|publisher=King's College London|accessdate=4 March 2013}}</ref> During reconstruction, the vaults beneath the quadrangle were replaced by a two-storey laboratory, which opened in 1952, for the departments of Physics and Civil and Electrical Engineering.<ref name="HIST"/>
One of the most famous pieces of scientific research performed at King's were the crucial contributions to the discovery of the [[double helix]] structure of [[DNA]] in 1953 by [[Maurice Wilkins]] and [[Rosalind Franklin]], together with [[Ray Gosling|Raymond Gosling]], [[Alex Stokes]], [[Herbert Wilson]] and other colleagues at the [[Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics]] at King's.<ref>Maddox (2002), p. 124</ref><ref name="Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin">{{cite web |url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/aboutkings/history/famouspeople/wilkinsfranklin.aspx |title=Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin |publisher=King's College London |accessdate=21 January 2013}}</ref><ref name="King's, DNA & the continuing story">{{cite web |url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/biohealth/research/divisions/randall/about/history/dna.aspx |title=King's, DNA & the continuing story |publisher=King's College London |accessdate=21 January 2013}}</ref>
Major reconstruction of the College began in 1966 following the publication of the [[Robbins Report|Robbins Report on Higher Education]]. A new block facing the Strand designed by E. D. Jefferiss Mathews was opened in 1972.<ref name="Hibbert"/> The College underwent several mergers with other institutions, including [[Queen Elizabeth College]] and [[Chelsea College of Science and Technology]] in 1985, the [[Institute of Psychiatry]] in 1997, and the [[United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals]] were reincorporated in 1998 after becoming independent of the College at the foundation of the [[National Health Service (England)|National Health Service]] in 1948.<ref name="Hibbert"/><ref name="Dates">{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/aboutkings/history/dates.aspx |title=Dates: 1900–1949 |accessdate=21 January 2013 |publisher=King's College London}}</ref> In 1998 [[Florence Nightingale]]'s original training school for nurses merged with the King's Department of Nursing Studies as the [[Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery]]. The same year the College acquired the former [[Public Record Office]] building on [[Chancery Lane]] and converted it at a cost of £35 million into the [[Maughan Library]], which opened in 2002.<ref name="Hibbert"/>
=== 2001 to present ===
[[File:Kclssa.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Maughan Library]]. Following a £35m renovation, it is the largest new university library in the [[United Kingdom]] since [[World War II]].<ref name="times">O'Leary (2010), p. 404</ref>]]
[[File:Aldwych, Bush House, WC2 - geograph.org.uk - 668798.jpg|thumb|The historic [[Bush House]], part of Aldwych Quarter, a prestigious addition to the Strand Campus]]
In July 2006, the College was granted degree-awarding powers in its own right, as opposed to through the [[University of London]], by the [[Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council|Privy Council]].<ref name="Kings Governance">{{cite web | url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/aboutkings/governance/about/index.aspx | title=King's Governance | publisher=King's College London | accessdate=2014-12-29}}</ref> This power remained unexercised until 2007, when the College announced that all students starting courses from September 2007 onwards would be awarded degrees conferred by King's itself, rather than by the University of London. The new certificates however still make reference to the fact that King's is a constituent college of the University of London.<ref name="edguar">{{cite web |url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/campuslife/services/examinations/certificates/CERTFAQ.pdf|title=Certificate FAQs|accessdate=12 March 2013}}</ref> All current students with at least one year of study remaining were in August 2007 offered the option of choosing to be awarded a University of London degree or a King's degree. The first King's degrees were awarded in summer 2008.<ref name="THE KCL degrees">{{cite web | url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/news/kings-college-london-lions-on-the-catwalk/402656.article | title= King's College London - Lions on the catwalk | publisher=[[Times Higher Education]] | accessdate=2014-12-29}}</ref>
In 2007, for the second consecutive year, students from the [[The Dickson Poon School of Law|School of Law]] won the national round of the [[Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition]]. The Jessup [[moot court|moot]] is the largest international mooting competition in the world. The King's team went on to represent the UK as national champions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/news/news_details.php?year=2007&news_id=534|title=Law students repeat mooting success|date=12 March 2007|publisher=King's College London|accessdate=26 April 2007}}</ref>
In 2010 the College announced that 205 jobs were put at risk in response to government funding cuts.<ref name="morgan">{{cite web|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/410268.article|title='Draconian' measure: King's to cut 205 jobs|author=Morgan, John|publisher=Times Higher Education|date=4 February 2013|accessdate=12 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2010/mar/23/university-funding-cuts|title=University cuts start to bite|author=Tickle, Louise; Bowcott, Owen|publisher=The Guardian|date=23 March 2010|accessdate= 12 March 2013|location=London}}</ref> Among the proposed cuts was the UK's only chair of [[palaeography]], two leading computational linguists, and the department of Engineering, believed to be the oldest in the UK (established in 1838), sparking an international campaign from academics.<ref name="morgan"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2010/feb/09/writing-off-last-palaeographer-university|title=Writing off the UK's last palaeographer|publisher=The Guardian|author=Crace, John|date=9 February 2010|accessdate=13 March 2013|location=London}}</ref>
In November 2010, King's launched a fundraising campaign to raise £500 million by 2015 for research into five areas: cancer, global power, neuroscience and mental health, leadership and society and children's health.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/414098.article|title=Major campaign aims to put King's among the fundraising elite|publisher=Times Higher Education|author=Attwood, Rebecca|date=28 October 2010|accessdate=12 March 2013}}</ref> Over £400 million has been raised as of March 2013.<ref name="the1">{{cite web|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/news/rick-trainor-to-step-down-as-kings-principal/2002449.article#.UT4VVbEPcRg.twitter|title=Rick Trainor to step down as King's principal|author=Grove, Jack|publisher=Times Higher Education|date=11 March 2013|accessdate=12 March 2013}}</ref> In 2011 the Chemistry department was reopened following its closure in 2003.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/417326.article|title=King's chemistry department rises again|author=Jump, Paul|publisher=Times Higher Education|date=2 September 2011|accessdate=12 March 2013}}</ref>
In April 2011 King's became a founding partner in the UK Centre for Medical Research and Innovation, subsequently renamed the [[Francis Crick Institute]], committing £40 million to the project.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/415855.article|title=Three's company: Imperial, King’s join UCL in £700m medical project|publisher=Times Higher Education|date=14 April 2011|accessdate=30 March 2013}}</ref>
In June 2014, King's announced plans for large-scale redundancies, potentially affecting up to 15% of staff in biomedical sciences and at the Institute of Psychiatry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/unions/ucu/Health-Schools-Restructure-2014/index.aspx|author=King's College London, University and College Union|title=Health Schools Restructure|accessdate=19 July 2014}}</ref> Commentators noted that many senior academics as well as students were highly critical of the plans, on the grounds that they were being rushed through without adequate consultation, threatened to leave students without adequate teaching staff, and would weaken the research capacity and damage the reputation of the university.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dcscience.net/?p=6607|title=Bad financial management at Kings College London means VC Rick Trainor is firing 120 scientists|author=Colquhoun, David|publisher=DCscience.net|date=7 June 2014|accessdate=15 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/comment/opinion/opinion-no-logic-in-kings-college-job-cuts/2014249.article|title=No logic in King's College job cuts|author=Bishop, Dorothy|publisher=Times Higher Education|date=3 July 2014|accessdate=16 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/science/occams-corner/2014/jul/09/kings-college-london-scientist-purge-strike|title=The King's College London scientist purge: what message does it send?|author=Rohn, Jenny|publisher=The Guardian|date=9 July 2014|accessdate=16 July 2014}}</ref> A spokesperson for King's argued that the numbers of planned redundancies were fewer than critics claimed, but in so doing came in for further criticism, because staff had not been told of this information.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/news/kings-updates-at-risk-staff-via-external-forum/2014437.article|title=King’s updates at-risk staff via external forum|author=Grove, Jack|publisher=Times Higher Education|date=10 July 2014|accessdate=16 July 2014}}</ref> It was subsequently noted that the redundancy plan also went against explicit advice in a commissioned report on the university's finances.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/jul/15/kings-college-london-business-marketplace-higher-education-managers|title=King's College London: world leaders in business nonsense|author=Chakrabortty, Aditya|publisher=The Guardian|date=9 July 2014|accessdate=16 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dcscience.net/S-&-P-Report-on-KCL-2013.pdf|title=Standard & Poor's Rating report on King's College London|date=22 July 2013|accessdate=16 July 2014}}</ref> Around the same time as these developments, an article in the Times Higher Education noted that, in an apparently unrelated development, King's was contesting a freedom of information request for details of salaries of its top professors.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/news/salaries-of-high-earning-professors-may-be-disclosed/2014433.article|title=Salaries of high-earning professors may be disclosed|author=Grove, Jack|publisher=Times Higher Education|date=10 July 2014|accessdate=16 July 2014}}</ref>
In October 2014, [[Ed Byrne (academic)|Ed Byrne]] replaced [[Rick Trainor]] as Principal of King's, the latter having served for 10 years.
On 10 March 2015 King's acquired a 50-year lease for the Aldwych Quarter which includes the historic grand [[Bush House]] building. King’s will occupy Bush House and Strand House on a phased basis from September 2016, and adjacent buildings King House and Melbourne House from 2025. Once King’s takes full occupation of the four main buildings, the Aldwych Quarter will provide approximately 300,000 square feet of additional space for student study and social space, new teaching facilities and academic accommodation<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/newsevents/news/newsrecords/2015/March/Kings-College-London-to-lease-Aldwych-Quarter-opposite-its-Strand-Campus.aspx|title=King's College London to lease Aldwych Quarter opposite its Strand Campus|author=King's College London|publisher=King's College London|date=10 March 2015|accessdate=31 March 2015}}</ref>
== Campus ==
=== Strand Campus ===
[[File:Kingsbuilding.jpg|Entrance and coat of arms of the 19th century King's Building, Strand Campus|thumb|right]]
The Strand Campus is the founding campus of King's. It is located on the [[Strand, London|Strand]] in the [[City of Westminster]], sharing its frontage along the [[River Thames]]. Most of the Schools of [[King's College London School of Arts & Humanities|Arts & Humanities]], [[The Dickson Poon School of Law|Law]], Social Science & Public Policy and Natural & Mathematical Sciences (formerly Physical Sciences & Engineering) are housed here. The campus combines the [[Listed building#England and Wales|Grade I]] listed King's Building of 1831 designed by [[Robert Smirke (architect)|Sir Robert Smirke]], and the Byzantine [[Gothic Architecture|Gothic]] College Chapel, redesigned in 1864 by [[Sir George Gilbert Scott]] with the more modern Strand Building, completed in 1972. The Chesham Building in Surrey Street was purchased after the Second World War. The Macadam Building of 1975 houses the Strand Campus [[KCLSU|Students' Union]] centre and is named after King's alumnus [[Ivison Macadam|Sir Ivison Macadam]], first President of the [[National Union of Students (United Kingdom)|National Union of Students]].
Marble statues of [[Sappho]] and [[Sophocles]] were bequeathed by Frida Mond in 1923, a friend of [[Israel Gollancz]], Professor of English Language and Literature at King's. They were placed in the lobby of the King's Building, where they have remained ever since.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kingscollections.org/exhibitions/archives/the-mond-bequest|title=The Mond Bequest at King's College London: A Celebration|publisher=King's College London|date=March 2011|accessdate=5 April 2013}}</ref> The nearest underground station is Temple, on the District and Circle lines.
==== Chapel ====
{{main|King's College London Chapel}}
[[File:King's College London Chapel 2, London - Diliff.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Listed building|Grade I]] listed College Chapel on the Strand Campus seen today was redesigned in 1864 by [[Sir George Gilbert Scott]]]]
The original college chapel was designed by [[Robert Smirke (architect)|Sir Robert Smirke]] and was completed in 1831 as part of the College building (later known as the King's building).<ref name="strandchapel">{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/aboutkings/principal/dean/chaplaincy/strand/chapel/history.pdf |title=A brief history of the Chapel |accessdate=20 January 2013 |publisher=King's College London}}</ref> Given the foundation of the university in the tradition of the [[Church of England]] the chapel was intended to be an integral part of the campus.<ref name="heulin">Heulin (1979), p. 1</ref> This is reflected in its central location within the King's Building on the first floor above the Great Hall, accessible via a grand double staircase from the foyer. The original chapel was described as a low and broad room "fitted to the [[ecclesiological]] notions of [[George IV of the United Kingdom|George IV]]'s reign."<ref name="heulin"/> However, by the mid nineteenth century its style had fallen out of fashion and in 1859 a proposal by the College Chaplain Reverend E. H. Plumptre that the original chapel should be reconstructed was approved by the College Council, who agreed that its "meagreness and poverty" made it unworthy of King's.<ref name="strandchapel"/>
The College approached [[Sir George Gilbert Scott]] to make proposals. In his proposal of 22 December 1859 he suggested that, "There can be no doubt that, in a classic building, the best mode of giving ecclesiastical character is the adoption of the form and, in some degree, the character of an ancient basilica."<ref name="strandchapel"/> His proposals for a chapel modelled on the lines of an [[Classical antiquity|classical]] [[basilica]] were accepted and the reconstruction was completed in 1864 at a cost of just over £7,000.<ref name="strandchapel"/>
==== Somerset House East Wing ====
{{See also|Somerset House}}
[[File:Somerset House.jpg|[[Somerset House]], home to the King's Cultural Institute and the [[The Dickson Poon School of Law|School of Law]]|thumb|right]]
In December 2009, the College signed a 78-year lease to the East Wing of [[Somerset House]].<ref name="somerset lease">{{cite web |url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/somersethouse/index.php?id=76 |title=The historic announcement |publisher=King's College London |accessdate=22 January 2013}}</ref> It has been described as one of the longest-ever property negotiations, taking over 180 years to complete.<ref name="Somerset House Opening">{{cite web |url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/newsevents/news/newsrecords/2012/02Feb/The-Queen-opens-Somerset-House-East-Wing,-Kings-new-front-door.aspx |title=The Queen opens Somerset House East Wing |publisher=King's College London |accessdate=19 January 2013}}</ref> Since the College was built it has been in various discussions to expand into one of the wings of Somerset House itself, however, the relationship between the College and [[HM Revenue and Customs]] that occupied the East Wing were sometimes difficult.<ref name="report2010">{{cite journal|title=Report (2010)|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/newsevents/publications/report/Report2010.pdf|publisher=King's College London|first=Geoff|last=Browell|year=2011|page=51|accessdate=12 February 2013 }}</ref><ref name="somersethousebackground">{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/somersethouse/index.php?id=27 |title=Background |publisher=King's College London |accessdate=22 January 2013}}</ref><ref name="somersethousebackground2">{{cite web|url=http://www.somersethouse.org.uk/history/since-the-18th-century |title=Since the 18th century|publisher=Somerset House Trust|accessdate=12 February 2013 }}</ref> [[Robert Smirke (architect)|Sir Robert Smirke]]'s design of King's was sympathetic to that of Somerset House which is situated adjacent to the Strand Campus.<ref>Harte (1986), p. 72</ref> Indeed, a condition of the College acquiring the site in the 1820s was that it should be erected "on a plan which would complete the river front of Somerset House at its eastern extremity in accordance with the original design of [[William Chambers (architect)|Sir William Chambers]]" which had for so long offended "every eye of taste for its incomplete appearance".<ref name="somersethousebackground"/><ref name="somersethousebackground2"/>
In 1875, a dispute arose when new windows were added to the façade overlooking the College. Following a complaint by the College Council at the loss of privacy, the response of the [[Metropolitan Board of Works]] was that "the terms under which the college is held are not such as to enable the Council to restrict Her Majesty from opening windows in Somerset House whenever she may think proper".<ref name="report2010"/> By the end of World War I the College began to outgrow its premises which led to rekindled efforts to acquire the East Wing. There was even a suggestion that the College should be relocated to new premises in [[Bloomsbury]] to alleviate space concerns, however, these plans never came to fruition. Instead, a new top floor was added to the King's Building to house the Anatomy Department and other buildings along Surrey Street were purchased.<ref name="report2010"/>
Following the publication of the [[Robbins Report|Robbins Report on Higher Education]] in 1963 a further attempt was made to acquire the East Wing. The Report recommended a large expansion in student numbers accommodated by a new building programme. The "quadrilateral plan" was to create a campus stretching from Norfolk Street in the east to Waterloo Bridge Road in the west. Plans were also drawn up for modern [[Tower block|high-rise]] buildings along the Strand and Surrey Street to house a new library and laboratories. A contemporary report stated that the redevelopment would provide "London with a university precinct on the Strand of which the capital could be proud".<ref name="report2010"/> The plans were revisited in the early 1970s by the then Principal, Sir [[John Hackett (British Army officer)|John Hackett]], however, progress was prevented by funding problems and the unwillingness of the Government to re-house its civil servants.<ref name="report2010"/> In 1971 the [[Evening Standard]] led a public campaign for Somerset House to be transformed into a new public arts venue for London. Proposals were also aired for the relocation of the [[Tate Gallery]] to the site.<ref name="report2010"/> In the 1990s the eventual vacation by government departments and a comprehensive restoration programme saw the opening of the [[Courtauld Institute of Art#The Courtauld Gallery|Courtauld Gallery]], the [[Gilbert Collection|Gilbert]] and [[Hermitage Rooms|Hermitage]] collections and the [[Edmond Safra|Edmond J. Safra]] Fountain Court.<ref name="report2010"/><ref name="somersethousebackground2"/>
In early 2010 a £25 million renovation of the East Wing was undertaken and took 18 months to complete. On 29 February 2012, [[Queen Elizabeth II]] officially opened the building.<ref name="Somerset House Opening"/> It is home to the [[The Dickson Poon School of Law|School of Law]], a public [[Art exhibition|exhibition]] space called the Inigo Rooms curated by the King's Cultural Institute as well as adding a further entrance to the Strand Campus.<ref name="Inigo Rooms">{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/cultural/inigo-rooms/index.aspx |title=Inigo Rooms|publisher=King's College London|accessdate=22 January 2013}}</ref>
==== Strand Lane 'Roman bath' ====
{{main|Roman Baths, Strand Lane}}
{{Rquote|right|
There was an old Roman bath in those days at the bottom of one of the streets out of the Strand—it may be there still—in which I have had many a cold plunge. Dressing myself as quietly as I could, and leaving Peggotty to look after my aunt, I tumbled head foremost into it, and then went for a walk to Hampstead.|
Extract from Chapter 35, ''David Copperfield'' by Charles Dickens<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/766/766-h/766-h.htm#link2HCH0035 |title=David Copperfield |chapter=Chapter 35 – Depression | publisher=Project Gutenberg |year=1850 |edition=2004 |accessdate=19 January 2013 | first=Charles |last=Dickens}}</ref> }}
A [[Stuart period|Stuart]] [[cistern]] and later eighteenth century [[Baths and wash houses in Britain|public bath]] protected by the [[National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty|National Trust]]<ref name="Roman Bath National Trust">{{cite web|url=http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/roman-bath/ |title='Roman' Bath |publisher=National Trust|accessdate=20 January 2013}}</ref> and popularly known as the 'Roman bath' is situated on the site of the Strand Campus beneath the Norfolk Building and can be accessed via the Surrey Street entrance.<ref name="Roman bath Openhouse">{{cite web|url=http://events.londonopenhouse.org/building/18096 |title=Openhouse 'Roman' Bath |publisher=[[Open House London]]|accessdate=20 January 2013}}</ref> Hidden by surrounding College buildings, the bath was widely thought to be of [[Thermae|Roman]] origin giving its popular name, however it is more likely that it was originally a [[cistern]] for a [[fountain#Baroque fountains (17th–18th century)|fountain]] built in the gardens of [[Somerset House#17th century|Somerset House]] for [[Anne of Denmark|Queen Anne of Denmark]] in 1612.<ref name="Roman bath Strand Lane">{{cite web|url=http://www.londonopenhouse.org/london/search/factsheet.asp?ftloh_id=18096 |title=Strand Lane 'Roman Bath' Factsheet |publisher=[[Open House London]]|date=June 2012|accessdate=20 January 2013}}</ref> Evidence of its first use as a public bath was in the late eighteenth century.<ref name="Roman bath Strand Lane"/> The 'Roman bath' is mentioned by [[Charles Dickens]] in chapters thirty-five and thirty-six of the novel ''[[David Copperfield]]''.<ref name="Roman bath Strand Land">{{cite web |url=http://strandlines.org/story/romans-bathing-strand-lane-bath |title=Roman(s) bathing – the Strand Lane bath |publisher=Strandlines Project |date=12 November 2010|accessdate=20 January 2013}}</ref>
Moreover [[Aldwych tube station]], a well-preserved but disused [[London Underground]] station, is integrated as part of the campus. A [[Shooting range|rifle range]] used by the College is located on the site of one of the platforms since the closure of the station in 1994.<ref name="bbc aldywch station">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/dna/place-lancashire/plain/A6379310 |title=Abandoned London Tube Stations |publisher=BBC |accessdate=19 January 2013}}</ref><ref name=" King's College Rifle & Pistol Club">{{cite web |url=http://www.urban75.org/railway/aldwych-strand-station.html |title=Aldwych tube station |accessdate=19 January 2013}}</ref>
The nearest [[London Underground|Underground stations]] are [[Temple tube station|Temple]], [[Charing Cross tube station|Charing Cross]] and [[Covent Garden tube station|Covent Garden]].
=== Guy's Campus ===
[[File:kcl guys campus.jpg|thumb|The Colonnade, [[Guy's Hospital]], Guy's Campus]]
Guy's Campus is situated close to [[London Bridge]] and [[the Shard]] on the South Bank of the Thames and is home to the School of Biomedical Sciences (also at the Waterloo Campus), the Dental Institute, and the [[King's College London School of Medicine|School of Medicine]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/campuslife/campuses/guys/Guys.aspx |title=Guy's Campus|publisher=King's College London|accessdate=21 January 2013}}</ref>
[[Thomas Guy]], the founder and benefactor of [[Guy's Hospital]] established in 1726 in the [[London Borough of Southwark]], was a wealthy bookseller and also a governor of the nearby [[St Thomas' Hospital]]. He lies buried in the vault beneath the eighteenth-century chapel at Guy's. Silk-merchant William Hunt was a later benefactor who gave money in the early nineteenth century to build Hunt's House. Today this is the site of New Hunt's House. The Henriette Raphael building, constructed in 1903, and the Gordon Museum are also located here. In addition, the Hodgkin building, Shepherd's House and Guy's chapel are prominent buildings within the campus. The [[KCLSU|Students' Union]] centre at Guy's is situated in Boland House.
The nearest Underground stations are [[London Bridge tube station|London Bridge]] and [[Borough tube station|Borough]].
=== Waterloo Campus ===
[[File:Jamesclerkmaxwell.jpg|thumb|[[James Clerk Maxwell]] Building, Waterloo Campus]]
The Waterloo Campus is located across [[Waterloo Bridge]] from the Strand Campus, near the [[South Bank Centre]] in the [[London Borough of Lambeth]] and consists of the [[James Clerk Maxwell]] Building and the [[Rosalind Franklin|Franklin]]–[[Maurice Wilkins|Wilkins]] Building.
Cornwall House, now the Franklin-Wilkins Building, constructed between 1912 and 1915 was originally the [[Office of Public Sector Information|His Majesty's Stationery Office]] (responsible for [[Crown copyright#United Kingdom|Crown copyright]] and [[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|National Archives]]), but was requisitioned for use as a [[military hospital]] in 1915 during World War I. It became the King George Military Hospital, and accommodated about 1,800 patients on 63 wards.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://manchesterhistory.net/architecture/1920/franklinwilkins.html |title=Franklin Wilkins Building, Kings College- 150 Stamford Street, London, UK |publisher=Manchesterhistory.net |date= |accessdate=20 March 2012}}</ref> The College acquired the building in the 1980s and today it is home to the School of Biomedical Sciences (also at the Guy's Campus), parts of the School of Social Science & Public Policy (also at the Strand Campus), Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division (part of the School of Medicine) and LonDEC (London Dental Education Centre), part of the Dental Institute (also at Guy's and Denmark Hill). The building, one of London's largest university buildings, underwent refurbishment and was reopened in 2000. The building is named after [[Rosalind Franklin]] and [[Maurice Wilkins]] for their major contributions to the discovery of the structure of DNA.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/campuslife/campuses/waterloo/Waterloo.aspx |title=Waterloo Campus|publisher=King's College London|accessdate=21 January 2013}}</ref>
The James Clerk Maxwell Building houses the Principal's Office, most of the central administrative offices of the College and part of the [[Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery|Florence Nightingale School of Nursing & Midwifery]].
The nearest Underground station is [[Waterloo tube station|Waterloo]].
=== St Thomas' Campus ===
[[File:St.thomas.hospital.arp.750pix.jpg|thumb|[[St Thomas' Hospital]], St Thomas' Campus]]
The [[St Thomas' Hospital|St Thomas' Campus]] in the [[London Borough of Lambeth]], facing the [[Palace of Westminster|Houses of Parliament]] across the Thames, houses parts of the School of Medicine and the Dental Institute. The [[Florence Nightingale Museum]] is also located here.<ref name="St Thomas' Campus">{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/campuslife/campuses/stthomas/StThomas.aspx |title=St Thomas' Campus|accessdate=21 January 2013 |publisher=King's College London}}</ref> St Thomas' Hospital became part of [[King's College London School of Medicine]] in 1998. The Department of Twin Research ([[TwinsUk]]), King's College London is located in St. Thomas' Hospital.
The nearest Underground station is [[Westminster tube station|Westminster]].
=== Denmark Hill Campus ===
[[File:Golden Jubilee Wing, Kings College Hospital - geograph.org.uk - 1109502.jpg|thumb|Golden Jubilee Wing, [[King's College Hospital]], Denmark Hill Campus]]
Denmark Hill Campus is situated in south London near the borders of the [[London Borough of Lambeth]] and the [[London Borough of Southwark]] in [[Camberwell]] and is the only campus not situated on the River Thames. The campus consists of [[King's College Hospital]], the [[Maudsley Hospital]] and the [[Institute of Psychiatry]] (IoP). In addition to the Institute of Psychiatry, parts of the Dental Institute and School of Medicine, and a large hall of residence, King's College Hall, are situated here. Other buildings include the campus library known as the Weston Education Centre (WEC), the James Black Centre, the Rayne Institute (haemato-oncology) and the Cicely Saunders Institute ([[palliative care]]).<ref name="Denmark Hill Campus">{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/campuslife/campuses/denmarkhill/index.aspx |title=Denmark Hill Campus|accessdate=21 January 2013 |publisher=King's College London}}</ref>
The nearest [[London Overground|Overground]] station is [[Denmark Hill]].
=== Redevelopment programme===
King's is currently undergoing a £1 billion redevelopment programme of its estates.<ref name="redevelopment">{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/newsevents/About-Kings.aspx |title=About King's|accessdate=20 January 2013 |publisher=King's College London}}</ref> Since 1999 over half of the College's activities have been relocated in new and refurbished buildings.<ref name="redevelopment2">{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/aboutkings/facts/kingsbynumbers.aspx |title=King's By Numbers|accessdate=20 January 2013 |publisher=King's College London}}</ref> Major completed projects include a £35 million renovation of the [[Maughan Library]] in 2002, a £40 million renovation of buildings at the Strand Campus, a £25 million renovation of Somerset House East Wing, a £30 million renovation of the Denmark Hill Campus in 2007, the renovation of the Franklin-Wilkins Library at the Waterloo Campus and the completion of the £9 million Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care in 2010.<ref name="redevelopmentpast">{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/aboutkings/orgstructure/ps/estates/projects/completed/index.aspx |title=Projects |accessdate=20 January 2013 |publisher=King's College London}}</ref> The College chapel at the Strand Campus was also restored in 2001.<ref name="strandchapel"/>
The Strand Campus redevelopment won the Green Gown Award in 2007 for sustainable construction. The award recognised the "reduced energy and carbon emissions from a [[sustainable refurbishment]] of the historic South Range of the King's Building".<ref name="King's wins top Green Award">{{cite web |url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/phpnews/wmview.php?ArtID=1779 |title=King's wins top Green Award |work=King's College London |accessdate=25 April 2007 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070611232155/http://www.kcl.ac.uk/phpnews/wmview.php?ArtID=1779 |archivedate = 11 June 2007}}</ref> King's was also the recipient of the 2003 City Heritage Award for the conversion of the Grade II* listed [[Maughan Library]].<ref name="King's library wins prestigious heritage award">{{cite web |url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/phpnews/wmview.php?ArtID=394 |title=King's library wins prestigious heritage award |work=King's College London |accessdate=25 April 2007 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070708040352/http://www.kcl.ac.uk/phpnews/wmview.php?ArtID=394 |archivedate = 8 July 2007}}</ref>
Current projects include a £45 million development for the Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, £18 million on modernising the College's learning and teaching environments, a sports pavilion at Honor Oak Park.<ref name="Current projects">{{cite web |url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/aboutkings/orgstructure/ps/estates/projects/current/ |title=Current Projects |publisher=King's College London |accessdate=20 January 2013}}</ref> In April 2012 a £20 million redevelopment of the Strand Campus [[Quadrangle (architecture)|Quad]] was announced and will provide an additional 3,700 square metres of teaching space and student facilities.<ref name="Quad Redevelopment">{{cite web |url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/campuslife/campuses/strand/quad.aspx |title=Strand Quad redevelopment |publisher=King's College London |accessdate=19 January 2013}}</ref>
== Organisation and administration ==
=== Governance ===
{{See also|List of Principals of King's College London|List of Deans of King's College London}}
[[File:Henry Wace.jpg|thumb|Principal from 1883–1897 [[Henry Wace (priest)|Henry Wace]]]]
The College's formal head is the [[List of Principals of King's College London|Principal and President]], currently held by [[Ed Byrne (academic)|Ed Byrne]]. The office is established by the Charter of the College as "the chief academic and administrative officer of the College" and the College Statutes require the Principal to have the general responsibility to the Council for "ensuring that the objects of the College are fulfilled and for maintaining and promoting the efficiency, discipline and good order of the College".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/aboutkings/principal/index.aspx |title=Office of the Principal|publisher=King's College London|accessdate= 16 February 2013 }}</ref> The Charter and Statutes granted in 2009 created the additional title of President. As such the full title of the head of the College is the ''Principal and President''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/college/policyzone/assets/files/governance_and_legal/Charter_and_Statutes.pdf|title= Charter and Statutes of King's College London|publisher=King's College London|year=2009|accessdate=12 September 2013}} "(6) There shall be a Principal and President of the College who shall be the chief academic and executive officer of the College and his powers and duties shall, subject to the provisions of this Our Charter, be as prescribed by the Statutes."</ref> Senior officers are called the Principal's Central Team. Six Vice-Principals have specific responsibilities for Education; Research and Innovation; Strategy and Development; Arts and Sciences; International (developing the College's global research networks); and Health (where there is also a Deputy Vice-Principal).
The Council is the supreme governing body of the College established under the Charter and Statutes, comprising 21 members. Its membership include the President of [[KCLSU]] (as the student member), the Principal and President, up to seven other staff members, and up to 12 lay members who must not be employees of the College.<ref name="council">{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/aboutkings/governance/council/index.aspx |title=College Council|publisher=King's College London|accessdate=9 February 2013 }}</ref> It is supported by a number of standing committees.<ref name="councilstructure">{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/aboutkings/governance/committees/CollegeAssessmentBoard/CouncilStructure.pdf |title=The Council and its standing committees|publisher=King's College London|accessdate=16 February 2013 }}</ref> The current Chairman of the Council is [[Charles Wellesley, 9th Duke of Wellington]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/aboutkings/governance/council/members/LordDouro.aspx|title=Chairman of the College Council|publisher=King's College London|accessdate=22 January 2013}}</ref>
The [[List of Deans of King's College London|Dean]] of King's College is an ordained person, which is unusual among British universities.<ref name="dean">{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/aboutkings/principal/dean/thedean/index.aspx |title=The Dean|author=King's College London|accessdate=16 February 2013 }}</ref> The Dean is "responsible for overseeing the spiritual development and welfare of all students and staff". The Office of the Dean co-ordinate the [[Associateship of King's College]] programme, the Chaplaincy and the Chapel Choir, which includes 25 Choir scholarships.<ref name="dean"/> One of the Dean's roles is to encourage and foster vocations to the Church of England [[priesthood]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/aboutkings/principal/dean/thedean/vocations.aspx |title=Vocations group|author=King's College London|accessdate=16 February 2013 }}</ref>
The [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] is the College Visitor by right of office owing to the role of the Church of England in the College's foundation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/news/news_details_2006.php?news_id=55|title=Archbishop of Canterbury visits King's| accessdate=15 August 2007|publisher=King's College London|date=8 May 2006}}</ref>
=== Faculties and departments ===
King's is made up of nine faculties, which are subdivided into departments, centres and research divisions:
* [[United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals|Dental Institute]]
* [[Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery|Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery]]
* [[Institute of Psychiatry|Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience]]
* [[Faculty of Arts and Humanities, King's College London|Faculty of Arts & Humanities]]
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|style=margin-left:2em;font-size:88%|
* Arts & Humanities Research Institute
* Centre for Hellenic Studies
* Classics
* Comparative Literature
* Culture, Media & Creative Industries
* [[Department of Digital Humanities, King's College London|Digital Humanities]]
* English
* European & International Studies
* Film Studies
* French
* German
* History
* Liberal Arts
* Modern Language Centre
* Music
* Philosophy
* Spanish, Portuguese & Latin American Studies
* Theology & Religious Studies
}}
* Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|style=margin-left:2em;font-size:88%|
* Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology
* Cancer Studies
* Cardiovascular Division
* Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation
* Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences
* Genetics & Molecular Medicine
* Health & Social Care Research
* Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering
* Immunology, Infection & Inflammatory Disease
* Medical Education
* Transplantation Immunology & Mucosal Biology
* Women's Health
* Analytical & Environmental Sciences Division
* Centre for Human & Aerospace Physiological Sciences (CHAPS)
* Department of Chemistry
* Institute of Pharmaceutical Science
* MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology
* MRC-HPA Centre for Environment & Health
* [[Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics]]
* [[Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases]]
}}
* Faculty of Natural & Mathematical Sciences
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|style=margin-left:2em;font-size:88%|
* Biomedical Engineering
* Chemistry
* Informatics
* Mathematics
* Physics
}}
* Faculty of Social Science & Public Policy
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|style=margin-left:2em;font-size:88%|
* Defence Studies Department
* Education & Professional Studies
* Geography
* Gerontology
* Institute of Contemporary British History
* Institute of Middle Eastern Studies
* King's Policy Institute
* Management
* Political Economy
* Social Science, Health & Medicine
* [[Department of War Studies, King's College London|War Studies]]
}}
* [[The Dickson Poon School of Law]]
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|style=margin-left:2em;font-size:88%|
* Centre of British Constitutional Law and History
* Centre of Construction Law
* Centre of European Law
* Centre of Medical Law and Ethics
* Centre for Technology, Ethics and Law in Society
* International State Crime Initiative
* KJuris: Jurisprudence at King's
* Trust Law Committee
}}
Additionally, there are several global institutes with country-specific and regional focuses which offer postgraduate teaching, organise topical events, and make links between the university and cultural and political organisations:
* Global Institutes & Centres
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|style=margin-left:2em;font-size:88%|
* African Leadership Centre
* Brazil Institute
* India Institute
* Institute of North American Studies
* International Development Institute
* King's Centre for Global Health
* King's Cultural Institute
* Lau China Institute
* Russia Institute
}}
The [[Department of War Studies, King's College London|Department of War Studies]] is unique in the UK, and is supported by facilities such as the [[Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives]], the Centre for Defence Studies,<ref name="def">{{cite web |url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/schools/sspp/ws/research/groups/cds/ |title=Centre for Defence Studies |accessdate=20 November 2006}}</ref> and the King's Centre for Military Health Research (KCMHR).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/kcmhr/ |title=King's Centre for Military Health Research |accessdate=9 January 2013}}</ref>
The [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art|Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA)]] is administered through King's, and its students graduate alongside members of the departments which form the Faculty of Arts & Humanities. As RADA does not have degree awarding powers, its courses are validated by King's.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rada.org/aboutus/index.aspx?id=78&linkidentifier=id&itemid=78|title=About RADA|accessdate=23 August 2008 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080822104812/http://www.rada.org/aboutus/index.aspx?id=78&linkidentifier=id&itemid=78 |archivedate = 22 August 2008}}</ref>
=== Finances ===
In the financial year ended 31 July 2014 King's had a total income of £603.67 million (2012/13 – £586.95 million) and total expenditure of £605.81 million (2012/13 – £577.38 million).<ref name=finstat/> Key sources of income included £201.08 million from tuition fees and education contracts (2012/13 – £174.58 million), £171.55 million from research grants and contracts (2012/13 – £164.03 million), £122.43 million from Funding Council grants (2012/13 – £130.67 million) and £5.77 million from endowment and investment income (2012/13 – £6.4 million).<ref name=finstat/> During the 2012/13 financial year King's had a capital expenditure of £105.9 million (2012/13 – £73 million).<ref name=finstat/>
At 31 July 2014 King's had total endowments of £162.6 million (31 July 2013 – £154.09 million) and total net assets of £828.37 million (31 July 2013 – £810.05 million).<ref name=finstat/> King's has a credit rating of AA from [[Standard & Poor's]].<ref name=finstat/>
In 2013/14, King's had the seventh-highest total income of any British university.<ref name=thefindat>{{cite news|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/features/university-financial-health-check-2015/2019896.fullarticle|title=Times Higher Education university financial health check 2015|accessdate=3 May 2015|work=Times Higher Education|date=30 April 2015}}</ref>
In October 2010 King's launched a major fundraising campaign fronted by former British Prime Minister [[John Major]], with a goal to raise £500 million by 2015.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/news/major-campaign-aims-to-put-kings-among-the-fundraising-elite/414098.article|title=Major campaign aims to put King's among the fundraising elite|accessdate=31 March 2013|publisher=Times Higher Education|date=28 October 2010}}</ref>
=== Coat of arms ===
The coat of arms displayed on the College Charter is that of George IV. The shield depicts the royal coat of arms together with an [[inescutcheon]] of the [[House of Hanover]], while the supporters embody the College motto of ''{{lang|lat|sancte et sapienter}}''. No correspondence is believed to have survived regarding the choice of this coat of arms, either in the College Archives or at the [[College of Arms]], and a wide variety of unofficial adaptations have been used during the history of the College. The current coat of arms was developed following the mergers with Queen Elizabeth College and Chelsea College in 1985, and incorporates aspects of their heraldry. The College's [[coat of arms]], in [[heraldry|heraldic]] terminology, is:<ref name="coatofarms">{{citation|title=King's College London Corporate identity guidelines|year=2008|page=4|author=King's College London}}</ref>
'''The arms:'''
<blockquote>''Or on a Pale Azure between two Lions rampant respectant Gules an Anchor Gold ensigned by a Royal Crown proper on a Chief Argent an Ancient Lamp proper inflamed Gold between two Blazing Hearths also proper''.</blockquote>
'''The crest and supporters:'''
<blockquote>''On a Helm with a Wreath Or and Azure Upon a Book proper rising from a Coronet Or the rim set with jewels two Azure (one manifest) four Vert (two manifest) and two Gules a demi Lion Gules holding a Rod of Dexter a female figure habited Azure the cloak lined coif and sleeves Argent holding in the exterior hand a Lond Cross botony Gold and sinister a male figure the Long Coat Azure trimmed with Sable proper shirt Argent holding in the interior hand a Book proper''.</blockquote>
== Academics ==
=== Admissions ===
The ''[[Sunday Times]]'' has ranked King's as the 6th most difficult UK university to gain admission to.<ref name="times">{{cite news |url=http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/University_Guide/article236892.ece |title=The UCAS points system |work=The Sunday Times University Guide 2005 |accessdate=20 November 2006 | location=London | first1=Sam | last1=Coates | first2=Francis | last2=Elliott | first3=Roland | last3=Watson}}</ref> According to the 2008 Times Good University Guide approximately 30% of King's undergraduates come from independent schools.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/good_university_guide/article2166532.ece|title=The Times Good University Guide 2008 – King's College London|accessdate=24 November 2008}}</ref>
Admission to King's is extremely competitive. Courses are heavily oversubscribed and some, such as English, Law and Business Management, typically have 15 or more applicants per place.<ref name="KCL Prospectus">{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/study/ug/download/index.aspx|work=KCL Prospectus 2011|title=King's College London Undergraduate Prospectus 2011|publisher=King's College London|accessdate=3 July 2011}}</ref>
The undergraduate acceptance rate for 2014-2015 was 13%.<ref>{{cite web|title=King's College London - Undergraduate Study|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/study/international/yourcountry/usa/Advisors/Undergraduate-Advisors.aspx|website=King's College London - Undergraduate Study|publisher=King's College London}}</ref>
===Teaching===
[[File:King's College 158.jpg|A [[Classical antiquity|Classical]] sculpture of [[Sappho]] in the King's Building, Strand Campus|thumb]]
King's academic year runs from the last Monday in September to the first Friday in June.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/about/semester.html|title=Term dates|accessdate=7 October 2010|publisher=King's College London}}</ref>
Graduation ceremonies are held in June or July, with ceremonies held in [[Southwark Cathedral]] for the School of Medicine and the Dental Institute and in the [[Barbican Centre]] for all other Schools.<ref name="Locations">{{cite web |url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/about/structure/admin/acservices/grad/graduation-ceremonies/when/ |title=Locations|accessdate=29 August 2009}}</ref> Since 2008 King's graduates have worn gowns designed by [[Vivienne Westwood]].<ref name="Westwood">{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/main.jhtml?xml=/fashion/2008/01/02/efaz102.xml |title=The Daily Telegraph: A to Z of what's hot for 2008|accessdate=3 January 2008 | location=London | first=Marion | last=Hume | date=2 January 2008}}</ref>
=== Research ===
In 2013/14 King's had a total research income of £171.55 million, of which £47.64 million was from UK charitable bodies; £38.26 million from Research Councils; £32.97 million from UK central government, local authorities, health and hospital authorities; £21.38 million from EU government and other bodies; £17.09 million from overseas ex. EU; £13.11 million from UK industry, commerce and public corporations; and £1.11 million from other sources.<ref name=finstat/>
King's submitted a total of 1,369 staff across 27 units of assessment to the 2014 [[Research Excellence Framework]] (REF) assessment (compared with 1,172 submitted to the 2008 [[Research Assessment Exercise]] (RAE 2008)).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/news/ref-2014-winners-who-performed-best/2017591.article|title=REF 2014 winners: who performed best?|accessdate=30 December 2014|work=Times Higher Education|date=18 December 2014}}</ref> In the REF results 40% of King's submitted research was classified as 4*, 45% as 3*, 13% as 2* and 2% as 1*, giving an overall GPA of 3.23.<ref name=REFranking>{{cite news|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/download?ac=26855|title=Overall ranking of institutions including power market share|accessdate=30 December 2014|work=Times Higher Education|date=18 December 2014}}</ref> In rankings produced by ''Times Higher Education'' based upon the REF results King's was ranked 6th overall for research power and 7th for GPA (compared to 11th and joint 22nd respectively in the equivalent rankings for the RAE 2008).<ref name=REFranking/>
=== Medicine ===
[[File:Shepherds house guys campus kcl.JPG|thumb|Shepherd's House, Guy's Campus]]
King's is the largest centre for healthcare education in Europe.<ref name="kingspartnersfacts">{{cite web|url=http://www.kingshealthpartners.org/khp/key-facts/viewing/10008|title=Key Facts|accessdate=7 October 2010|publisher=King's Health Partners}}</ref> [[King's College London School of Medicine]] has over 2,000 undergraduate students, over 1,400 teachers, four main teaching hospitals – [[Guy's Hospital]], [[King's College Hospital]], [[St Thomas' Hospital]] and [[University Hospital Lewisham]] – and 17 associated district general hospitals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/schools/medicine/about/meded/|title=Division of Medical Education|accessdate=7 October 2010|publisher=King's College London}}</ref> King's College London Dental Institute is the largest dental school in Europe.<ref>{{Cite news |work=The Independent |location=London | title = Put a smile back on your face| accessdate =7 September 2010| url =http://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/higher/put-a-smile-back-on-your-face-554765.html| date =29 July 2004 }}</ref> The Florence Nightingale School of Nursing & Midwifery is the oldest professional school of nursing in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/schools/nursing/about/|title=Nursing & Midwifery – About us|accessdate=7 October 2010|publisher=King's College London}}</ref>
King's is a major centre for biomedical research. It is a founding member of [[King's Health Partners]], one of the largest [[academic health sciences centre]]s in Europe with a turnover of over £2 billion and approximately 25,000 employees.<ref name=kingspartnersfacts/> It also is home to six [[Medical Research Council (UK)#Institutes, centres and units|Medical Research Council centres]], the most of any British university,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/research/mrc.html|title=Medical Research Council centres|accessdate=7 October 2010|publisher=King's College London}}</ref> and is part of two of the twelve biomedical research centres established by the NHS in England – the Guy's & St Thomas'/King's College London Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre and the South London and Maudsley/KCL Institute of Psychiatry Biomedical Research Centre.<ref name="nihr">{{cite web|url=http://www.nihr.ac.uk/infrastructure/Pages/infrastructure_biomedical_research_centres.aspx|title=Biomedical Research Centres |accessdate=7 October 2010|publisher=National Institute for Health Research}}</ref>
The Drug Control Centre at King's was established in 1978 and is the only [[World Anti-Doping Agency|WADA]] accredited anti-doping laboratory in the UK and holds the official UK contract for running [[doping (sport)|doping]] tests on UK athletes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/schools/biohealth/research/drugcontrol/|title=Drug Control Centre|accessdate=7 October 2010|publisher=King's College London}}</ref> In 1997, it became the first [[International Olympic Committee]] accredited laboratory to meet the [[ISO/IEC 17025]] quality standard.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kingscollections.org/exhibitions/archives/sport/fairness/control|title=The Drug Control Centre at King's College|publisher=King's College London|accessdate=5 April 2013}}</ref> The Centre was the anti-doping facility for the [[2012 Olympics|London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/biohealth/research/divisions/aes/research/drugcontrol/olympics2012.aspx |title=London Olympics 2012|accessdate=20 January 2013|publisher=King's College London}}</ref>
=== Libraries ===
King's library facilities are spread across its campuses. The collections encompass over one million printed books, as well as thousands of journals and electronic resources.
==== Maughan Library ====
[[File:Kclssa.jpg|thumb|The [[Maughan Library]] as viewed from [[Chancery Lane]]]]
{{main|Maughan Library}}
The Maughan Library is King's largest library and is housed in the [[Listed building|Grade II* listed]] 19th century [[Gothic Revival architecture|gothic]] former [[Public Record Office]] building situated on [[Chancery Lane]] near the Strand Campus. The building was designed by [[James Pennethorne|Sir James Pennethorne]] and is home to the books and [[Academic journal|journals]] of the Schools of Arts & Humanities, [[The Dickson Poon School of Law|Law]], Natural & Mathematical Sciences, and Social Science & Public Policy. It also houses the Special Collections and rare books. Inside the Library is the octagonal Round Reading Room, inspired by the reading room of the [[British Museum]], and the former Rolls Chapel (renamed the Weston Room following a donation from the [[Garfield Weston Foundation]]) with its [[stained glass window]]s, [[mosaic]] floor and monuments, including a [[Renaissance]] terracotta figure by [[Pietro Torrigiano]] of Dr Yonge, Master of the Rolls, who died in 1516.
==== Other libraries ====
* The '''Foyle Special Collections Library''' at [[Chancery Lane]] houses a collection of over 150,000 printed works as well as thousands of [[map]]s, slides, sound recordings and some [[manuscript]] material.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/iss/archivespec/collections/sc/|title=Special Collections|accessdate=1 July 2009}}</ref>
* The '''Tony Arnold Library''' at [[Chancery Lane]] houses a collection of over 3000 law books and 140 law journals. It was named after Tony Arnold, the longest serving Secretary of the [[Institute of Taxation]]. In September 2001 the library became part of the law collection of King's College London.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tax.org.uk/showarticle.pl?id=3951;n=3621 |title=CIOT – Using the Library |publisher=Chartered Institute of Taxation |date=18 December 1997 |accessdate=29 April 2010 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20060930234116/http://www.tax.org.uk/showarticle.pl?id=3951;n=3621 |archivedate=30 September 2006}}</ref>
* The '''Franklin-Wilkins Library''' at the Waterloo Campus is home to extensive management and education holdings, as well as wide-ranging biomedical, health and life sciences coverage includes nursing, midwifery, public health, pharmacy, biological and environmental sciences, biochemistry and forensic science.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/library/libraries/waterloo.aspx |title=Franklin Wilkins Library |publisher=King's College London |date= |accessdate=20 March 2012}}</ref>
* The '''New Hunt's House Library''' at Guy's Campus covers all aspects of biomedical science. There are also extensive resources for medicine, dentistry, physiotherapy and health services.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/library/libraries/guys.aspx |title=New Hunt's House Library |publisher=King's College London |date= |accessdate=20 March 2012}}</ref>
* The '''Weston Education Centre Library''' at the Denmark Hill Campus has particular strengths in the areas of [[gastroenterology]], liver disease, diabetes, obstetrics, gynaecology, paediatrics and the [[history of medicine]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/library/libraries/denmarkhill.aspx |title=Weston Education Centre |publisher=King's College London |date= |accessdate=20 March 2012}}</ref>
* The '''St Thomas' House Library''' holdings cover all aspects of basic medical sciences, clinical medicine and health services research.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/library/libraries/stthomas.aspx |title=St Thomas' House Library |publisher=King's College London |date= |accessdate=20 March 2012}}</ref>
* The '''Institute of Psychiatry (IoP) Library''' is the largest psychiatric library in Western Europe, holding 3,000 print journal titles, 550 of which are current subscriptions, as well as access to over 3,500 electronic journals, 38,000 books, and training materials.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iop.kcl.ac.uk/departments/?locator=12 |title=IoP: Library |publisher=King's College London|accessdate=29 April 2010}}</ref>
=== Rankings and reputation===
{{Infobox UK university rankings
| ARWU_N = 7
| ARWU_W = 59
| QS_N = 5
| QS_W = 16
| THE_N = 7
| THE_W = 40
| THE_NR = 6
| THE_WR = 31
| LINE_1 = 0
| Complete = 23
| The_Guardian = 36
| Times/Sunday_Times = 29
}}
Internationally, King's is consistently ranked among the top 100 universities in the world by all major [[College and university rankings#International rankings from regional organizations|global university rankings]] compilers, having been placed between 16th by the 2014 [[QS World University Rankings]]<ref name="qs2014">{{cite web|url=http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2014 |title=QS World University Rankings 2014|publisher=QS Quacquarelli Symonds Limited|accessdate=15 September 2014}}</ref> and 38th worldwide by the [[Times Higher Education World University Rankings]].<ref name="timeshighereducation.co.uk">{{cite web|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/2013-2014/top-200.html |title=Top 200 – The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2013–2014 |publisher=Times Higher Education|accessdate=5 October 2013}}</ref>
As at 2014, King's is ranked in the Top 7 UK universities in all the six major academic rankings of global universities: [[QS World University Rankings|QS]], [[Times Higher Education World University Rankings|THE]], [[Academic Ranking of World Universities|ARWU]], "''University Ranking by Academic Performance''", "''U.S. News & World Report's Best Global Universities Rankings''" and "''Center for World University Rankings''".
The university performs less well in domestic league tables due to their methodologies which have student satisfaction scores as a significant input. According to the 2015 Times and Sunday Times University Guide, when the university is ranked according to student satisfaction scores from undergraduates on factors such as academic support, teaching, assessment and feedback, "King’s ranks 106 out of 123 institutions". However, King's is not alone in this predicament as [[University of Edinburgh]] and [[University of Manchester]] "in particular, suffer similarly and accordingly all three dwell far more on their international rankings on their websites."However, "despite the iffy student satisfaction scores, students continue to apply here in their droves" with an average of 8.1 applicants per place available for 2014 entry. This may be attributed to King's reputation, having numerous awards in recent times. "It was The Sunday Times University of the Year for Graduate Employment as recently as 2012-13 and won our overall University of the Year title two years before in 2010; the former award in particular an acknowledgement of the high regard in which King’s graduates are held by employers (and the high starting salaries they continue to command - £24,247 for the 2013 leavers)."<ref name="King's College London, 2015 Times and Sunday Times University Guide">{{cite news |url= http://st.hitcreative.com/education/university_guide/active/UniversityGuide/university/year/2015/id/3296/kings-college-london|title=King's College London|work=The Times |location=London |accessdate=15 June 2015 }}</ref>
According to the 2016 [[Complete University Guide]], 10 out of the 26 subjects offered by King's including Food Science, Education, Business Studies, Philosophy, French, Dentistry and Law, rank within the top 10 nationally.<ref>http://www.thecompleteuniversityguide.co.uk/league-tables/who's-who-in-the-subject-league-tables/</ref> The College has had 24 of its subject-areas awarded the highest rating of 5 or 5* for research quality,<ref name="Profile2006">{{citation|title=''Profile''|year=2006|publisher=King's College London}}</ref> and in 2007 it received a good result in its audit by the [[Quality Assurance Agency]].<ref name="Profile2006"/> It is in the top tier for research earnings. In September 2010, the [[Sunday Times]] selected King's as the "University of the Year 2010–11".<ref>{{cite web |title= King's wins 'University of the Year'|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/newsevents/news/newsrecords/2010/sept/KingswinsUniversityoftheYear.aspx |publisher=King's College London |date= 12 September 2010 |accessdate=15 November 2012 }}</ref>
=== Associateship of King's College ===
The [[Associateship of King's College]] (AKC) is the original award of the College, dating back to its foundation in 1829. The 1829 Royal Charter states that the purposes of King’s College are to maintain the connection between ‘sound religion and useful learning’ and to teach the ‘doctrines and duties of Christianity’.<ref>{{cite web |title=AKC|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/aboutkings/principal/dean/akc/AKC-Handbook/starting/values.aspx |publisher=King's College London |accessdate=10 March 2015 }}</ref>
Today, the AKC is a modern tradition that offers an inclusive, research-led programme of lectures that gives students the opportunities to engage with religious, philosophical and ethical issues alongside their main degree course. Graduates of King’s College London may be eligible to be elected as Associates of the College by the authority of the College Council, delegated to the Academic Board. After election, they are entitled to use the [[post-nominal letters]] ‘AKC’.
=== Fellowship of King's College ===
''See [[:Category:Fellows of King's College London|Category:Fellows of King's College London]]''
The [[Fellow#Academia|Fellowship]] of King's College (FKC) is the most prestigious award the College can bestow. The award of the Fellowship is governed by a statute of the College and reflects distinguished service to the College by a member of staff, conspicuous service to the College, or the achievement of distinction by those who were at one time closely associated with the College.<ref name="Fellowships FKCs">{{cite web |url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/college/policyzone/assets/files/governance_and_legal/KCL_Ordinances_Nov2011.pdf |work=King's College London Ordinances |title=C3 Honorary Degrees, Fellowships and Honorary Fellowships of King's College London |date=November 2011 |publisher=King's College London |accessdate=20 January 2013}}</ref>
== Student life ==
=== Students' Union ===
[[File:reggiethelion.jpg|thumb|[[King's College London Students' Union#Mascot|Reggie the Lion]], the mascot of KCLSU, outside the Great Hall in King's Strand Campus]]
{{main|King's College London Students' Union}}
Founded in 1873, King's College, London Union Society which later developed into [[King's College London Students' Union]], better known by its acronym KCLSU, is the oldest [[Student unionism in the United Kingdom|Students' Union]] in London ([[University College London Union]] being founded in 1893)<ref name="Reference to UCLU foundation in 1893">{{cite web|url=http://uclu.org/ |title=UCLU |accessdate=21 January 2013 |publisher=University College London Union}}</ref> and has a claim to being the oldest Students' Union in England.<ref name="kclsudates">{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/aboutkings/history/dates.aspx |title=Dates: 1850–1899 |accessdate=21 January 2013 |publisher=King's College London}} "1873 – The first students' Union Society is instituted at King's."</ref><ref name="KING'S COLLEGE LONDON: Union of Students">{{cite web|url=http://www.kingscollections.org/catalogues/kclca/collection/k-o/10ki80-1 |title=KING'S COLLEGE LONDON: Union of Students |date=March 2001 |accessdate=21 January 2013 |publisher=King's College London Archives}} "Records, 1874–1994, of King's College London Union Society, Students' Union, and other student societies".</ref> The Students' Union provides a wide range of activities and services, including over 50 sports clubs (which includes the Boat Club which rows on the [[River Thames]] and the Rifle Club which uses the College's shooting range located at the disused [[Aldwych tube station]] beneath the Strand Campus),<ref name="KCLSU Sports Clubs">{{cite web|url=http://www.kclsu.org/page.asp?section=1196§ionTitle=Clubs |title=Clubs |accessdate=21 January 2013 |publisher=[[KCLSU]]}}</ref> over 200 activity groups,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kclsu.org/page.asp?section=1149§ionTitle=Activities |title=Activities |accessdate=21 January 2013 |publisher=[[KCLSU]]}}</ref> a wide range of volunteering opportunities, two bars/eateries (''The Waterfront'' and ''Guy's Bar''), a shop (''King's Shop'') and a gym (''Kinetic Fitness Club''). Between 1992 and 2013 the Students' Union operated a nightclub, ''Tutu's'', named after alumnus [[Desmond Tutu]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://alumni.kcl.ac.uk/farewell-tutus|title=Farewell Tutu's: nightclub closes after over 20 years|publisher=King's College London Alumni Online|accessdate=12 September 2013}}</ref>
The former President of KCLSU [[Sir Ivison Macadam]], after whom the Students' Union building on the Strand Campus has since been named, went on to be elected as the first President of the [[National Union of Students (United Kingdom)|National Union of Students]], and KCLSU has played an active role there and in the [[University of London Union]] ever since.
''Reggie the Lion'' (informally Reggie) is the official mascot of the Students' Union. In total there are three Reggies in existence. The original can be found on display in the Macadam Building in the Students' Union student centre at the Strand Campus. A [[papier-mâché]] Reggie lives outside the Great Hall at the Strand Campus and a small [[sterling silver]] incarnation is displayed during graduation ceremonies.
=== Student media ===
KCLSU Student Media won Student Media of the Year 2014 at the Ents Forum awards<ref>{{cite web|title=King’s student media ‘best in the country’ after another successful awards evening|url=http://roarnews.co.uk/wordpress/?p=12966|publisher=Roar! News}}</ref> and came in the top three student media outlets in the country at the NUS Awards 2014.<ref>{{cite web|title=Student media at King’s comes in top three nationwide at NUS Awards|url=http://roarnews.co.uk/wordpress/?p=12916|publisher=Roar! News}}</ref>
[[Roar! (newspaper)|Roar! News]] is a tabloid newspaper for students at King's which is owned and funded by [[KCLSU]]. It is editorially independent of both the university and the students' union<ref>{{cite web|title=Student Media |work= KCLSU|url=https://www.kclsu.org/studentmedia/}}</ref> and its [http://www.roarnews.co.uk/wordpress award winning website]<ref>{{cite web|title=Roar! wins best website |work= King's College London|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/study/international/yourcountry/usa/News/Roar!-wins-best-website.aspx}}</ref> is read by tens of thousands of people per month in over 100 countries.<ref>{{cite web|title=Student Media | work=KCLSU|url=https://www.kclsu.org/studentmedia/}}</ref> In 2014 it had a successful awards season,<ref>{{cite web|title= Awards section Roar! wiki |url=http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roar!_(newspaper)}}</ref> scooping several national awards and commendations.
=== Sports ===
There are over 50 sports clubs, many of which compete in the [[University of London#Sports, clubs and traditions|University of London]] and [[British Universities and Colleges Sport|British Universities & Colleges]] (BUCS) [[Sport league|leagues]] across the South East.<ref name="KCLSU Sports Clubs"/> The annual [[Macadam Cup]] is a varsity match played between the sports teams of King's College London proper (KCL) and King's College London Medical School (KCLMS).
=== Student-led think tank ===
In November 2011, KCL students founded London's first student-led [[think tank]], the KCL Think Tank. With a membership of around 2000, it is the largest organisation of its kind in Europe.<ref>{{cite news|last=Corcoran|first=Kieran|title=Opening up the think tank|url=http://thegatewayonline.com/articles/student-life/kcl-think-tank-society|accessdate=21 April 2013|newspaper=The Gateway|date=30 October 2012}}</ref> This student initiative organises lectures and discussions in seven different policy areas, and assists students in lobbying politicians, NGOs and other policymakers with their ideas. Every September, it produces a peer-reviewed journal of policy recommendations called ''The Spectrum''.<ref>{{cite web|last=KCL Think Tank Society|title=About Us|url=http://www.kingsthinktank.com/about/|accessdate=21 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=King's College London – Student Think Tank re-launched for new academic year|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/campuslife/student/news/stories/2012/Student-Think-Tank-re-launched-for-new-academic-year.aspx|publisher=King's College London|accessdate=21 April 2013}}</ref>
=== Economics & Finance Society ===
In September 2014 the university's large student-run Economics and Finance societies merged to form one of the largest and best funded student bodies on campus.<ref>{{cite web|last=KCL Economics & Finance Society|title=About KCLEFS|url=http://www.kcleconomics.com/about/|accessdate=9 November 2014}}</ref> Supported by the Department of Political Economy<ref>{{cite web|last=KCL Department of Political Economy|title=January 2014 Newsletter|url=https://www.kcl.ac.uk/sspp/departments/politicaleconomy/Political-Economy-Newsletter-2.pdf|accessdate=9 November 2014}}</ref> and commercial sponsors, the society organises lecture-series with high-profile economists and publishes the termly 'Perspectives' economic journal.<ref>{{cite web|last=KCL Economics & Finance Society|title=KCLEFS: Perspectives Journal|url=http://kcleconomics.com/dossier/|accessdate=9 November 2014}}</ref> In 2014-2015 the society hosted [[Evan Davis]], [[Ha-Joon Chang]], [[Martin Wolf]], [[Dave Ramsden]], [[Deirdre McCloskey]], [[John Kay (economist)|John Kay]], [[Ann Pettifor]], [[Philippe Legrain]], [[Adrian Wooldridge]] and [[Alan Collins (academic)|Alan Collins]].<ref>{{cite web|last=KCL Economics & Finance Society|title=Past Events|url=http://kcleconomics.com/events/past/|accessdate=17 February 2015}}</ref>
=== Rivalry with University College London ===
{{main|King's College London and UCL rivalry|The London Varsity}}
Competition within the [[University of London]] is most intense between King's and [[University College London]], the two oldest institutions. Indeed, the University of London when it was established has been described as "an umbrella organisation designed to disguise the rivalry between UCL and KCL."<ref name="Thompson7">Thompson (1990), p. 7</ref> In the early twentieth century, [[King's College London and UCL rivalry]] was centred on their respective [[mascot]]s.<ref name="varsity">{{cite web|url=http://www.thelondonvarsity.com/#/history/4541866243|title=History – The London Varsity|publisher=[[The London Varsity]]|accessdate=31 March 2013}}</ref> University College's was Phineas Maclino, a wooden [[tobacconist]]'s sign of a kilted Jacobite [[Scottish Highlands|Highlander]] purloined from outside a shop in [[Tottenham Court Road]] during the celebrations of the relief of [[Ladysmith, KwaZulu-Natal|Ladysmith]] in 1900. King's later addition was a giant beer bottle representing "bottled youth". In 1923 it was replaced by a new mascot to rival Phineas – Reggie the Lion, who made his debut at a King's-[[University College London|UCL]] sporting [[Student Rags|rag]] in December 1923, protected by a lifeguard of engineering students armed with T-squares. Thereafter, Reggie formed the centrepiece of annual [[fresher]]s' processions by King's students around [[Aldwych]] in which new students were typically flour bombed.
Although riots between respective College students occurred in central London well into the 1950s, rivalry is now limited to the [[rugby union]] pitch and skulduggery over mascots, with the annual [[The London Varsity|London Varsity]] series culminating in the historic match between [[King's College Rugby Club|King's College London RFC]] and University College London RFC.<ref name="varsity"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unisportonline.co.uk/The-London-Varsity-LIVE/Sports-News/|title=The London Varsity Live|date=29 February 2012|publisher=UniSportOnline|accessdate=31 March 2013}}</ref>
=== Rivalry with the London School of Economics ===
On 2 December 2005, tensions between King's and the [[London School of Economics]] (LSE) were ignited when at least 200 students from LSE (located in [[Aldwych]] near the Strand Campus) diverted off from the annual "barrel run" and caused an estimated £32,000 (''[[The Beaver]]'', LSESU student newspaper, 26 September 2006) of damage to the English department at King's.<ref name="rampage">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/4506664.stm|title=Students in university rampage|publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=7 December 2005|accessdate=20 November 2006}}</ref> Principal [[Rick Trainor|Sir Rick Trainor]] called for no retaliation and [[LSE Students' Union]] were forced to issue an apology as well as foot the bill for the damage repair. While LSE officially condemned the action, a photograph was published in ''The Beaver'' which was later picked up by ''[[The Times]]'' that showed LSE Director [[Howard Davies (LSE)|Sir Howard Davies]] drinking with members of the LSE Students' Union shortly before the barrel run and subsequent "rampage" began. King's appears to have been targeted, however, principally owing to its close proximity to LSE rather than by any ill-feeling. There is also somewhat of a sporting rivalry between the two institutions, albeit to a lesser extent than with UCL.
=== Student residences ===
==== Halls of residence ====
[[File:Trinity Street pedestrianised - geograph.org.uk - 1764586.jpg|thumb|The [[Great Dover Street]] halls of residence]]
King's has a total of eight [[Dormitory#Higher education|halls of residence]] located throughout London. Priority is given to students whose home address is outside the [[M25 motorway]].<ref>{{cite web|url=
http://www.kcl.ac.uk/study/pg/accom/fees/attachments/EntryFAQs.pdf |title=Accommodation Services: Frequently Asked Questions & Answers New Applicants|publisher=King's College London |year=2012 |accessdate=21 January 2013}}</ref>
Self-catered:
* Brian Creamer House at [[St Thomas' Hospital|St Thomas' Campus]]
* [[Great Dover Street]] Apartments at [[Guy's Hospital|Guy's Campus]]
* Hampstead Residence in [[Hampstead]]
* Moonraker Point in [[Southwark]] (nominated residence run by [[Unite Group]])
* [[Stamford Street]] Apartments at the [[Waterloo Road, London|Waterloo Campus]]
* The Rectory at [[St Thomas' Hospital|St Thomas' Campus]]
* Wolfson House at [[Guy's Hospital|Guy's Campus]]
* Champion Hill in [[Southwark]] (still under construction as of late September 2014)
==== Intercollegiate halls of residence ====
In addition to halls of residence run by King's, full-time students are eligible to stay at one of the Intercollegiate Halls of Residence offered by the [[University of London]]. King's has the largest number of bedspaces in the University of London Intercollegiate Halls.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lon.ac.uk/halls.html |title=University of London – Intercollegiate Halls |publisher=University of London |date=3 March 2010|accessdate=29 April 2010}}</ref> The halls are:
* Canterbury Hall,<ref name="london1">{{cite web|url=http://www.halls.london.ac.uk/student/garden/Default.aspx |title=University of London Accommodation – Garden Halls |publisher=University of London |date= |accessdate=13 April 2010}}</ref> [[College Hall, London|College Hall]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.halls.london.ac.uk/student/college/Default.aspx |title=University of London Accommodation – College Hall |publisher=University of London |date= |accessdate=13 April 2010}}</ref> Commonwealth Hall,<ref name="london1"/> [[Connaught Hall, London|Connaught Hall]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.halls.london.ac.uk/student/connaught/Default.aspx |title=University of London Accommodation – Connaught Hall |publisher=University of London |date= |accessdate=13 April 2010}}</ref> [[Hughes Parry Hall, London|Hughes Parry Hall]]<ref name="london1"/> and [[International Hall, London|International Hall]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.halls.london.ac.uk/student/international/Default.aspx |title=University of London Accommodation – International Hall |publisher=University of London |date= |accessdate=13 April 2010}}</ref> near [[Russell Square]] in [[Bloomsbury]]
* Lillian Penson Hall (postgraduates only) in [[Paddington]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.halls.london.ac.uk/student/lillianpenson/Default.aspx |title=University of London Accommodation – Lillian Penson Hall |publisher=University of London |date= |accessdate=13 April 2010}}</ref>
* [[Nutford House, London|Nutford House]] in [[Marble Arch]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.halls.london.ac.uk/student/nutford/Default.aspx |title=University of London Accommodation – Nutford House |publisher=University of London |date= |accessdate=13 April 2010}}</ref>
Additionally, students can apply to live in [[International Students House, London|International Students House]].
== Notable people ==
=== Notable alumni ===
{{main|List of King's College London alumni}}
[[File:Desmond tutu wef.jpg|Archbishop [[Desmond Tutu]] (BD '65, MTh '66) was awarded the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] in 1984|thumb|left|200px]] [[File:Peter higgs chalkboard.jpg|thumb|right|114px|[[Peter Higgs]] (BSc '50, MSc '52, PhD '54) was awarded the 2013 [[Nobel Prize in Physics]]]]
King's has educated numerous foreign Heads of State and Government including two former Presidents of Cyprus, [[Tassos Papadopoulos]] (Law, 1955),<ref name="phileleftheros 1">{{cite news|first=Helena|last=Smith| title=Obituary: Tassos Papadopoulos|date=8 January 2009|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/jan/08/cyprus-obituary-tassos-papadopoulos|publisher=The Guardian|accessdate=31 March 2013|location=London}}</ref> and [[Glafcos Clerides]] (Law, 1948),<ref name="Glafkos Ioannou Clerides">{{cite web|url=http://www.mlahanas.de/Cyprus/Bios/GlafkosClerides.html|title=Glafkos Ioannou Clerides|accessdate=16 January 2008}}</ref> Prime Minister of Jordan [[Marouf al-Bakhit]] (War Studies, 1990),<ref name="Biography of Marouf al-Bakhit">{{cite web|url=http://www.globalinsight.com/Perspective/PerspectiveDetail2538.htm|title=Biography of Marouf al-Bakhit|accessdate=22 December 2008}}{{subscription required}}</ref> President of the Seychelles [[France-Albert René]] (Law),<ref name="France-Albert Rene">{{cite book| author = Editors of the American Heritage Dictionaries| title = The Riverside dictionary of biography| url = http://books.google.com/?id=4zxQ5dr61X8C&pg=PA670| accessdate = 31 March 2013| year = 2005| publisher = Houghton Mifflin| isbn = 978-0618493371| page = 670 }}</ref> Prime Minister of the Bahamas [[Lynden Pindling|Sir Lynden Pindling]] (Law, 1952),<ref name="Sir Lynden Pindling">{{cite book| last = O'Neill| first = Terry| title = The Bahamas Speed Weeks| url = http://books.google.com/?id=rkXnZF-WcT4C&pg=PA353| accessdate = 31 March 2013| year = 2006| publisher = Veloce Publishing Ltd| isbn = 978-1845840181| page = 353 }}</ref> President of Uganda [[Godfrey Binaisa]] (Law, 1955),<ref name="autogenerated204">{{cite book | last = Wolfgang, M. E. & Lambert, R. D. | title = Africa in Transition | publisher=American Academy of Political and Social Science | year = 1977 | page = 204}}</ref> Prime Minister of Iraq [[Abd al-Rahman al-Bazzaz]] (Law, 1938),<ref name="al-bazzaz">{{cite book| first1 = John L| title = The Oxford Dictionary of Islam – Abdul-Rahman al-Bazzaz| url = http://books.google.com/?id=6VeCWQfVNjkC&pg=PA40| accessdate = 31 March 2013| year = 2004| publisher = Oxford University Press| isbn = 978-0-19-512559-7| author1 = Esposito }}</ref> Prime Minister of Grenada [[Maurice Bishop]]; Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis [[Lee Moore (politician)|Sir Lee Moore]] (Law & Theology),<ref name="Biography of Sir Lee Moore">{{cite web|url=http://www.cuopm.com/newsitem.asp?articlenumber=49|title=Court Building to be named in honour of Sir Lee Llewellyn Moore on National Heroes Day|publisher=Office of the Prime Minister of the Government of St. Kitts & Nevis|accessdate=31 March 2013}}</ref> Governor General of Ghana [[William Hare, 5th Earl of Listowel]] (PhD, 1932), Governor General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines [[Sydney Gun-Munro|Sir Sydney Gun-Munro]] (Medicine, 1943), and Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands [[Martin Bourke]] (War Studies, 1970).<ref name="Martin Bourke">{{cite web|url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U8222|title=Martin Bourke|publisher=[[Who's Who (UK)|Who's Who]]}}{{subscription required}}</ref> At ministerial level King's alumni include Deputy Prime Ministers of Canada ([[Anne McLellan]]), Singapore ([[S. Rajaratnam]]), Egypt ([[Ziad Bahaa-Eldin]]) and Moldova ([[Natalia Gherman]]); Vice Presidents of Kenya ([[Michael Kijana Wamalwa]]) and Sierra Leone ([[Francis Minah]] and [[Abdulai Conteh]]); Foreign Ministers of Bulgaria ([[Nikolay Mladenov]]), Japan ([[Hayashi Tadasu]]), Malaysia ([[Rais Yatim]]), Pakistan ([[Muhammad Zafarullah Khan|Sir Muhammad Zafarullah Khan]]), Ghana ([[Obed Asamoah]]), Kenya ([[James Nyamweya]]), Sierra Leone ([[J. B. Dauda]]), Jamaica ([[Marlene Malahoo Forte]]) and Guyana ([[Shridath Ramphal|Sir Shridath Ramphal]] and [[Frederick Wills (Guyana)|Frederick Wills]]); and Irish Finance Minister [[Michael Collins (Irish leader)|Michael Collins]].
Notable King's alumni to have held senior positions in British politics include the British Foreign Secretary [[David Owen|Lord Owen]], two Speakers of the House of Commons in [[Horace King, Baron Maybray-King|Lord Maybray-King]] (English) and [[James Lowther, 1st Viscount Ullswater|Lord Ullswater]], and the former Cabinet Ministers [[John MacGregor, Baron MacGregor of Pulham Market|Lord MacGregor]] (Law, 1962), [[Harold Watkinson, 1st Viscount Watkinson|Lord Watkinson]] (Engineering), [[Sidney Webb, 1st Baron Passfield|Lord Passfield]], and [[John Wilmot, 1st Baron Wilmot of Selmeston|Lord Wilmot]]. As of the current Parliament there are 18 King's graduates in the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]], and 15 King's graduates in the [[House of Lords]].
Notable alumni in the sciences include Nobel laureates [[Peter Higgs]] (Physics, 1954),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/aboutkings/history/famouspeople/peterhiggs.aspx|title=Professor Peter Higgs|publisher=King's College London|accessdate=12 September 2013}}</ref> [[Michael Levitt]] (Physics, 1967),<ref>http://csb.stanford.edu/levitt/</ref> [[Max Theiler]] and [[Frederick Gowland Hopkins|Sir Frederick Hopkins]];<ref name="nobelpr"/><ref name="Hopkins Obit">{{cite journal|first=Joseph|last=Needham|title=Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins, O.M., F.R.S. (1861–1947)| publisher=[[The Royal Society]]|volume=17|issue=2|date=December 1962|pages=117–162|jstor=531218}}{{subscription required}}</ref> polymath [[Francis Galton|Sir Francis Galton]]; pathologist [[Thomas Hodgkin]]; pioneer of IVF [[Patrick Steptoe]]; discoverers of [[Hepatitis C]] [[Michael Houghton (scientist)|Michael Houghton]] and [[Qui-Lim Choo]]; DNA researchers [[Raymond Gosling]] and [[Herbert Wilson]], and the botanist [[David Bellamy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/content/1/c4/37/95/profile2007.pdf|format=PDF|title=Notable Alumni |publisher=King's College London|year=2005|accessdate=16 January 2008|archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070824093403/http://www.kcl.ac.uk/content/1/c4/37/95/profile2007.pdf |archivedate=24 August 2007}}</ref>
Alumni in academic administration include Vice-Chancellors of [[Alison Richard|Cambridge]], [[Richard Sykes (biochemist)|Imperial]], [[George Kitchin|Durham]], [[Alec Merrison|Bristol]], [[Nancy Rothwell|Manchester]], [[Paul Wellings|Lancaster]], [[Robert Allison (academic)|Loughborough]], [[Malcolm Gillies|City]], [[Kenneth Hare|British Columbia]], [[Robert Street|Western Australia]], [[Devendra Prasad Gupta|India]], [[Joseph Pope (academic)|Aston]], [[Bernadette Porter|Roehampton]], [[Barney Pityana|South Africa]], [[Frederick Robertson (academic)|Pakistan]], [[Francis Stock|Natal]], [[Chris Taylor (engineer)|Bradford]], [[Kenneth Dike|Ibadan]], [[Anne Wright|Sunderland]] and [[James Barrett (academic)|Melbourne]].
In Law, King's alumni include the Senior President of Tribunals [[Jeremy Sullivan|Sir Jeremy Sullivan]] (Law, 1967);<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/6365057.stm|title=Profile: Sir Jeremy Sullivan|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=15 February 2007|accessdate=31 March 2013}}</ref> current High Court Judges [[David Foskett|Sir David Foskett]] (Law, 1970) and [[Geraldine Andrews|Dame Geraldine Andrews]] (Law, 1982);<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/aboutkings/governance/council/members/sirdavidfoskett.aspx|title=The Hon Sir David Foskett FKC|publisher=King's College London|accessdate=31 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.judiciary.gov.uk/media/media-releases/2013/appointment-high-court-judge-geraldine-andrews|title=Courts and Tribunals Judiciary|work=judiciary.gov.uk}}</ref> Judge of the International Court of Justice [[Patrick Lipton Robinson]] (Law, 1972);<ref name="ICJ">{{cite web | url=http://www.icj-cij.org/presscom/files/4/18394.pdf | title=ICJ Press Release | publisher=[[International Court of Justice|ICJ]] official site | accessdate=19 November 2014}}</ref> former Independent Reviewer of Terrorism Legislation [[Alex Carlile, Baron Carlile of Berriew|Lord Carlile]] (Law, 1969);<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/newsevents/news/newsrecords/2012/01Jan/New-Years-Honours-2012.aspx|title=New Year's Honours 2012|publisher=King's College London|accessdate=12 September 2013}}</ref> Law Lord [[Edmund Davies, Baron Edmund-Davies|Lord Edmund-Davies]], and the Chief Justice of Western Australia [[Wayne Martin]] (Law, 1975).
King's alumni in religion include the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] laureate and Archbishop Emeritus of Cape Town [[Desmond Tutu]] (Theology, 1966),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/aboutkings/history/famouspeople/desmondtutu.aspx|title=Desmond Tutu|publisher=King's College London|accessdate=31 March 2013}}</ref> former Archbishop of Canterbury [[George Carey|Lord Carey]] (Theology, 1962),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.archbishopofcanterbury.org/pages/george-carey-103rd-archbishop-of-canterbury.html |title=George Carey – 103rd Archbishop of Canterbury|publisher=The Archbishop of Canterbury|accessdate=31 March 2013}}</ref> Head of the Church of Ireland [[Richard Clarke (bishop)|Richard Clarke]] (Theology & Religious Studies, 1975), former [[Chief Rabbi]] of the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth [[Jonathan Sacks|Lord Sacks]] (Theology & Religious Studies, 1981),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chiefrabbi.org/chief-rabbi-sacks/biography-of-the-chief-rabbi-lord-sacks/|title=Biography of the Chief Rabbi Lord Sacks|publisher=Office of the Chief Rabbi |accessdate=31 March 2013}}</ref> Archbishops of Cape Town [[Njongonkulu Ndungane]] and [[Joost de Blank]], Archbishop of New Zealand [[Churchill Julius]], and the Ethiopian cardinal [[Berhaneyesus Demerew Souraphiel]].
Notable King's alumni in poetry and literature include the poet [[John Keats]] (Medicine), and the writers [[Thomas Hardy]] (French), [[Arthur C. Clarke|Sir Arthur C. Clarke]] (Mathematics & Physics), [[Virginia Woolf]], [[Alain de Botton]] (Philosophy), [[Michael Morpurgo]] (French & English), [[W. Somerset Maugham]], [[Charles Kingsley]], [[C. S. Forester]], [[John Ruskin]], [[Radclyffe Hall]], [[Susan Hill]], [[Hanif Kureishi]] (Philosophy), [[Maureen Duffy]], [[Khushwant Singh]], [[Leslie Stephen|Sir Leslie Stephen]], and the [[Man Booker Prize|Booker Prize]] winner [[Anita Brookner]] (History). In addition, the dramatist [[W. S. Gilbert|Sir W. S. Gilbert]] of Gilbert and Sullivan graduated from King's.
King's alumni in the arts include the impressionist [[Rory Bremner]] (Modern Languages, 1984);<ref name="oldnotable">{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/alumni/about/known/|title=King's Notable Alumni |publisher=King's College London|year=2006|accessdate=16 January 2008|archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070829044710/http://www.kcl.ac.uk/alumni/about/known/ |archivedate=29 August 2008}}</ref> [[Queen (band)|Queen]] bassist [[John Deacon]];<ref name="oldnotable"/> Chief Executive of the Royal Opera House [[Alex Beard (arts manager)|Alex Beard]]; [[Academy Award|Oscar]] winners [[Greer Garson]] and [[Edmund Gwenn]]; [[Olivier Award]] judge, producer and artistic director [[Siobhan Daly|Siobhán Daly]]; [[Grammy Award]] winners [[Boris Karloff]], [[John Eliot Gardiner|Sir John Eliot Gardiner]] (Music) and [[Peter Asher]] (Philosophy); [[Emmy Award]] winning director [[Sacha Gervasi]] (History, 1988), and the [[Golden Globe Award|Golden Globe]] winning composer [[Michael Nyman]] (Music, 1971) and the Air Commander Australia, Air-Vice Marshal Mel Hupfeld DSC.
King's alumni in the military include the former head of the British Army [[John Harding, 1st Baron Harding of Petherton|Lord Harding]], head of the Singapore Armed Forces [[Neo Kian Hong]] (Engineering, 1988), head of the Nigerian Armed Forces [[Ola Ibrahim]] (War Studies), head of the Maltese Armed Forces [[Martin Xuereb]] (International Relations), head of the Czech Army [[Petr Pavel]] (International Relations, 2006), and head of the Malaysian Army [[Md Hashim bin Hussein]] (War Studies, 1991); three Commandant General's of the Royal Marines, [[Ed Davis (Royal Marines officer)|Ed Davis]] (Defence Studies), [[Andy Salmon]] (Defence Studies), and [[Robert Fry|Sir Robert Fry]] (War Studies, 1987); Commander of Land Forces [[Adrian Bradshaw|Sir Adrian Bradshaw]] (Defence Studies & International Relations); Commandant of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst [[Stuart Skeates]] (History & Defence Studies), and two recipients of the [[Victoria Cross]], [[Ferdinand Simeon Le Quesne|Ferdinand Le Quesne]] and [[Mark Sever Bell]].
King's is also the alma mater of the founder of [[Bentley Motors]], [[W. O. Bentley|Walter Bentley]]; [[Foursquare]] co-founder [[Naveen Selvadurai]]; [[CEO]] of [[Coutts]] [[Rory Tapner]] (Law, 1982); journalists [[Martin Bashir]] (Religious History, 1985), [[Sophie Long]] (War Studies), [[Jane Corbin]] (English, 1975), [[David Bond (journalist)|David Bond]], [[Sean Fletcher]] (Geography) and [[Anita Anand]];<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/news/news_details.php?news_id=442&year=2005|title=King's alumnus to anchor US TV news show|publisher=King's College London|year=2005|accessdate=31 March 2013}}</ref> and the Olympic gold medalists [[Katherine Grainger]] (Law, 2013),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://alumni.kcl.ac.uk/graingerolympicgold|title=KCL's Katherine Grainger wins gold - King's Alumni Online|work=kcl.ac.uk}}</ref> and [[Kieran West]] (War Studies, 2005).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://alumni.kcl.ac.uk/kingsolympichopefuls|title=King's Olympic Hopefuls - King's Alumni Online|work=kcl.ac.uk}}</ref>
<gallery class="center">
File:Francis Galton 1850s.jpg|Polymath [[Francis Galton|Sir Francis Galton]] (Medicine, 1839)
File:Gilbert-GS-Big.JPG|Dramatist [[W. S. Gilbert|Sir W. S. Gilbert]] of Gilbert and Sullivan (BA, 1856)
File:Thomashardy restored.jpg|Novelist and poet [[Thomas Hardy]] (French, 1863)
File:George Charles Beresford - Virginia Woolf in 1902.jpg|Writer [[Virginia Woolf]] (Languages, 1901)
File:Clarke sm.jpg|Science fiction writer [[Arthur C. Clarke|Sir Arthur C. Clarke]] (BSc, 1948)
File:Archbishop george carey1.jpg|Archbishop of Canterbury [[George Carey|Lord Carey]] (BD, 1962)
File:Michael Levitt.jpg|Winner of the 2013 [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] [[Michael Levitt]] (BSc, 1967)
File:Rory Bremner at the Savoy 2007.jpg|Impressionist and comedian [[Rory Bremner]] (BA, 1984)
File:Maroufalbakhit.jpg|Prime Minister of Jordan [[Marouf al-Bakhit]] (PhD, 1990)
File:Alaindebotton.png|Writer and philosopher [[Alain de Botton]] (MPhil, 1992)
</gallery>
===Heads of state and government===
{| class="wikitable" style="float: center; border: 5px solid #BBB; margin: .96em 0 0 .9em;"
|- style="font-size: 40%;""
!State/Government !! Individual !! Office
|-
|''{{flagu|Bahamas}}'' <center>
|[[Lynden Pindling|Sir Lynden Pindling]]
|Prime Minister (1969-1992); Premier (1967-1969)
|-
|''{{flagu|Cyprus}}'' <center>
|[[Tassos Papadopoulos]]
| President (2003-2008)
|-
|''{{flagu|Cyprus}}'' <center>
|[[Glafcos Clerides]]
| President (1993-2003)
|-
|''{{flagu|Cyprus}}'' <center>
|[[John Harding, 1st Baron Harding of Petherton|Lord Harding]]
| Governor (1955-1957)
|-
|''{{flagu|Ghana}}'' <center>
|[[William Hare, 5th Earl of Listowel]]
|Governor-General (1957-1960)
|-
|''{{flagu|Grenada}}'' <center>
|[[Maurice Bishop]]
|President (1979-1983)
|-
|''{{flagu|Iraq}}'' <center>
|[[Abd al-Rahman al-Bazzaz]]
|Prime Minister (1965-1966)
|-
|''{{flagu|Ireland}}'' <center>
|[[Michael Collins]]
|Chairman of the Irish Provisional Government (1922)
|-
|''{{flagu|Jordan}}'' <center>
|[[Marouf al-Bakhit]]
|Prime Minister (2005-2007; 2011)
|-
|''{{flagu|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}'' <center>
|[[Lee Moore (politician)|Sir Lee Moore]]
|Prime Minister (1979-1980)
|-
|''{{flagu|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}'' <center>
|[[Sydney Gun-Munro|Sir Sydney Gun-Munro]]
|Governor (1976-1979); Governor-General (1979-1985)
|-
|''{{flagu|Seychelles}}'' <center>
|[[France-Albert René]]
|Prime Minister (1976-1977); President (1977-2004)
|-
|''{{flagu|Turks and Caicos Islands}}''
|[[Martin Bourke]]
|Governor (1993–1996)
|-
|''{{flagu|Uganda}}'' <center>
|[[Godfrey Binaisa]]
|President (1979-1981)
|}
=== Nobel laureates ===
{{main|List of Nobel laureates affiliated with King's College London}}
There are 12 [[list of Nobel laureates|Nobel laureates]] who were either students or academics at King's.<ref name="nobelpr"/>
{| class="wikitable" style="float: center; border: 5px solid #BBB; margin: .96em 0 0 .9em;"
|- style="font-size: 40%;""
|-
!Name
!Year
!Prize
!Affiliation
!Reference
|-
|[[Charles Glover Barkla]]
|<center>1917</center>
|[[Nobel Prize in Physics]]
|Wheatstone Professor of Physics (1909–1913)
|<center><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1917/barkla-bio.html|title=Charles Glover Barkla - Biographical|work=nobelprize.org}}</ref></center>
|-
|[[Owen Willans Richardson|Sir Owen Willans Richardson]]
|<center>1928</center>
|[[Nobel Prize in Physics]]
|Wheatstone Professor of Physics (1914–1924)
|<center><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1928/richardson-bio.html|title=Owen Willans Richardson - Biographical|work=nobelprize.org}}</ref></center>
|-
|[[Frederick Gowland Hopkins|Sir Frederick Hopkins]]
|<center>1929</center>
|[[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]]
|MD (1894)
|<center><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1929/hopkins-bio.html|title=Sir Frederick Hopkins - Biographical|work=nobelprize.org}}</ref></center>
|-
|[[Charles Scott Sherrington|Sir Charles Scott Sherrington]]
|<center>1932</center>
|[[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]]
|Professor of Systemic Physiology (1887–1891)
|<center><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1932/sherrington-bio.html|title=Sir Charles Sherrington - Biographical|work=nobelprize.org}}</ref></center>
|-
|[[Edward Victor Appleton|Sir Edward Victor Appleton]]
|<center>1947</center>
|[[Nobel Prize in Physics]]
|Wheatstone Professor of Physics (1924–1936)
|<center><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1947/appleton-bio.html|title=Edward V. Appleton - Biographical|work=nobelprize.org}}</ref></center>
|-
|[[Max Theiler]]
|<center>1951</center>
|[[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]]
|MD (1922)
|<center><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1951/theiler-bio.html|title=Max Theiler - Biographical|work=nobelprize.org}}</ref></center>
|-
|[[Maurice Wilkins]]
|<center>1962</center>
|[[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]]
|Professor of Biophysics (1970–1981)
|<center><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1962/wilkins-bio.html|title=Maurice Wilkins - Biographical|work=nobelprize.org}}</ref></center>
|-
|[[Desmond Tutu]]
|<center>1984</center>
|[[Nobel Peace Prize]]
|BD (1965), MTh (1966)
|<center><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1984/tutu-cv.html|title=Desmond Tutu - Curriculum Vitae|work=nobelprize.org}}</ref></center>
|-
|[[James W. Black|Sir James Black]]
|<center>1988</center>
|[[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]]
|Professor of Analytical Pharmacology (1984–1993)
|<center><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1988/black-bio.html|title=Sir James W. Black - Biographical|work=nobelprize.org}}</ref></center>
|-
|[[Mario Vargas Llosa]]
|<center>2010</center>
|[[Nobel Prize in Literature]]
|Lecturer in Spanish American Literature (1969–1970)
|<center><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2010/vargas_llosa-bio.html|title=Mario Vargas Llosa - Biographical|work=nobelprize.org}}</ref></center>
|-
|[[Peter Higgs]]
|<center>2013</center>
|[[Nobel Prize in Physics]]
|BSc (1950), MSc (1952), PhD (1954)
|<center><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2013/higgs-facts.html|title=Peter Higgs - Facts|work=nobelprize.org}}</ref></center>
|-
|[[Michael Levitt]]
|<center>2013</center>
|[[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]]
|BSc (1967)
|<center><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2013/levitt-facts.html|title=Michael Levitt - Facts|work=nobelprize.org}}</ref></center>
|-
|}
=== Notable academics ===
''See also [[:Category:Academics of King's College London]]''
King's has benefited from the services of academics at the top of their fields, including:
<gallery class="center">
file:Charles Lyell.jpg|<center>[[Charles Lyell|Sir Charles Lyell]]</center>
file:Wheatstone Charles drawing 1868.jpg|<center>[[Charles Wheatstone|Sir Charles Wheatstone]]</center>
file:James Clerk Maxwell.png|<center>[[James Clerk Maxwell]]</center>
file:Lister Joseph.jpg|<center>[[Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister|Lord Lister]]</center>
File:Charles Glover Barkla.jpg|<center>[[Charles Barkla]]</center>
file:Charles Scott Sherrington1.jpg|<center>[[Charles Scott Sherrington|Sir Charles Sherrington]]</center>
File:Maurice Wilkins nobel.jpg|<center>[[Maurice Wilkins]]</center>
File:Appleton.jpg|<center>[[Edward Victor Appleton|Sir Edward Appleton]]</center>
File:Owen Richardson.jpg|<center>[[Owen Willans Richardson|Sir Owen Richardson]]</center>
File:Mario Vargas Llosa (2010).jpg|<center>[[Mario Vargas Llosa]]</center>
File:Roger Penrose-6Nov2005.jpg|<center>[[Roger Penrose|Sir Roger Penrose]]</center>
File:Johnellis.jpg|<center>[[John Ellis (physicist)|John Ellis]]</center>
</gallery>
== In popular culture ==
=== Fictional alumni ===
In the ''[[Sherlock (TV series)|Sherlock]]'' episode "[[The Blind Banker]]", King's College London can be seen listed in [[Dr. Watson|Watson]]'s curriculum vitae.
In [[Philip Roth]]'s novel ''[[The Professor of Desire]]'', the main character David Kepesh spent a certain period of time studying comparative literature at the College on a Fulbright Scholarship.
In some of the paintings of [[Henry Hudson (artist)]], Young Sen - a Chinese scientific prodigy who has been offered an unconditional place at King's to read medicine,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/entertainment/articles/2015-04/22/henry-hudson-interview-with-dylan-jones-gq-icon|title=Dylan Jones meets iconic artist Henry Hudson|publisher=GQ Magazine|accessdate=22 April 2015}}</ref> is depicted his biographical painting series, showing the rise and fall of the protagonist.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.standard.co.uk/goingout/exhibitions/smutty-putty-henry-hudson-rerenders-hogarths-a-rakes-progress-at-sothebys-10194502.html|title=Smutty Putty: Henry Hudson re-renders Hogarth’s A Rake’s Progress at Sotheby's|publisher=Evening Standard|accessdate=22 April 2015}}</ref>
=== Fictional staff ===
In the [[Sherlock Holmes]] story "[[The Adventure of the Resident Patient]]", Dr Percy Trevelyan describes himself as a "London University man" who joined King's College Hospital after graduating.
=== Non-fictional staff ===
[[Nicole Kidman]] is set to play the life of [[Rosalind Franklin]] in a play called [[Photograph 51]] at the [[Noel Coward Theatre]] in the [[West End of London]] in late 2015. The title refers to [[Photo 51]], an x-ray crystallography image of the DNA double helix structure produced by Franklin and a PhD student in 1952 at King’s College, London.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/theatre/theatre-news/11556038/Nicole-Kidman-returns-to-the-West-End-stage.html|title=Nicole Kidman Returns to the West End|publisher=The Daily Telegraph|accessdate=23 April 2015}}</ref>
=== Fictional settings ===
King's Department of Theology's library plays a widely fictionalised part in [[Dan Brown]]'s ''[[The Da Vinci Code]]''.
=== Film settings ===
The neoclassical facade of King's, with the passage which connects the Strand to the [[Somerset House]] terrace has been utilised to reproduce the late Victorian Strand in the opening scenes of [[Oliver Parker]]'s 2002 film ''[[The Importance of Being Earnest (2002 film)|The Importance of Being Earnest]]''. The East Wing of King's appears, as a part of Somerset House, in a number of other productions, such as ''[[Wilde]]'', ''[[Flyboys (film)|Flyboys]]'', and ''[[The Duchess (film)|The Duchess]]''.
The [[Maughan Library]] has also been the location of some film shoots of popular movies, most notably [[The Da Vinci Code (film)|The Da Vinci Code]] and [[Johnny English]] (see [[Maughan Library]] description).
== See also ==
{{Portal bar|United Kingdom|London|University}}
== References ==
; Notes
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
; Bibliography
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book|title=A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 1 - Physique, Archaeology, Domesday, Ecclesiastical Organization, The Jews, Religious Houses, Education of Working Classes to 1870, Private Education from Sixteenth Century|editor1-first=J. S.|editor1-last=Cockburn|editor2-first=H. P. F.|editor2-last=King|editor3-first=K. G. T.|editor3-last=McDonnell|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=22145&strquery=#s5 |year=1969|chapter=The University of London: The Constituent Colleges|series=[[Victoria County History]]|publisher=[[Institute of Historical Research]], [[University of London]]|isbn=978-0-1972-2713-8|accessdate=9 February 2013 }}
* {{cite book| last = Harte| first = N. B.| title = The University of London, 1836–1986 An Illustrated History| url = http://books.google.com/?id=PysucrsTkWAC| year = 1986| publisher = Athlone Press Ltd| location = London| isbn = 978-0485120523 }}
* {{cite book|title=The Centenary History of King's College, London, 1828–1928|author=[[F. J. C. Hearnshaw|Hearnshaw, F. J. C.]]|publisher=George G. Harrap & Co|year=1929}}
* {{cite book |title=King's College London, the Chapel|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/aboutkings/principal/dean/chaplaincy/strand/chapel/heulin.pdf|publisher=King's College London|first=Gordon|last=Heulin|year=1979|accessdate=22 January 2013}}
* {{cite book|title=The London Encyclopedia|page=958|author=C. Hibbert, B. Weinreb, J. Keay, J. Keay|year=2008|edition=3rd }}
* {{cite book| last = Holmes| first = Richard| title = Wellington The Iron Duke| year = 2002| publisher = London: Harper Collins Publishers| isbn = 978-0-00-713750-3 }}
* {{cite book|last=MacIlwraith|first=W.|title=The Life and Writings of George Grote: An Essay|publisher=Barford & Newitt|year=1884}}
* {{cite book| last = Maddox| first = Brenda| title = Rosalind Franklin The Dark Lady of DNA| year = 2002| publisher = Harper Collins| isbn = 0-00-655211-0 }}
* {{cite book| last = Thompson| first = F.M.L.| title = The University of London and the World of Learning, 1836–1986| year = 1990| publisher = Continuum International Publishing Group| isbn = 978-1852850326 }}
* {{cite book| author = King's College London| title = Prospectus of King's College, London academical year 1854-5| url = http://books.google.com/?id=-thLAAAAcAAJ| accessdate = 4 March 2013| date = 1854–55| publisher = R. Clay| location = London }}
* {{cite book| title = House of Lords Sessional Papers 1801–1833 – Appendix to seventh Report of Commissioners of Woods, Forests & Land Revenue| url = http://books.google.com/?id=e9JbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA48| accessdate = 3 March 2013| volume = 270| year = 1830| publisher = [[Her Majesty's Stationery Office]]| page = 48 }}
* [http://www.kcl.ac.uk/newsevents/publications/comment.aspx ''Comment''] – quarterly newsletter.
* [http://www.kcl.ac.uk/aboutkings/facts/profile.aspx ''Profile''] – annual publication.
* [http://www.kcl.ac.uk/newsevents/publications/report.aspx ''Report''] – annual publication.
{{Refend}}
== Further reading ==
* {{cite book|title=The Centenary History of King's College, London, 1828–1928|author=[[F. J. C. Hearnshaw|Hearnshaw, F. J. C.]]|publisher=George G. Harrap & Co|year=1929}}
* Huelin, G. (1978) ''King's College London, 1828–1978''.
* Jones, C. K. (2004) ''King's College London: In the service of society''.
* {{cite book| last1 = Taylor| first1 = Claire| last2 = Williams| first2 = Gwyn| last3 = Kenyon-Jones| first3 = Christine| title = King's College London Contributions to biomedicine A continuing story| year = 2006| publisher = King's College London School of Medicine| isbn = 978-0955262005 }}
== External links ==
{{Sister project links |wikt=no |b=no |n=Category:King's College London |q=Category:King's College London|s=Category:King's College London |v=no |species=no |commons=Category:King's College London}}
* [http://www.kcl.ac.uk/ Official website]
* [http://www.kcl.ac.uk/virtualtour/intro.aspx Virtual Tour of King's College London]
* [http://www.senatehouselibrary.ac.uk/our-collections/historic-collections/archives-manuscripts/university-of-london-student-records-1836-1931/ King's College London lists of students who graduated over 80 years ago, 1836–]
* [http://www.senatehouselibrary.ac.uk/our-collections/historic-collections/archives-manuscripts/university-of-london-military-service-1914-1945/ King's College London military personnel, 1914–1918]
{{King's College London|state=expanded}}
{{Navboxes|list1=
{{King's College DNA}}
{{King's Health Partners}}
{{University of London}}
{{Francis Crick Institute}}
{{Russell Group}}
{{Universities and colleges in London}}
{{Universities in the United Kingdom}}
}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:King's College London| ]]
[[Category:1829 establishments in England]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1829]]
[[Category:Former theological colleges in England]]
[[Category:Grade I listed buildings in the City of Westminster]]
[[Category:Grade I listed educational buildings]]
[[Category:Russell Group]]
== Rujukan ==
| 