David Livingstone: Perbezaan antara semakan

''' David Livingstone''' (11 Mac 1813 – 1 Mei 1873) ialah seorang pelopor [[mubaligh]] perubatan bangsa [[Scotland|Scot]] yang berkhidmat dengan [[Persatuan Mubaligh London]] (''London Missionary Society'') dan seorang [[Senarai penjelajah|penjelajah]] di [[Afrika]]. Pertemuan beliau dengan [[Henry Morton Stanley|H M Stanley]] pada 10 November 1871 menghasilakn petikan popular, ''"Dr Livingstone, I presume?"'' (harfiah, "Dr Livingstone, saya agak?").

Kemasyhuran beliau sebagai seorang penjelajah mendorong pencarian punca [[Sungai Nil]] yang membentuk kemuncak zaman klasik penjelajahan orang Eropah dan penembusan kolonial benua Afrika. Pada masa yang sama perjalanan mubaligh, "kehilangan" dan kematian beliau di Afrika dan pengagungan sebagai wira kebangsaan [[Great Britain]] yang menyusul pada tahun 1874 selepas kematian beliau membawa kepada penubuhan inisiatif-inisiatif misi mubaligh Kristian Afrika Tengah yang berterusan dalam era "[[Perebutan Afrika]]".<ref name="Mackenzie">John M. Mackenzie, "David Livingstone: The Construction of the Myth," in ''Sermons and Battle Hymns: Protestant Popular Culture in Modern Scotland'', ed. Graham Walker and Tom Gallagher (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1990).</ref>

== Nota ==

* {{Cite book | first = Tim | last = Jeal | authorlink = Tim Jeal | title = Livingstone | year = 1973 | pages = 427p | publisher = [[Heinemann (book publisher)|Heinemann]] | location = London | isbn = 0-434-37208-0 }}

* [http://livingstone.library.ucla.edu/ Livingstone Spectral Imaging Project]. Many of Livingstone's original papers spectrally imaged.

* [http://www.livingstoneonline.ucl.ac.uk/index.html Livingstone Online – Explore the manuscripts of David Livingstone] Images of original documents alongside transcribed, critically edited versions

* [http://ssa.nls.uk/film.cfm?fid=0192 David Livingstone (c. 1956)]. Archive film from the National Library of Scotland: Scottish Screen Archive

* {{gutenberg author| id=David+Livingstone | name=David Livingstone}} (plain text and HTML)

** ''[http://www.gutenberg.net/etext/1039 Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa]''

** ''[http://www.gutenberg.net/etext/2519 A Popular Account of Dr Livingstone's Expedition to the Zambesi and its Tributaries]''

** ''[http://www.gutenberg.net/etext/13262 The Personal Life of David Livingstone]''

* [http://www.tokencoins.com/book/livingstone.htm A Brief Biography of David Livingstone]

* [http://www.wholesomewords.org/missions/ilivingstone.html David Livingstone biographies]

* {{Cite journal|publisher=Macmillan & Co.|pages=225–236|year=1892|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=0CMYAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA225 | title = Dr. Livingston (obituary, Wed., 28 Jan. 1874) | work=Eminent persons: Biographies reprinted from the Times. Vol. 1–6. D. Vol I, 1870–1875 |postscript=<!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}} }}