Liu Xiaobo: Perbezaan antara semakan

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{{About|aktivis hak asasi manusia|pelawan taekwondo|Liu Xiaobo (taekwondo)}}
{{Chinese name|[[Liu|Liu (劉/刘)]]}}
{{Infobox Personperson
| name = Liu Xiaobo <br />刘晓波
|image native_name = 刘晓波
| native_name_lang = zh
|caption =
| image =
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1955|12|28}}
| image_size = 175px
|birth_place = [[Changchun]], [[Jilin]], [[Republik Rakyat China|China]]
| caption =
|death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age|1955|12|28|2017|07|14}} -->
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1955|12|28}}
|death_place = [[Republik Rakyat China|China]]
| birth_place = [[Changchun]], [[Jilin]], [[Republik Rakyat China|China]]
|other_names =
| death_date = <!-- = {{Deathdeath date and age|1955df=y|122017|287|201713|071955|1412|28}} -->
|occupation = Penulis, pengulas politik, aktivis hak asasi manusia
|awards death_place = {{awd|[[HadiahShenyang]], Keamanan Nobel[[Liaoning]]|2010}}, China
| nationality = ChIna
|alma_mater = [[Universiti Jilin]]<br />[[Beijing Normal University]]
|spouse awards = Liu[[Hadiah Keamanan XiaNobel]]
| spouse = Tao Li (bekas isteri)<br/>{{marriage|Liu Xia<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/news/2017/07/statement_by_ministerofforeignaffairsfollowingdeathofliuxiaobo.html|title=Statement by Minister of Foreign Affairs following death of Liu Xiaobo|date=July 13, 2017|first=Chrystia|last=Freeland|publisher=Global Affairs Canada}}</ref>|1996|2017|end=kematiannya}}
|nationality = [[Republik Rakyat China|China]]
| occupation = Penulis, pengulas politik, aktivis hak asasi manusia
|alma_mater education = [[Universiti Jilin]] University<br />[[Beijing Normal University]]
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
|s={{linktext|刘|晓|波}}
|t={{linktext|劉|曉|波}}
|p=Liú Xiǎobō
|mi={{IPAc-cmn|l|iu|2|-|x|iao|3|.|b|o|1}}
|order=st
}}
{{Chinese|s=[[wikt:刘|刘]][[wikt:晓|晓]][[wikt:波|波]]|t=[[wikt:劉|劉]][[wikt:曉|曉]][[wikt:波|波]]|p=Liú Xiǎobō|order=st}}
 
'''Liu Xiaobo''' ({{zh|s=刘晓波|p=Liú Xiǎobō}}; 28 Disember 1955 – 13 Julai 2017) ialah seorang pengkritik sastera, penulis dan aktivis [[hak asasi manusia]] Cina di [[Republik Rakyat China|China]] dan pemenang [[Hadiah Keamanan Nobel]] 2010. Beliau dipenjarakan sebagai tahanan politik di Jinzhou, [[Liaoning]].<ref>Frances Romero, [http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2024558_2024522_2024490,00.html Top 10 Political Prisoners], ''Time'', 15 November 2010.</ref><ref>Mark McDonald, [http://rendezvous.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/07/23/an-inside-look-at-chinas-most-famous-political-prisoner/ An inside look at China's most famous political prisoner], ''[[The New York Times]]'', 23 July 2012.</ref><ref>Congressional-Executive Commission on China, [http://ppd.cecc.gov/QueryResultsDetail.aspx?PrisonerNum=3114 Political Prisoner Database:Liu Xiaobo]</ref> Pada 26 Jun 2017, beliau didiagnosis kanser hati terminal dan beliau meninggal dunia di hospital pada 13 Julai 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-40403416|title=Liu Xiaobo: Jailed Chinese dissident has terminal cancer|publisher=BBC News|date=26 June 2017}}</ref>
'''Liu Xiaobo''' (<small>sebutan: </small>{{IPAc-cmn|l|iu|2|-|x|iao|3|b|o|1}}; lahir pada 28 Disember 1955) adalah seorang pengkritik sastera, penulis dan aktivis [[hak asasi manusia]] Cina di [[Republik Rakyat China|China]] dan pemenang [[Hadiah Keamanan Nobel]] 2010. Dia kini dalam penjara sebgai seorang [[tahanan politik]] di Republik Rakyat China.
 
Beliau berkhidmat sebagai Presiden ''Independent Chinese [[International PEN|PEN]] Center'' sejak 2003. Pada 8 Disember 2008, Liu ditahan kerana penyertaannya dengan manifesto [[Charter 08]]. Beliau secara rasmi ditangkap pada 23 Jun 2009, dengan disyaki "[[menghasut subversi terhadap kuasa negara]]."<ref>Benjamin Kang Lim, [http://www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUSTRE55N0F020090624 China's top dissident arrested for subversion], Reuters, 24 Jun 2009.</ref>
<ref>[http://cn.chinareviewnews.com/doc/1010/0/3/6/101003632.html?coluid=0&kindid=0&docid=101003632 刘晓波因涉嫌煽动颠覆国家政权罪被依法逮捕]" (Liu Xiaobo Formally Arrested on 'Suspicion of Inciting Subversion of State Power' Charges), China Review News, 24 Jun 2009.</ref>
Beliau kemudiannya dibicarakan di atas dakwaan yang sama pada 23 Disember 2009, dan dihukum penjara sebelas tahun dan perlucutan dua tahun hak politik pada 25 Disember 2009.
 
Semasa di penjara, beliau telah diisytiharkan sebagai pemenang [[Hadiah Keamanan Nobel]] 2010 pada 8 Oktober 2010 untuk "perjuangan tanpa kekerasan dan lama untuk hak asasi manusia di China."<ref name="nobel-announcement">{{Citation |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2010/announcement.html |title=The Nobel Peace Prize 2010 - Prize Announcement |date=8 Oktober 2010 |publisher=Nobel Prize}}</ref><ref name="rthk-nobel">{{Citation |url=http://www.rthk.org.hk/rthk/news/expressnews/20101008/news_20101008_55_703618.htm |title=劉曉波獲諾貝爾和平獎 (Liu Xiaobo won the Nobel Peace Prize) |date=8 Ockober 2010 |work=[[RTHK]]}}</ref> Beliau merupakan [[orang Cina|warganegara China]] pertama dianugerahkan Hadiah Nobel yang menetap di China.<ref>{{cite news |author=Julia Lovell |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/julia-lovell-beijing-values-the-nobels-thats-why-this-hurts-2101812.html |title=Beijing values the Nobels. That's why this hurts |date=9 Oktober 2010 |work=The Independent |location=UK |publisher=Independent Print Limited |accessdate=9 Oktober 2010}}</ref> DiaBeliau merupakan orang ketiga diberikan Hadiah Keamanan Nobel ketika dalam penjara atau tahanan, selepas [[Carl von Ossietzky]] di Jerman (1935) dan [[Aung San Suu Kyi]] di Myanmar (1991). Liu merupakan orang pertama tidak mempunyai seorang wakil pun untuk menerima hadiah Nobel tersebut pada 10 Disember.<ref name=20101210-jonhenley>Henley, Jon (10 Disember 2010) [http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/dec/10/nobel-peace-prize-liu-xiaobo1 "A chair and a photo stand in for Liu Xiaobo at Nobel peace prize ceremony"], ''The Guardian'' (UK)</ref><ref name=20101210BBC-farce>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-11974187 "China anger at 'farce' of Liu Xiaobo Nobel Peace Prize"], BBC News, 10 Disember 2010</ref>
 
== Meninggal dunia ==
Liu Xiaobo meninggal dunia pada 13 Julai 2017 di Hospital Universit Perubatan China Pertama Shenyang.<ref>{{cite web|title=Liu Xiaobo Died After Ineffective Rescue Measures|url=http://www.cmu1h.com/default/content/index/i/2083|website=The First Hospital of China Medical University|accessdate=13 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="nytdeath">{{cite web|last1=Buckley|first1=Chris|title=Liu Xiaobo, Chinese Dissident Who Won Nobel While Jailed, Dies at 61|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/13/world/asia/liu-xiaobo-dead.html|website=New York Times|accessdate=13 July 2017}}</ref> BBC menyatakan bahawa beliau adalah "hak asasi manusia dan pendokong demokrasi China yang paling menonjol."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-40597514|title=Liu Xiaobo: China's most prominent dissident dies|date=13 July 2017|publisher=|via=www.bbc.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/13/world/asia/liu-xiaobo-chinese-dissident-nobel-dies-at-61.html|title=Liu Xiaobo, Chinese Dissident Who Won Nobel While Jailed, Dies at 61|first=Chris|last=Buckley|date=13 July 2017|publisher=|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref> Jerman, UK, Perancis, Amerika Syarikat, Taiwan dan Pesuruhjaya Tinggi Hak Asasi Manusia PBB, Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein, menggesa Republik Rakyat China untuk membenarkan isteri Liu Xiaobo, Liu Xia untuk mengembara dan meninggalkan negara itu jika beliau mahu.<ref name="bbc.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-40603059|title=Liu Xiaobo: China rejects foreign criticism over dissident's death|date=14 July 2017|publisher=|via=www.bbc.com}}</ref>
 
Pada pagi 15 Julai 2017, mayat Liu dibakar mengikut kehendak ahli keluarga dan adat istiadat setempat diikuti dengan penghormatan terakhir.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jul/15/liu-xiaobo-cremated-in-shenyang-amid-growing-fears-for-safety-of-his-wife|title=Liu Xiaobo cremated in 'private ceremony', amid fears for wife's safety|publisher=The Guardian|date=15 July 2017}}</ref>
 
== Lihat juga ==
* [[Hak asasi manusia di Republik Rakyat China]]
* [[Senarai penentang China]]
* [[Penyangkalan politik]]
* [[Gerakan Weiquan]]
 
== Rujukan ==
Baris 38 ⟶ 46:
 
== Pautan luar ==
{{commonscatWikiquote}}
{{Commons category|Liu Xiaobo}}
* [http://www.freedom-now.org/campaign/liu-xiaobo/ Freedom Now (International Lawyers Representing Liu Xiaobo)]
* [http://liuxiaobowww.euhrichina.org/ Freepublic/contents/172713 Liu Xiaobo's 2009 criminal now!verdict]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120127203701/http://www.hrichina.org/crf/article/3197 "The Communist Party of China’s Dictatorial Patriotism"]
* {{zh icon}} [http://www.boxun.com/hero/liuxb/ Writings by Liu Xiaobo]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120127224214/http://www.hrichina.org/crf/article/3199 "Can It Be that the Chinese People Deserve Only Party-Led Democracy?"]
* [http://www.tsquare.tv/film/charac.01.html#LXB English language articles and interviews]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120127213705/http://www.hrichina.org/crf/article/3200 "Changing the Regime by Changing Society"]
* [http://www.tsquare.tv/film/xiaobo.php#2 Film Excerpts of Liu Xiaobo] from ''[[The Gate of Heavenly Peace]]''
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120127235425/http://www.hrichina.org/crf/article/3202 The Negative Effects of the Rise of Dictatorship on World Democratization"]
* {{YouTube|2QJGuPOMPvE|Interview with Liu Xiaobo (English and Chinese) by PEN American Center}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120127211142/http://www.hrichina.org/crf/article/3201 "Further Questions about Child Slavery in China's Kilns"]
* [http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22704 The Poet in an Unknown Prison] letter by Liu from ''[[The New York Review of Books]]''
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120127192616/http://www.hrichina.org/crf/article/3203 ''Charter 08'']
* {{YouTube|2_pcpak05F8|September 30, 2009, floor debate in U.S. Congress on the Liu Xiaobo resolution}}
* [http://www.hrichina.org/public/contents/172713 Unofficial English translation of Liu Xiaobo's 2009 criminal verdict] | {{zh icon}} [http://www.hrichina.org/public/PDFs/PressReleases/2009.12.30-LXB-verdict.pdf PDF Liu Xiaobo's 2009 criminal verdict]
* [http://www.hrichina.org/public/PDFs/CRF.4.2007/CRF-2007-4_Slavery.pdf "Further Questions about Child Slavery in China's Kilns"] ([http://www.renyurenquan.org/ryrq_article.adp?article_id=691 对黑窑童奴案的继续追问]), English translation of one of the articles cited by the Chinese court supporting Liu Xiaobo's subversion conviction
 
{{s-start}}
{{s-ach}}
{{s-bef |before = [[Barack Obama]]}}
{{s-ttl |title = [[Hadiah Keamanan Nobel|Penerima Hadiah Keamanan Nobel]] |years = 2010}}
{{s-aft |after = [[Ellen Johnson Sirleaf]]<br />Leymah Gbowee<br />[[Tawakel Karman]]}}
{{s-inc|recent}}
{{s-end}}
 
<!--{{Nobel Peace Prize Laureates 2001-2025}}
{{2010 Nobel Prize winners}}
{{Nobel Peace}} -->
<!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] -->
{{Persondata
Baris 67 ⟶ 70:
|DATE OF BIRTH= 1955-12-28
|PLACE OF BIRTH= [[Changchun]], [[Jilin]], [[China]]
|DATE OF DEATH= 2017-07-13
|PLACE OF DEATH= [[Shenyang]], [[Liaoning]], [[China]]
}}
 
{{Kawalan kewibawaan}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Liu, Xiaobo}}
[[Kategori:Kelahiran 1955]]
[[Kategori:Penandatangan Charter 08]]
[[Kategori:Aktivis demokrasi China]]
[[Kategori:Aktivis hak asasi manusia China]]
[[Kategori:Penulis China]]
[[Kategori:Orang dari Jilin]]
[[Kategori:Banduan dan tahanan Republik Rakyat China]]
[[Kategori:Orang mati]]
[[Kategori:Kematian 2017]]