John Adams: Perbezaan antara semakan

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He was defeated for re-election in the "Revolution of 1800" by [[Thomas Jefferson]]. Adams was a sponsor of the [[American Revolution]] in [[Massachusetts]], and a diplomat in the 1770s. He was a driving force for independence in 1776; in fact, the "Colossus of Independence," in Jefferson's understanding. As a statesman and author Adams helped define a set of [[republicanism|republican ideals]] that became the core of America's political value system: the rejection of hereditary monarchy in favor of rule by the people, hatred of corruption, and devotion to civic duty. As President he was frustrated by battles inside his own [[United States Federalist Party|Federalist]] party against a faction led by [[Alexander Hamilton]], but he broke with them to avert a major conflict with France in 1798, during the [[Quasi-War]] crisis. He became the founder of an important family of politicians, diplomats and historians, and [[Historical rankings of United States Presidents|in recent years his reputation has been rising.]] Historian Robert Rutland concluded, ''"[[James Madison|Madison]] was the great intellectual ... [[Thomas Jefferson|Jefferson]] the ... unquenchable idealist, and [[Benjamin Franklin|Franklin]] the most charming and versatile genius... but Adams is the most captivating founding father on most counts."''<ref>Ellis, p. 230.</ref>