Gerhana matahari: Perbezaan antara semakan
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=== Anomali graviti ===
Terdapat sejarah yang panjang tentang pemerhatian fenomena graviti yang berkaitan semasa gerhana matahari, terutama sekitar waktu kepenuhan. Pada tahun 1954 dan sekali lagi pada tahun 1959, [[Maurice Allais]] melaporkan bahawa pemerhatiannya tentang pergerakan pelik/tidak dapat dijelaskan semasa gerhana matahari.<ref>{{Citation |first=Maurice |last=Allais |title=Should the Laws of Gravitation be Reconsidered? |journal=Aero/Space Engineering |volume=9 |pages=46–55 |year=1959 }}</ref> Fenomena ini kini dikenali sebagai [[Kesan Allais]]. Begitu juga, Saxl dan Allen pada tahun 1970 memerhatikan satu lagi perubahan secara tiba-tiba dalam gerakan bandul kilasan, dan fenomena ini dikenali sebagai kesan Saxl.<ref>{{Citation |first=Erwin J. |last=Saxl |lastauthoramp=yes |first2=Mildred |last2=Allen |title=1970 solar eclipse as 'seen' by a torsion pendulum |journal=[[Physical Review D]] |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=823–825 |year=1971 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.3.823 }}</ref>
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A recent published observation during the 1997 solar eclipse by Wang ''et al.'' suggested a possible gravitational shielding effect,<ref>{{Citation |first=Qian-shen|last= Wang|coauthors=Xin-she Yang, Chuan-zhen Wu, Hong-gang Guo, Hong-chen Liu, & Chang-chai Hua |title=Precise measurement of gravity variations during a total solar eclipse |journal=Physical Review D |volume=62 |issue=4 |page=041101(R) |year=2000 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.62.041101 }}</ref> though there is some serious debate. Later in 2002, Yang and Wang published the detailed data analysis suggested that the phenomenon still remains unexplained.<ref>{{Citation |first=X. S. |last=Yang |lastauthoramp=yes |first2=Q. S. |last2=Wang |title=Gravity anomaly during the Mohe total solar eclipse and new constraint on gravitational shielding parameter |journal=Astrophysics and Space Science |volume=282 |issue=1 |pages=245–253 |year=2002 |doi=10.1023/A:1021119023985 }}</ref> More studies are being planned by NASA and ESA over the next decade.▼
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=== Sebelum matahari terbit, selepas matahari terbenam ===
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The phenomenon of [[atmospheric refraction]] makes it possible to observe the Sun (and hence a solar eclipse) even when it is slightly below the horizon. It is, however, possible for a solar eclipse to attain totality (or in the event of a partial eclipse, near-totality) before (visual and actual) sunrise or after sunset from a particular location. When this occurs shortly before the former or after the latter, the sky will appear much darker than it would otherwise be immediately before sunrise or after sunset. On these occasions, an object (especially a [[planet]], often [[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]]) may be visible near the sunrise or sunset point of the horizon when it could not have been seen without the eclipse.<ref>{{cite web |author=D. Criner |title=Musings About Twilight |url=http://www.enginova.com/twilight.htm}}</ref>
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