|
'''Rusa kutub''' (''Rangifer tarandus''), juga dikenali sebagai '''kariboukaribu''' (''caribou'') di [[Amerika Utara]], adalah [[spesies]] [[rusa]] bertaburan keliling kutub (''circumpolar'') yang hidup di kawasan-kawasan [[Artik]], subartik, [[tundra]], [[Taiga|boreal]], dan pergunungan di Eropah Utara, Siberia, dan Amerika Utara; termasuk populasi menetap dan yang menghijrah. Saiz kawana ''Rangifer'' sangat berbeza bergantung kepada kawasan geografinya. Kawanan rusa kutub tundra Taimyr (''R. t. sibiricus'') di Rusia ialah kawanan rusa kutub liar terbesar di dunia,<ref name="NOAA2013">{{Cite journal|last=Russell|first=D.E.|last2=Gunn|first2=A.|date=20 November 2013|title=Migratory Tundra Rangifer}}</ref> dengan bilanganantara 400,000 dan 1,000,000 ekor. Kwana yang kedua terbesar ialah kawanan karibu hutan jarang (''R. t. caribou'') di Sungai George, Kanada, dengan julat bilangan antara 28,000 dan 385,000 ekor. Malangnya, bilangan rusa tersebut telah menurun kepada lebih sedikit daripada 9,000 ekor sejak Januari 2018 [mengikut suatu laporan berita.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tradition 'snatched away': Labrador Inuit struggle with caribou hunting ban|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/george-river-caribou-ban-5-years-1.4506775|accessdate=21 Februari mengikut2018|work=CBC suatuNews|date=29 laporanJanuari berita].2018|language=en}}</ref>
== Subspesies ==
Buku ''[[Mammal Species of the World]]'' (edisi ke-3) mengiktiraf 14 subspesies rusa kutub, di mana 2 daripadanya telah pupus.
Buku ''[[Mammal Species of the World]]'' (edisi ke-3) mengiktiraf 14 subspesies rusa kutub, di mana 2 daripadanya telah pupus.<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="en"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="Converts measurements to other units.">Convert</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="1" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">value</span><span data-key="1" title="the value to convert" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="1" style="position: relative;">150</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="2" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">from unit</span><span data-key="2" title="the unit for the provided 'value'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="2" style="position: relative;">-</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="3" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">to units</span><span data-key="3" title="the unit to convert into" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="3" style="position: relative;">250</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="4" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">precision or suffix</span><span data-key="4" title="significant digits after decimal dot or, if negative, exponent of ten" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="4" style="position: relative;">kg</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="abbr" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">abbreviation</span><span data-key="abbr" title="display for the units: “on” unit symbols, “off” all unit names in full words, “in” input unit symbol, “out” abbreviated output units, “unit” both input and output units abbreviated when using scientific notation, “values” no units at all" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="abbr" style="position: relative;">on</div></div></div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="en"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="Converts measurements to other units.">Convert</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="1" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">value</span><span data-key="1" title="the value to convert" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="1" style="position: relative;">150</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="2" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">from unit</span><span data-key="2" title="the unit for the provided 'value'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="2" style="position: relative;">kg</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="abbr" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">abbreviation</span><span data-key="abbr" title="display for the units: “on” unit symbols, “off” all unit names in full words, “in” input unit symbol, “out” abbreviated output units, “unit” both input and output units abbreviated when using scientific notation, “values” no units at all" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="abbr" style="position: relative;">on</div></div></div></div>
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-bottom: 82px;"
|+ subspesies ''Rangifer tarandus''
|
|-
| ''R. t. caribou'' (Gmelin, 1788)
|karibu hutang jarang, (termasuk jenis menghijrah)
|menetap<ref group="Notes">The George River and Leaf River caribou herds are classified as woodland but are also migratory with tundra as their primary range</ref>
|hutan boreal (keutaraan)
|selatan Kanada dan barat laut tanah besar Amerika Syarikat<ref name="HBW">Mattioli, S. (2011). Caribou (''Rangifer tarandus''). pp. 431–432 indalam: ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handbook_of_the_Mammals_of_the_World{{cite book|title=Handbook of the Mammals of the World]'', vol. |volume=2. |publisher|Lynx Edicions, |place=Barcelona. {{|ISBN|=978-84-96553-77-4}}</ref>
|terbesar
|-
| ''R. t. granti''
|karibu Grant
|berhijrah
|
|-
| ''R. t. fennicus'' (Lönnberg, 1909)
|Rusarusa kutub hutan Finland
|hutan jarang<br>
|barat laut Rusia dan [[Finland]]
|{{Convert|150|kg|abbr=on}}
|-
| ''R. tarandus osborni''** (J. A. Allen, 1902)
|karibu Osborn
| [[British Columbia]], Kanada
|tiada data
|
|
|-
| ''R. t. pearsoni'' (Lydekker, 1903)
|Rusa kutub Novaya Zemlya
| subspesies pulau yang bergerak setempat
|[[Novaya Zemlya]], Rusia
|tiada data
|
|-
| ''R. t. pearyi'' (J. A. Allen, 1902)
|karibu Peary
|subspesies pulau yang bergerak setempat
|subspesies terkecil di Amerika Utara
|-
| ''R. t. phylarchus'' (Hollister, 1912)
| Rusarusa kutub Kamchatka
|hutan jarang
|[[Semenanjung Kamchatka|Kamchatka Peninsula]] dan kawasan yang bersempadanan dengan [[Laut Okhotsk]], Rusia
|tiada data
|
|-
| ''R. t. platyrhynchus'' (Vrolik, 1829)
|Rusarusa kutub Svalbard
| subspesies pulau yang bergerak setempat
|Kepulauan [[Svalbard]] [[Norway]]
|subspesies terkecil
|
|-
| ''R. t. sibiricus'' (Murray, 1866)
| Rusarusa kutub tundra Siberia
|[[Siberia]], Rusia
|tiada data
|-
| ''R. t. tarandus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) – caribou
|Karibukaribu / rusa kutub gunung
|tundra atau kawasan pergunungan
|Tundra Artik semenanjung Fennoscandia, [[Norway]]
|-
| ''R. t. valentinae''**
|Rusarusa kutub hutan
| [[Pergunungan Ural]], Rusia, dan Pergunungan Altai, Mongolia
|tiada data
|-
| ''R. t. eogroenlandicus''
|Rusarusa kutub Artik
| pupus
| tiada
| 