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Dinasti Qin: Perbezaan antara semakan

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{{terjemahan}}▼
Berbeza dengan [[Dinasti Qing]], dinasti terakhir Empayar China.
 
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{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2013}}
{{Infobox former country
|native_name = {{big|{{nobold|秦朝}}}}
|conventional_long_name = Dinasti QinChin
|common_name = Dinasti QinChin
|national_motto =
|continent = Asia
|region = East Asia Timur
|era = Empayar China
|status = Empayar
Baris 20 ⟶ 17:
|s2 = Dinasti Han
|s3 = Nanyue
|event_start = [[Zaman PeperanganNegeri-negeri ChinaBerperang]]
|year_start = 221 SM
|event1 = Kemangkatan [[Qin Shi Huang|Shih Huang Ti]]
|date_event1 = 210 SM
|event2 = |date_event2 = |event3 = |date_event3 = |event4 = |date_event4 = |event5 = |date_event5 =
Baris 31 ⟶ 28:
|capital = [[Xian]]
|common_languages = [[Cina Lama]]/[[Siam]]
|religion = [[Agama rakyat Cina]]/[[Islam]]Hanif/[[Buddha]]/[[Konfusianisme]]
|currency = [[Syiling China kuno]]
|leader1 = [[Qin Shi Huang|Shih Huang Ti]]
|leader2 = [[Qin Er Shi|Er Shih Ti]]
|leader3 = [[Qin San Shi|San Shih Ti]]
|year_leader1 = 221 SM – 210 SM
|year_leader2 = 210 SM – 207 SM
|year_leader3 = 207 SM - 206 SM
|title_leader = Maharaja QinChin
|deputy1 = [[Li Si]]
|year_deputy1 = 221 BC – 208 BC
|title_deputy = Canselor Chin
|title_deputy = [[Grand councilor#List of chancellors of Qin dynasty since 251 BC|Chancellor]]
|deputy2 = [[Zhao Gao]]
|year_deputy2 = 208 BC – 207 BC
|title_deputy2= [[ChancellorCanselor of China|Chancellor]]Chin
|legislature =
|stat_year1 = 210 BCSM
|stat_area1 =
|stat_pop1 = 20,000,000
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{{infobox Chinese
|pic=Qin dynasty (Chinese characters).svg
|piccap="QinDinasti dynastyChin" inketika Qin-era [[sealChin script]](skrip lama) (topatas) anddan modern tulisan China moden (bottombawah) Chinese characters
|picsize=130px
|c=秦朝
Baris 69 ⟶ 68:
{{History of China|BC=1}}
 
The '''QinDinasti dynastyChin''' ({{zh|c={{linktext|秦|朝}}|w=Ch'in<sup>2</sup> Ch'ao<sup>2</sup>|p=Qín Cháo}}; {{IPA-cmn|tɕʰǐn tʂʰɑ̌ʊ̯|IPA}}) wasmerupakan thedinasti firstempayar [[Dynastiespertama indalam Chinese history|dynasty]] ofsejarah [[Imperial China]], lastingdan frommemerintah dari tahun 221 toSM hingga 206 BCSM. NamedDinamakan forsempena itsnama heartlandnegeri ofutamanya QinChin, inkini modern-daysebagai [[Gansu]] anddan [[Shaanxi]], thedinasti dynastyini wastelah formeddiasaskan after the conquest ofsemasa [[SevenZaman Warring States|six otherNegeri-negeri statesBerperang]] byoleh thenegeri [[QinChin state]],yang anddipimpin its founding emperor namedoleh [[Qin Shi Huang|Shih Huang Ti]], theMaharaja FirstChin Emperoryang of Qinpertama. TheKekuatan strengthnegeri ofChin thebertambah Qindengan statepembaharuan wasLegalisme greatly increased by theoleh [[LegalismShang (Chinese philosophy)|LegalistYang]] reformspada ofabad ke-4 SM semasa [[ShangZaman YangNegeri-negeri Berperang]]. inSewaktu thepertengahan fourthdan centuryakhir abad ke-3 BCSM, duringnegeri theChin [[Warringberjaya Statesmenguasai period]].keseluruhan InZhou thedan midbuat andkali latepertamanya thirdmengakhiri century[[Dinasti BC,Zhou]] theyang Qintidak accomplishedlagi aberkuasa seriesserta ofmenawan swiftenam conquests,daripada kesemua tujuh negeri firstyang endingberperang theuntuk powerlessmenguasai keseluruhan [[Zhou dynastyChina]], anddi eventuallysamping conqueringmengembalikan thesemula otherajaran sixHanif ofyang thetelah dirosakkan oleh agama [[Seven WarringBuddha]], States[[Konfusianisme]] todan gainagama controlrakyat over the whole of ChinaCina.
 
Sewaktu kekuasannya ke atas [[China]], Chin berusaha untuk membuat negeri empayar dengan kekuatan kuasa politik dan ekonomi yang stabil membolehkannya untuk menjadikan angkatan tentera yang besar.<ref name="Tanner">Tanner 2010, p. 85-89</ref> Pusat pentadbiran Chin berusaha mengurangkan peranan aristokrat dan pemilik tanah serta memiliki penguasaan terus terhadap rakyat yang mempunyai populasi terbanyak dan menguasai ke atas orang yang boleh membenarkan Chin masuk untuk menggunakan kuasa buruh yang besar. Ini membolehkan kerajaan untuk membuat projek yang besar seperti Tembok Besar China yang ketika itu dibina di sebelah utara kerajaan.
During its reign over China, the Qin sought to create an imperial state unified by highly structured political power and a stable economy able to support a large military.<ref name="Tanner">Tanner 2010, p. 85-89</ref> The Qin central government sought to minimize the role of aristocrats and landowners and have direct administrative control over the peasantry, who comprised the overwhelming majority of the population, and control over whom would grant the Qin access to a large labor force. This allowed for the construction of ambitious projects, such as a wall on the northern border, now known as the [[Great Wall of China]].
 
Dinasti Chin memperkenalkan beberapa pembaharuan seperti timbangan, jisim and ukuran telah distandardkan serta sebuah jenis tulisan telah digunakan. Sebuah cubaan untuk menghasilkan pemikiran kritikal dan memusnahkan semua kesan dinasti-dinasti lama berunsurkan agama selain Hanif membawa kepada pembakaran buku-buku agama lain seperti agama [[Konfusianisme]] ketika pemerintahan [[Qin Shi Huang|Shih Huang Ti]]. Tentera Chin juga moden daripada segi kegunaan senjata, kenderaan dan taktik untuk mengukuhkan kerajaan.
The Qin dynasty introduced several reforms: currency, weights and measures were standardized, and a uniform system of writing was established. An attempt to restrict criticism and purge all traces of old dynasties led to the infamous [[burning of books and burying of scholars]] incident, which has been criticized greatly by subsequent scholars. The Qin's military was also revolutionary in that it used the most recently developed weaponry, transportation, and tactics, though the government was heavy-handed and bureaucratic.
 
Walaupun angkatan tentera agak kuat, Dinasti Chin tidak bertahan lama. Selepas Maharaja pertama mangkat pada 210 SM, anakanda baginda menjadi Maharaja Chin dengan nama [[Qin Er Shi|Er Shih Ti]] yang dibantu oleh Canselor [[Li Si]]. Rakyat beragama [[Buddha]] dan [[Konfusianisme]] mula menentang pemerintah yang beragama Hanif. Pada tahun 208 SM, [[Zhao Gao]] telah menjadi Canselor dan Maharaja Chin digantikan oleh [[Qin San Shi|San Shih Ti]] pada 207 SM pula. Kematian [[Zhao Gao]] pada 207 SM mengakibatkan empayar menjadi lemah dan akhirnya jatuh ke tangan negeri Chu yang dipimpin oleh [[Liu Bang]].
Despite its military strength, the Qin dynasty did not last long. When the first emperor died in 210 BC, his son was placed on the throne by two of the previous emperor's advisers, in an attempt to influence and control the administration of the entire dynasty through him. The advisors squabbled among themselves, however, which resulted in both their deaths and that of the second Qin emperor. Popular revolt broke out a few years later, and the weakened empire soon fell to a [[Chu (state)|Chu]] lieutenant, who went on to found the [[Han dynasty]]. Despite its rapid end, the Qin dynasty influenced future Chinese empires, particularly the Han, and the [[China#Etymology|European name]] for China is thought to be derived from it.
 
==HistorySejarah==
▲{{terjemahan}}
{{see also|Qin (state)}}
 
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{{chart |border=1| | | | | QQQ |QQQ=''See: [[Family tree of ancient Chinese emperors#Qin|family tree of<br /> the Kings of Qin]]''}}
{{chart |border=1| | | | | |!}}
{{chart |border=1| | | | |Qin |Qin=<small>Zheng 政 259–210 BC<br />{{nowrap|King of Qin 秦王 247–221 BC}}</small><br />'''[[Qin Shi Huang|Shih Huang Ti]] 秦始皇'''<br />221–210 BC|boxstyle_Qin=border-width:2px}}
{{chart |border=1| |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|.| }}
{{chart |border=1|s1 | | | | | |s18 |s1=<small>1|boxstyle_s1=border-width:0px|s18=<small>18 or 25 (disputed)|boxstyle_s18=border-width:0px}}
{{chart |border=1| Fus | | | | | |Erq |Fus=[[Fusu]] 扶蘇<br /><small>d. 210 BC|Erq=<small>{{nowrap|Huhai 胡亥 229–207 BC}}</small><br />'''[[Qin Er Shi|Er Shih Ti]] 秦二世'''<br />210–207 BC|boxstyle_Erq=border-width:2px}}
{{chart |border=1| |!}}
{{chart |border=1|Ziy |Ziy=<small>Ziying 子嬰 d. 206 BC</small><br />{{nowrap|'''Ziying/[[Ziying|Qin San Shi|San Shih Ti]] 秦三世'''}}<br />207 BC|boxstyle_Ziy=border-width:2px}}
{{chart/end}}
{{chart bottom}}
 
==See also==
* [[Chinese sovereign]]
* [[Emperor of China]]
* [[Hata clan]]
* [[The Legend of Qin (disambiguation)|The Legend of Qin]]
 
==Notes==
Baris 275 ⟶ 269:
 
{{S-start}}
{{s-bef|before=[[ZhouDinasti dynastyZhou]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[DynastiesDinasti in Chinese historyQin]]|years=221–206 BCSM}}
{{s-aft|after=[[HanDinasti dynastyHan]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{Qin dynasty topics}}
{{Empires}}
 
[[CategoryKategori:Qin dynasty|Dinasti 01Chin]]
[[Category:Dynasties in Chinese history]]
[[Category:Iron Age Asia]]
[[Category:Former countries in East Asia]]
[[Category:States and territories established in the 3rd century BC]]
[[Category:221 BC]]
[[Category:220s BC establishments]]
[[Category:220s BC establishments in Asia]]
[[Category:3rd-century BC disestablishments in Asia]]
[[Category:1st-millennium BC disestablishments in China]]
Diambil daripada "https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinasti_Qin"