Wikipedia

Luncur ais berbunga: Perbezaan antara semakan

Layar sejarah secara interaktif
← Suntingan sebelumnyaSuntingan berikutnya →
Kandungan dihapus Kandungan ditambah
VisualWikiteks
Tiada ringkasan suntingan
Penambahan segmen baru
Baris 2:
'''Luncur ais berbunga''' ({{lang-en|figure skating}})<ref>{{cite web|url=http://prpm.dbp.gov.my/Cari1?keyword=figure+skating&d=205708&|title='figure skating' — Maklumat Kata|website=Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu|publisher=Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka|accessdate=23 Februari 2018}}</ref> adalah suatu sukan di mana seseorang individu atau sebuah kumpulan membuat persembahan sembil meluncur atas ais dengan menggunakan [[kasut luncur]] khas. Ia merupakan sukan musim sejuk pertama yang dimasukkan dalam [[sukan Olimpik]] pada tahun 1908.<ref name="AFS20142"><cite class="citation web">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140129014622/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/figure-skating-about "About Figure Skating"]. Sochi2014.com. Archived from [http://www.sochi2014.com/en/figure-skating-about the original] on 29 January 2014.</ref> Displin-displin yang ada dalam sukan ini pada peringkat Olimpik ialah perseorangan lelaki, perseorangan wanita, pasangan, dan luncur ais tari.
 
Para peluncur bersaing di beberapa peringkat dari tahap permulaan sampailah ke tahap Olimpik (senior) di peringkat tempatan, wilayah, negara dan antarabangsa. Kesatuan Peluncur Antarabangsa (''International Skating Union'', ISU) mengatur semua pertandingan dan penghakiman sukan ini pada peringkat antarabangsa, termasuklah [[Sukan Olimpik Musim Sejuk]], [[:en:World Figure Skating Championships|Kejuaraan Dunia]], [[:en:World Junior Figure Skating Championships|Kejuaraan Junior Sedunia]], [[:en:European Figure Skating Championships|Kejuaraan Eropah]], [[:en:Four Continents Figure Skating Championships|Kejuaraan Empat Benua]], siri Grand Prix (peringkat [[:en:ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating|senior]] dan [[:en:ISU Junior Grand Prix|junior]]), dan [[:en:ISU Challenger Series|Siri ''Challenger'' ISU]].
 
Sukan itu juga berkaitan dengan seni pertunjukan. Pertandingan yang utama biasanya tamat dengan gala pertunjukan di mana peluncur-peluncur dari setiap disiplin melakukan persembahan yang tidak kompetitif. Kebanyakan peluncur ini turut terlibat dalam persembahan luncur ais yang berlangsung sewaktu dan selepas musim pertandingan, baik semasa mereka aktif mahupun bersara dari kerjaya sukan mereka.
Baris 11:
 
== Gelanggang dan peralatan ==
Kesatuan Peluncur Antarabangsa memilih gelanggang bersaiz piawaian Olimpik (30 m × 60 m) untuk tujuan pertandingan, terutamanya acara utama. mengikut peraturan ISU nombor 342: "sekiranya boleh, [gelanggang luncur hendaklah] berukuran enam puluh (60) meter dalam satu arah dan tiga puluh (30) meter di satu arah lain, tetapi tidak lebih, dan tidak kurang daripada lima puluh enam (56) meter dalam satu arah dan dua puluh enam (26) meter pada satu arah yang lain."<ref name="isuSFTR2"><{{cite classweb|archiveurl="citation web">[https://web.archive.org/web/20131029201118/http://www.isu.org/vsite/vfile/page/fileurl/0%2C11040%2C4844-206192-223415-177357-0-file%2C00.pdf "|title=Special Regulations & Technical Rules: Single & Pair Skating and Ice Dance 2012"] <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>.|publisher=Kesatuan InternationalPeluncur Skating Union. JuneAntarabangsa|date=Jun 2012. Archived from [|url=http://www.isu.org/vsite/vfile/page/fileurl/0,11040,4844-206192-223415-177357-0-file,00.pdf the original] <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> pada |archivedate=29 Oktober 2013.}}</ref> Sistem skor memberi ganjaran kepada peluncur yang meliputi seluruh permukaan ais gelanggang dalam program mereka. Gelanggang saiz Olimpik mampu menunjukan perbezaan antara peluncur yang lebih berkemahiran namun tempat sebegini tidak sedia ada di semua tempat. Sekiranya sesebuah gelanggang itu mempunyai dimensi yang berbeza, persediaan dan kelajuan lomoatan peluncur barangkali boleh terhalang ketika peluncur tersebut menyesuaikan diri.<ref name="AP1110222"><{{cite classnews|url="citation news">[http://espn.go.com/olympics/figureskating/story/_/id/7133485/michal-brezina-ahead-skate-america-short-program "|title=Michal Brezina leads Skate America"]. ''|publisher=[[The Associated Press]]''. |via=[[ESPN]]. |accessdate=22 Oktober 2011.}}</ref><ref name="IN1310072"><{{cite classnews|last1="citation news">Berlot, |first12=Jean-Christophe (Christoph|date=7 OctoberOktober 2013). [|url=http://www.icenetwork.com/news/2013/10/07/62551376/french-skaters-debut-programs-in-orl233ans "|title=French skaters debut programs in Orléans"]. ''[[|website=IceNetwork.com]]''}}.</ref>
 
Kualiti ais luncuran diadili berdasarkan ciri-ciri kelancaran, geseran, kekerasan, dan kerapuhan.<ref name="WMQI11052"><cite class="citation web">{{last1=Theiler|first1=Jeff|last2=Kurko|first2=Sara|date=Mei 2011|url=http://www.usfsa.org/content/What%20Makes%20Quality%20Ice.pdf|title="What makes quality ice?"|work=Skating Magazine|page=46–47}}</ref> Faktor yang mempengaruhi kualiti sebegini termasuk suhu, kualiti air, dan kadar penggunaan, di mana gelanggang akan lebih rosak jika menggunakan bahagian kasut yang salah. Suhu gelanggang biasanya ditetapkan secara optimumnya pada 24 °F (-4 °C).<ref name="WMQI11052" /> Ais yang bermutu tidak seberapa boleh mempengaruhi prestasi para peluncur.<ref name="GS120328ps3"><cite class="citation news">Kondakova, Anna (28 March 2012). [http://www.goldenskate.com/2012/03/savchenko-and-szolkowy-land-throw-triple-axel-lead-pairs-in-nice/ "Savchenko and Szolkowy land throw triple Axel; lead pairs in Nice"]. ''Golden Skate''.</ref>
 
== Displin ==
 
=== Peringkat Olimpik ===
Sukan ini dalam peringkat Olimpik terdiri daripada displin berikut:<ref name=olympic>{{cite web|title=Figure skating at Olympic.org|url=http://www.olympic.org/uk/sports/programme/disciplines_uk.asp?DiscCode=FS|website=Jawatankuasa Olimpik Antarabangsa|accessdate=4 September 2006|language=en}}</ref>
* '''Perseorangan''' - untuk lelaki dan wanita di dalamnya peluncur individu melakukan lompatan, putaran, urutan langkah (''step sequence''), lingkaran (''spiral'') serta unsur-unsur lain.
*'''Berpasangan''' - terdiri daripada seorang lelaki dan seorang wanita sepasukan melakukan unsur yang khusus kepada displin seoerti lompatan baling (''throw jump'' , di mana peluncur wanita melompat dari pegangan tinggi peluncur lelaki; putaran berpasangan (''pair spin''), ''death spiral'' serta unsur-unsur lain bersama-sama.
*'''Tarian (''ice dancing'')''' - pasukan berpasangan lain jantina seperti di atas, di mana pasangan tersebut menari rapat seiring dengan muzik. Peluncur diangkat tidak melebihi paras bahu manakala "balingan" dan lompatan tidak dibenarkan.
 
=== Displin-displin lain ===
* '''Luncur ais segerak (''synchronized skating'')''' - untuk pasukan yang terdiri daripada 12 hingga 20 orang peluncur campur jantina.
* '''Luncur air berempat (''fours'')''' - untuk pasukan terdiri daripada 2 peluncur lelaki dan 2 peluncur perempuan menggabungkan unsur-unsur displin perseorangan dan berpasangan.
*'''Luncur ais adagio''' - displin jenis berpasangan yang sering dilihat dalam pertunjukan di mana peluncur membuat banyak angkatan akrobatik (''acrobatic lift'') tanpa banyak atau langsung melakukan banyak unsur-unsur dalam displin luncur berpasangan yang lain.
 
== Perbelanjaan dan dana ==
Sukan ini mengambil kos yang sangat mahal,<ref name="usfscost2"><cite class="citation news">Bodmer, Doris (October 2004). [http://www.usfigureskating.org/content.asp?menu=parents&id=388 "What Does It Cost to Skate Competitively?"]. ''[[U.S. Figure Skating]]: Focus for Parents''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 20 September 2011</ref><ref name="nyt326112"><{{cite classnews|last1="citation news">Gerstner, |first1=Joanne C.|date=26 Mac (2011-03-26). [|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/27/sports/27skating.html?pagewanted=print&src=pm "|title=It Isn't Over Until She Says"]. ''|publisher=[[The New York Times]]''<span class="reference-|accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-03-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=It+Isn%27t+Over+Until+She+Says&rft.date=Jun 2011-03-26&rft.aulast=Gerstner&rft.aufirst=Joanne+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F03%2F27%2Fsports%2F27skating.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dprint%26src%3Dpm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFigure+skating" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span>}}</ref><ref name="EJ1303112"><cite class="citation news">Karatchuk, Tammy (11 March 2013). [https://www.webcitation.org/6F3UNTOUW?url=http://www.edmontonjournal.com/story_print.html?id=8081667 "<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">'</span>Full family sacrifice' big reason behind success of Edmonton figure skater Kaetlyn Osmond"]. ''Edmonton Journal''. Archived from [http://www.edmontonjournal.com/story_print.html?id=8081667 the original] on 12 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Edmonton+Journal&rft.atitle=%27Full+family+sacrifice%27+big+reason+behind+success+of+Edmonton+figure+skater+Kaetlyn+Osmond&rft.date=2013-03-11&rft.aulast=Karatchuk&rft.aufirst=Tammy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edmontonjournal.com%2Fstory_print.html%3Fid%3D8081667&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFigure+skating" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></ref><ref name="tie1109202"><{{cite classnews|last1="citation news">Brannen, |first1=Sarah S.; |last2=Meekins, |first1=Drew|date=20 September (2011-09-20). [|url=http://web.icenetwork.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20110920&content_id=24957686&vkey=ice_news "|title=The Inside Edge: The new quad king"]. ''|website=Icenetwork''<span class="reference-|accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-09-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Icenetwork&rft.atitle=The+Inside+Edge%3A+The+new+quad+king&rft.date=September 2011-09-20&rft.aulast=Brannen&rft.aufirst=Sarah+S.&rft.au=Meekins%2C+Drew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.icenetwork.com%2Fnews%2Farticle.jsp%3Fymd%3D20110920%26content_id%3D24957686%26vkey%3Dice_news&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFigure+skating" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span>}}</ref> disebabkan faktor tempoh ais dan latihan.<ref name="nyt9912192"><cite class="citation news">Castronovo Fusco, Mary Ann (December 19, 1999). [https://www.nytimes.com/1999/12/19/nyregion/the-costs-of-pursuing-a-medal.html?pagewanted=print&src=pm "The Costs Of Pursuing A Medal"]. ''The New York Times''.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Costs+Of+Pursuing+A+Medal&rft.date=1999-12-19&rft.aulast=Castronovo+Fusco&rft.aufirst=Mary+Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1999%2F12%2F19%2Fnyregion%2Fthe-costs-of-pursuing-a-medal.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dprint%26src%3Dpm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFigure+skating" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></ref> Sesetengah persatuan negara tertentu akan menyediakan dana untuk peluncur jika mereka memenuhi kriteria tertentu.<ref name="usfsfunding2"><{{cite classweb|url="citation web">[http://www.usfsa.org/Athletes.asp?id=325 "|title=Funding"]. ''[[|website=U.S. Figure Skating]]''.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Figure+Skating&rft.atitle=Funding&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usfsa.org%2FAthletes.asp%3Fid%3D325&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFigure+skating" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span>}}</ref> Banyak peluncur mengambil kerja sembilan paruh waktu, malah ada daripadanya yang telah mencuba kaedah ''[[crowdfunding]]''..<ref name="IN1205312"><{{cite classnews|last1="citation news">Brannen, |first1=Sarah S.|date=31 (May 31,Mei 2012). [|url=http://www.icenetwork.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20120531&content_id=32547848&vkey=ice_news "|title=Workin' for a livin': Skaters take part-time jobs"]. ''[[U.S. Figure Skating|publisher=Ice Network]]''.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ice+Network&rft.atitle=Workin%27+for+a+livin%27%3A+Skaters+take+part-time+jobs&rft.date=2012-05-31&rft.aulast=Brannen&rft.aufirst=Sarah+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icenetwork.com%2Fnews%2Farticle.jsp%3Fymd%3D20120531%26content_id%3D32547848%26vkey%3Dice_news&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFigure+skating" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span>}}</ref><ref name="CBC1511182"><{{cite classnews|last1="citation news">Kwong,|first1=P. PJ (J.|date=18 November 2015). [|url=http://www.cbc.ca/sports/olympics/winter/figureskating/figure-skaters-get-creative-to-cover-massive-costs-1.3322853 "|title=Figure skaters get creative to cover massive costs"]. ''|publisher=CBC Sports''.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+Sports&rft.atitle=Figure+skaters+get+creative+to+cover+massive+costs&rft.date=2015-11-18&rft.aulast=Kwong&rft.aufirst=PJ&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fsports%2Folympics%2Fwinter%2Ffigureskating%2Ffigure-skaters-get-creative-to-cover-massive-costs-1.3322853&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFigure+skating" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span>}}</ref><ref name="Pursuit-LIDM2"><{{cite classnews|url="citation news">[https://www.pursu.it/pursuit/campaign/102 "|title=Lubov Iliushechkina & Dylan Moscovitch"]. |website=pursu.it<span class|accessdate="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved November 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Lubov+Iliushechkina+%26+Dylan+Moscovitch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pursu.it%2Fpursuit%2Fcampaign%2F102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFigure+skating" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Check date values in: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#x7C;access-date=</code> ([[Help:CS1 errors#bad date|help]])</span>}}</ref> Di Jerman, banyak peluncur elit menyertai tentera untuk menampung kos pembiayaan sukan mereka.<ref name="ifs1107132"><{{cite classnews|last1="citation news">Kany, |first1=Klaus-Reinhold|date=13 Julai (2011-07-13). [|url=https://www.webcitation.org/64PopXs3s?url=http://www.ifsmagazine.com/articles/582-european-news-aliona-savchenko-and-robin-szolkowy-and-more "|title=European News: Aliona Savchenko and Robin Szolkowy and More: Summer Updates"]. ''|publisher=IFS Magazine''. Archived from [|archiveurl=http://www.ifsmagazine.com/articles/582-european-news-aliona-savchenko-and-robin-szolkowy-and-more the original] on 2012|archive-01-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IFS+Magazine&rft.atitle=European+News%3A+Aliona+Savchenko+and+Robin+Szolkowy+and+More%3A+Summer+Updates&rft.date=2011-07-13&rft.aulast=Kany&rft.aufirst=Klaus-Reinhold&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ifsmagazine.com%2Farticles%2F582-european-news-aliona-savchenko-and-robin-szolkowy-and-more&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFigure+skating"1 class="Z3988"><spanMac style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span>2012}}</ref> Beberapa peluncur kompetitif turut bergantung kepada pendapatan daripada pertunjukan.<ref name="dilemma3"><{{cite class="citation news">|last1=Kany, |first1=Klaus-Reinhold|date=24 January (2012-01-24). [|url=http://web.icenetwork.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20120124&content_id=26455774&vkey=ice_news "|title=Wounded Savchenko and Szolkowy in tough spot"]. ''|website=Ice Network''.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ice+Network&rft.atitle=Wounded+Savchenko+and+Szolkowy+in+tough+spot&rft.date=2012-01-24&rft.aulast=Kany&rft.aufirst=Klaus-Reinhold&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.icenetwork.com%2Fnews%2Farticle.jsp%3Fymd%3D20120124%26content_id%3D26455774%26vkey%3Dice_news&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFigure+skating" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span>}}</ref><ref name="promin2"><{{cite classnews|last1="citation news">Berlot, |first1=Jean-Christophe|date=2 Februari (2011-12-02). [|url=http://web.icenetwork.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20111202&content_id=26082034&vkey=ice_news "|title=Amodio, Meite seek prominence in different ways"]. ''|website=Ice Network''<span class|accessdate="reference-accessdate">.2 RetrievedFebruari <span class="nowrap">2011-12-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ice+Network&rft.atitle=Amodio%2C+Meite+seek+prominence+in+different+ways&rft.date=2011-12-02&rft.aulast=Berlot&rft.aufirst=Jean-Christophe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.icenetwork.com%2Fnews%2Farticle.jsp%3Fymd%3D20111202%26content_id%3D26082034%26vkey%3Dice_news&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFigure+skating" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span>}}</ref> Persembahan sebegini harus mendapat kebenaran persatuan mereka, yakni peluncur barangkalinya akan kehilangan kelayakan untuk bertanding secara kompetitif jika mereka mengambil bahagian tanpa izin. Terdapat juga kes-kes tertentu di mana peluncur akan berada dalam keadaan terpaksa untuk bersaing dalam keadaan yang cedera agar mereka dibenarkan terlibat dalam pertunjukan.<ref name="dilemma3" />
 
== Rujukan ==
 
=== Nota ===
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist|30em|refs=<ref name=genreg2012>{{cite web |url= http://www5.isu.org/vsite/vfile/page/fileurl/0,11040,4844-206227-223450-177140-0-file,00.pdf |title= Constitution and General Regulations 2012 |format= PDF |publisher= [[International Skating Union]] |date= June 2012 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20130702033356/http://www.isu.org/vsite/vfile/page/fileurl/0%2C11040%2C4844-206227-223450-177140-0-file%2C00.pdf |archivedate= 2 July 2013 |deadurl= yes |df= }}</ref>
 
<ref name=genreg2010>{{cite web |url= http://www.isu.org/vsite/vfile/page/fileurl/0,11040,4844-203191-220414-166536-0-file,00.pdf |title= Constitution and General Regulations 2010 |format= PDF |publisher= [[International Skating Union]] |date= June 2010 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20111018075831/http://www.isu.org/vsite/vfile/page/fileurl/0%2C11040%2C4844-203191-220414-166536-0-file%2C00.pdf |archivedate= 18 October 2011 |deadurl= yes |df= }}</ref>
 
<ref name=isuSFTR>{{cite web |url= http://www.isu.org/vsite/vfile/page/fileurl/0,11040,4844-206192-223415-177357-0-file,00.pdf |title= Special Regulations & Technical Rules: Single & Pair Skating and Ice Dance 2012 |publisher= International Skating Union |format= PDF |date= June 2012 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20131029201118/http://www.isu.org/vsite/vfile/page/fileurl/0%2C11040%2C4844-206192-223415-177357-0-file%2C00.pdf |archivedate= 29 October 2013 |deadurl= yes |df= }}</ref>
 
<ref name=deduc>{{cite web |url= http://www.isu.org/vsite/vfile/page/fileurl/0,11040,4844-202793-220016-166867-0-file,00.pdf |format= PDF |title= S&P Deductions – Deductions: Who is responsible? |publisher= International Skating Union |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101011053431/http://www.isu.org/vsite/vfile/page/fileurl/0%2C11040%2C4844-202793-220016-166867-0-file%2C00.pdf |archivedate= 11 October 2010 |deadurl= yes |df= }}</ref>
 
<ref name=tphss>{{cite web |url= http://www.isu.org/vsite/vfile/page/fileurl/0,11040,4844-197593-214816-125742-0-file,00.pdf |format= PDF |title= Technical Panel Handbook Single Skating |publisher= International Skating Union |date= 7 August 2012 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20130510145751/http://www.isu.org/vsite/vfile/page/fileurl/0%2C11040%2C4844-197593-214816-125742-0-file%2C00.pdf |archivedate= 10 May 2013 |deadurl= yes |df= }}</ref>
 
<ref name=components>{{cite web |url= http://www.isu.org/vsite/vfile/page/fileurl/0,11040,4844-152086-169302-64121-0-file,00.pdf |format= PDF |title= Components with Explanations |publisher= International Skating Union |date= 31 July 2004 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20131203012347/http://www.isu.org/vsite/vfile/page/fileurl/0%2C11040%2C4844-152086-169302-64121-0-file%2C00.pdf |archivedate= 3 December 2013 |deadurl= yes |df= }}</ref>
 
<ref name=isu1861>{{cite web |url= http://static.isu.org/media/143595/1861-sandp_sov_levels-of-difficulty_goe_2014-15.pdf |format= PDF |title= Communication No. 1861: Single & Pair Skating Scale of Values, Levels of Difficulty and Guidelines for marking Grade of Execution |publisher= International Skating Union |date= 28 April 2014 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20140504033530/http://static.isu.org/media/143595/1861-sandp_sov_levels-of-difficulty_goe_2014-15.pdf |archivedate= 4 May 2014 |deadurl= no }}</ref>
 
<ref name=Haines>{{cite web |url= http://www.usfigureskating.org/About.asp?id=101 |title= U.S. Figure Skating History |work= [[U.S. Figure Skating]] |date= |accessdate= 2006-09-04 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=ISUHistory>{{cite web |title= Some Key Dates in ISU History |work= International Skating Union |date= |url= http://www.isu.org/vsite/vcontent/page/custom/0,8510,4844-130844-132152-20256-74409-custom-item,00.html |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20131103104536/http://www2.isu.org/vsite/vcontent/page/custom/0%2C8510%2C4844-130844-132152-20256-74409-custom-item%2C00.html |archivedate= 3 November 2013 |deadurl= yes |df= }}</ref>
 
<ref name=nyt900502>{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1990/05/02/sports/professional-rules-undergo-change.html?pagewanted=print&src=pm |title= Professional Rules Undergo Change |first= Michael |last= Janofsky |work= The New York Times |date= May 2, 1990 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=nyt970216>{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1997/02/16/sports/kwan-s-slips-open-door-for-a-younger-champion.html?pagewanted=print&src=pm |title= Kwan's Slips Open Door For a Younger Champion |first= Jere |last= Longman |work= The New York Times |date= 1997-02-16 |accessdate= 2011-10-31 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=nyt940206>{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1994/02/06/sports/focus-on-sports-the-whole-world-is-watching.html?pagewanted=print&src=pm |title= FOCUS ON SPORTS; The Whole World Is Watching |first= Jere |last= Longman |work= The New York Times |date= 1994-02-06 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=nyt880326>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/03/26/sports/a-quadruple-jump-on-ice.html?pagewanted=print&src=pm |title=A Quadruple Jump on Ice |agency=Associated Press |newspaper=The New York Times |date=1988-03-26 |accessdate=2007-10-14 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=nyt32611>{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/27/sports/27skating.html?pagewanted=print&src=pm |title= It Isn't Over Until She Says |first= Joanne C. |last= Gerstner |work= [[The New York Times]] |date= 2011-03-26 |accessdate= 2011-03-26 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=embracing>{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/29/sports/29iht-RINK29.html?pagewanted=print&src=pm |title= Embracing the Risks of Figure Skating Pays Off for Chan |first= Christopher |last= Clarey |publisher= [[The New York Times]] |date= 2011-04-28 |accessdate= 2011-09-09 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=comeback>{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1997/03/19/sports/russian-s-comeback-in-pairs-is-stunning.html?pagewanted=print&src=pm |title= Russian's Comeback In Pairs Is Stunning |last= Longman |first= Jere |publisher= [[The New York Times]] |date= 1997-03-19 |accessdate= 2010-06-06 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=nytjl980204>{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/04/sports/olympics-nagano-1998-taking-life-and-its-scars-and-pains.html?pagewanted=print&src=pm |title= OLYMPICS: NAGANO 1998; Taking Life and Its Scars and Pains |first= Jere |last= Longman |work= [[The New York Times]] |date= 1998-02-04 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=muscles>{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/17/sports/olympics/17icedancers.html?pagewanted=print&src=pm |title= New Muscles and Pounds Boost an American Ice Dancer's Outlook |last= Macur |first= Juliet |date= 2010-02-16 |work= New York Times |accessdate= 2010-12-22 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=macur20100222>{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/22/sports/olympics/22kiss.html?pagewanted=print&src=pm |title=After Skating, a Unique Olympic Event: Crying |work=The New York Times |date=2010-02-22 |accessdate= 2012-07-29 |first= Juliet |last= Macur |pages=A1}}</ref>
 
<ref name=w11mlp>{{cite news |url= http://www.goldenskate.com/2011/04/chan-takes-world-title-with-record-score/ |title= Chan takes World title with record score |last= Flade |first= Tatiana |date= 2011-04-28 |work= GoldenSkate |accessdate= 2011-04-29 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=quadevo991202>{{cite news |url=http://www.cbssports.com/u/wire/stories/0,1169,1675967_10946,00.html |title=The quad: Skating's evolution is for more revolution |first= |last= |work=CBS Sports |date=1999-12-02 |accessdate=2011-10-31 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20001031031500/http://cbs.sportsline.com/u/wire/stories/0%2C1169%2C1675967_10946%2C00.html |archivedate=October 31, 2000 |df= }}</ref>
 
<ref name=spillhenie>{{cite news |url= http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/siforwomen/top_100/4/ |title= 100 Greatest Female Athletes: Sonja Henie |first= Paul |last= Hunt |work= |publisher= CNN Sports Illustrated |date= |accessdate= 2006-09-05 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=reu110406>{{cite news |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2011/04/06/uk-olympics-sochi-events-idUKTRE7353FI20110406 |title=Sochi 2014 winter Games to have six new events |first=Karolos |last=Grohmann |date=2011-04-06 |work=[[Reuters]] |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64N6YWElg?url=http://uk.reuters.com/assets/print?aid=UKTRE7353FI20110406 |archivedate=2012-01-01 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>
 
<ref name=ctteam>{{cite news |url= http://newsblogs.chicagotribune.com/sports_globetrotting/2011/04/team-figure-skating-event-womens-ski-jumping-new-olympic-events.html |title= Team figure skating, women's ski jumping new Olympic events |first= Philip |last= Hersh |date= 2011-04-06 |work= [[Chicago Tribune]] |accessdate= 2011-04-06 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=reu120329>{{cite news |url= https://www.reuters.com/article/2012/03/29/figure-skating-olympics-team-idUSL3E8ET8WL20120329 |title= Figure skating-New team event at Sochi Olympics will begin early |first= Pritha |last= Sarkar |work= [[Reuters]] |date= 2012-03-29 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=isu9861>{{cite web |url= http://www.isu.org/vsite/vnavsite/page/directory/0,10853,4844-205151-222374-nav-list,00.html?id=986 |title= Qualification Systems for the 2014 Olympic Winter Games in Sochi |date= 2011-12-30 |accessdate= 2011-01-01 |work= International Skating Union }}</ref>
 
<ref name=1993nssII>{{cite news|url=http://www.seattlepi.com/archives/1993/9309080111.asp |title= 1993 National Sports Study II }} {{Dead link|date=January 2012|bot=RjwilmsiBot}}</ref>
 
<ref name=lvsun>{{cite news |url= http://www.lasvegassun.com/news/1996/mar/21/stars-on-ice-as-nice-as-the-kids-next-door/ |title= Stars on Ice as nice as the kids next door }}</ref>
 
<ref name=iebrennan>Inside Edge: A Revealing Journey into the Secret World of Figure Skating By [[Christine Brennan]]; Scribner</ref>
 
<ref name=aboutrinks>{{cite web |url= http://proicehockey.about.com/od/international/a/olympic_rules.htm |title= Olympic Hockey Rules Versus NHL Rules |first= Jamie |last= Fitzpatrick |work= About.com }}</ref>
 
<ref name=usatslip>{{cite news |url= https://www.usatoday.com/sports/columnist/brennan/2008-01-23-skating_N.htm |work=USA Today |first=Christine |last=Brennan |title=TV ratings slip as figure skating loses its edge |date= 2008-01-23 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=india>{{cite news |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/et-cetera/ice-rink-comes-up-in-gurgaon-10-more-across-country-in-5-years/articleshow/11027990.cms |title=Ice rink comes up in Gurgaon ; 10 more across country in 5 Years |date=2011-12-08 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/63lq8nxMS?url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/et-cetera/ice-rink-comes-up-in-gurgaon-10-more-across-country-in-5-years/articleshow/11027990.cms |archivedate=2011-12-08 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>
 
<ref name=nyt991219>{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1999/12/19/nyregion/the-costs-of-pursuing-a-medal.html?pagewanted=print&src=pm |title= The Costs Of Pursuing A Medal |first= Mary Ann |last= Castronovo Fusco |work= The New York Times |date= December 19, 1999 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=usfscost>{{cite news |url= http://www.usfigureskating.org/content.asp?menu=parents&id=388 |title= What Does It Cost to Skate Competitively? |first= Doris |last= Bodmer |date= October 2004 |work= [[U.S. Figure Skating]]: Focus for Parents |accessdate= 2011-09-20 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=tie110920>{{cite news |url= http://web.icenetwork.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20110920&content_id=24957686&vkey=ice_news |title= The Inside Edge: The new quad king |first= Sarah S. |last= Brannen |first2= Drew |last2=Meekins |date= 2011-09-20 |work= Icenetwork |accessdate= 2011-09-20 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=isu111207>{{cite news |url= http://web.icenetwork.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20111207&content_id=26115228&vkey=ice_pressrelease |title= Preview of 2011 Grand Prix Final in Quebec |work= International Skating Union |date= 2011-12-07 |accessdate= 2011-12-07 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=usopen>{{cite web |url=http://www.usopen.org/en_US/about/history/prizemoney.html?promo=subnav |title=US Open: Prize Money |work=usopen.org |accessdate=2011-12-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123154414/http://www.usopen.org/en_US/about/history/prizemoney.html?promo=subnav |archivedate=2011-11-23 |df= }}</ref>
 
<ref name=usfsfunding>{{cite web |url= http://www.usfsa.org/Athletes.asp?id=325 |title= Funding |work= [[U.S. Figure Skating]] }}</ref>
 
<ref name=ct111028>{{cite news |url= http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/globetrotting/chi-the-bottom-line-lysacek-us-skating-both-losing-in-dispute-between-them-20111028,0,4970070.column |title= The bottom line: Lysacek, U.S. Skating both losing in dispute between them |first= Philip |last= Hersh |work= The Chicago Tribune |date= 2011-10-28 |accessdate= 2011-10-28 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=promin>{{cite news |url= http://web.icenetwork.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20111202&content_id=26082034&vkey=ice_news |title= Amodio, Meite seek prominence in different ways |first= Jean-Christophe |last= Berlot |work= Ice Network |date= 2011-12-02 |accessdate= 2011-12-02 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=ifs110713>{{cite news |url=http://www.ifsmagazine.com/articles/582-european-news-aliona-savchenko-and-robin-szolkowy-and-more |title=European News: Aliona Savchenko and Robin Szolkowy and More: Summer Updates |last=Kany |first=Klaus-Reinhold |date=2011-07-13 |work=IFS Magazine |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64PopXs3s?url=http://www.ifsmagazine.com/articles/582-european-news-aliona-savchenko-and-robin-szolkowy-and-more |archivedate=2012-01-03 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>
 
<ref name=ap120123>{{cite news |url=http://sports.nationalpost.com/2012/01/23/caroline-wozniacki-should-not-be-ranked-no-1-martina-navratilova/ |title=Caroline Wozniacki should not be ranked No. 1: Martina Navratilova |date=2012-01-23 |work=[[Associated Press]] |publisher=[[National Post]] |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64wkYWG5A?url=http://sports.nationalpost.com/2012/01/23/caroline-wozniacki-should-not-be-ranked-no-1-martina-navratilova/ |archivedate=2012-01-25 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>
 
<ref name=dilemma>{{cite news |url= http://web.icenetwork.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20120124&content_id=26455774&vkey=ice_news |title= Wounded Savchenko and Szolkowy in tough spot |first= Klaus-Reinhold |last= Kany |date= 2012-01-24 |work= Ice Network }}</ref>
 
<ref name=peniten>{{cite web |url=http://www.polizia-penitenziaria.it/notizie.asp?id=2096 |title=Cappellini-Lanotte verso la qualificazione olimpica, attesa per Carolina |work=[[Polizia Penitenziaria]] |date=March 2009 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64RQuqp36?url=http://www.polizia-penitenziaria.it/notizie.asp?id=2096 |archivedate=2012-01-04 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>
 
<ref name=peniten2>{{cite web |url=http://www.polizia-penitenziaria.it/notizie.asp?id=3842 |title=Isu Grand Prix, anche Anna e Luca sul podio |work=[[Polizia Penitenziaria]] |date=October 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64RRGhEW9?url=http://www.polizia-penitenziaria.it/notizie.asp?id=3842 |archivedate=2012-01-04 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>
 
<ref name=polstato>{{cite web |url=http://www.poliziadistato.it/articolo/20989/ |title=Pattinaggio di figura |work=[[Polizia di Stato]] |date=2011-02-04 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64RQ582Vy?url=http://www.poliziadistato.it/articolo/20989/ |archivedate=2012-01-04 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>
 
<ref name=espn>{{cite news |url= http://sports.espn.go.com/oly/figureskating/news/story?id=6120559 |title= China eyed over 9 athletes' ages |date= 2011-02-14 |work= [[Associated Press]] |publisher= [[ESPN]] |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/64eDbYFpQ?url=http://espn.go.com/espn/print?id=6120559&type=story |archivedate= 2012-01-12 |deadurl= no |df= }}</ref>
 
<ref name=se1210>{{cite news |url= http://winter.sport-express.ru/figureskating/reviews/10001/ |script-title=ru:Елена Буянова: "Сотникова намного лучше, чем была я" |trans-title=Elena Buianova: "Sotnikova is much better than I was" |first= Elena |last= Vaytsekhovskaya |date= 2010-12-13 |work= sport-express.ru |accessdate= 2010-12-19 |language= Russian}}</ref>
 
<ref name=isuage>{{cite news |url=http://www.isu.org/vsite/vfile/page/fileurl/0,11040,4844-203191-220414-166536-0-file,00.pdf |title=International Skating Union Constitution and General Regulations 2010 as accepted by the 53rd Ordinary Congress, June 2010: Age limits for Single & Pair Skating / Ice Dance (page 102) |author= |year=2010 |publisher=International Skating Union |accessdate=2011-09-22 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111018075831/http://www.isu.org/vsite/vfile/page/fileurl/0%2C11040%2C4844-203191-220414-166536-0-file%2C00.pdf |archivedate=2011-10-18 |df= }}</ref>
 
<ref name=cbs980615>{{cite news |url= http://cbs.sportsline.com/u/women/skating/jun98/loosemore61598.htm |title= Raising age minimums won't be enough |first= Sandra |last= Loosemore |work= CBS Sportsline |date= 1998-06-15 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080726002747/http://cbs.sportsline.com/u/women/skating/jun98/loosemore61598.htm |archivedate= 2008-07-26 |deadurl= yes }}</ref>
 
<ref name=cbs000316>{{cite news |url= http://cbs.sportsline.com/u/ce/multi/0,1329,2150632_10946,00.html |title= Junior skaters shouldn't face senior pressure |first= Sandra |last= Loosemore |work= CBS Sportsline |date= 2000-03-16 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20081013030332/http://cbs.sportsline.com/u/ce/multi/0%2C1329%2C2150632_10946%2C00.html |archivedate= 2008-10-13 |deadurl= yes |df= }}</ref>
 
<ref name=agereq>{{cite news |url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/columnist/brennan/2008-01-24-young-skaters_N.htm |title=Age requirement could keep stars from rising |first=Christine |last=Brennan |date=2008-01-25 |work=[[USA Today]] |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64eEifyep?url=http://www.usatoday.com/sports/columnist/brennan/2008-01-24-young-skaters_N.htm |archivedate=2012-01-12 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>
 
<ref name=feb1711>{{cite news |url= http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/wire?section=gen&id=6131244 |title= ISU: No discrepancies for Olympic silver medalists |date= 2011-02-17 |work= [[Associated Press]] |publisher= ESPN |accessdate= 2011-02-17 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=survive>{{cite web |url= http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/www.js.xinhuanet.com/xin_wen_zhong_xin/2011-02/17/content_22085600.htm |script-title=zh:改年齡在中國體壇才能生存 |trans-title=Changing age to survive in Chinese sports |date= February 17, 2011 |publisher=xinhuanet.com |language=Chinese |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110718131201/http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/www.js.xinhuanet.com/xin_wen_zhong_xin/2011-02/17/content_22085600.htm |archivedate= 2011-07-18 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=cbs991017>{{cite news |url= http://www.cbssports.com/u/ce/multi/0,1329,1490799_10946,00.html |title= Falls, injuries often come in pairs |first= Sandra |last= Loosemore |date= 1999-10-17 |work= [[CBS Sports]] |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20120112223719/http://www.cbssports.com/u/ce/multi/0%2C1329%2C1490799_10946%2C00.html |archivedate= 2012-01-12 |deadurl= yes |df= }}</ref>
 
<ref name=binnebose>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/2010-12-21-j-paul-binnebose-skater_N.htm |title=Skater Binnebose back on the ice, teaching after brain surgery |last=Beiser |first=H. Darr |date=2010-12-21 |work=[[USA Today]] |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64eAQLNQu?url=http://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/2010-12-21-j-paul-binnebose-skater_N.htm |archivedate=2012-01-12 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>
 
<ref name=abssk2010>{{cite news |url= http://absoluteskating.com/interviews/2010norahoffman.html |title= Nóra Hoffmann: "We've gone through really tough times" |last= Bőd |first= Titanilla |year= 2010 |work= AbsoluteSkating.com |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/64eCZwL85?url=http://absoluteskating.com/index.php?cat=interviews&id=2010norahoffman |archivedate= 2012-01-12 |deadurl= no |df= }}</ref>
 
<ref name=batessamuelson>{{cite news |url= http://web.icenetwork.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20100929&content_id=15212632&vkey=ice_news |title= Bates sidelined after injuring Achilles in practice |last= Rosewater |first= Amy |date= 2010-09-29 |work= icenetwork.com |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/64eCfpdyE?url=http://web.icenetwork.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20100929&content_id=15212632&vkey=ice_news&print=true |archivedate= 2012-01-12 |deadurl= no |df= }}</ref>
 
<ref name=icenetfeb12>{{cite news |url= http://web.icenetwork.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20110212&content_id=16625346&vkey=ice_news |title= Denney, Barrett out of Four Continents |first= Sarah S. |last= Brannen |date= 2011-02-12 |work= IceNetwork.com |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/64eA223nm?url=http://web.icenetwork.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20110212&content_id=16625346&vkey=ice_news&print=true |archivedate= 2012-01-12 |deadurl= no |df= }}</ref>
 
<ref name=densta>{{cite news |url=http://www.goldenskate.com/2001/12/bulgarian-dancers-triumph-over-injuries-to-reach-top-ten/ |title=Albena Denkova and Maxim Staviski: Bulgarian Dancers Triumph Over Injuries to Reach Top Ten |last=Mittan |first=Barry |date=2001-12-03 |work=GoldenSkate.com |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64eCtBW4k?url=http://www.goldenskate.com/2001/12/bulgarian-dancers-triumph-over-injuries-to-reach-top-ten/print/ |archivedate=2012-01-12 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>
 
<ref name=cnn070423>{{cite news |url=http://articles.cnn.com/2007-04-23/health/skater.trauma_1_jessica-dube-bryce-davison-world-figure-skating-championships?_s=PM:HEALTH |title=Journey back to the ice: Skaters recover after slash |first=Amy |last=Burkholder |work=[[CNN]] |date=April 23, 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005003816/http://articles.cnn.com/2007-04-23/health/skater.trauma_1_jessica-dube-bryce-davison-world-figure-skating-championships?_s=PM%3AHEALTH |archivedate=October 5, 2012 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>
 
<ref name=maniachenko>{{cite web |url=http://www.isuresults.com/bios/isufs00000157.htm |title=Galina EFREMENKO: 2005/2006 |work=International Skating Union |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66qee90n2?url=http://www.isuresults.com/bios/isufs00000157.htm |archivedate=2012-04-11 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>
 
<ref name=rzinj>{{cite web |url= http://www.isuresults.com/bios/isufs00004554.htm |title= Elena RIABCHUK / Stanislav ZAKHAROV: 2002/2003 |work= International Skating Union |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100330002436/http://www.isuresults.com/bios/isufs00004554.htm |archivedate= 2010-03-30 |deadurl= no }}</ref>
 
<ref name=taralip>{{cite news |url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/health/spotlighthealth/2002-09-06-lipinski_x.htm |title=Tara Lipinski skates past DVT |first=Mike |last=Falcon |date=2002-09-06 |work=[[USA Today]] |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64eCzG5VB?url=http://www.usatoday.com/news/health/spotlighthealth/2002-09-06-lipinski_x.htm |archivedate=2012-01-12 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>
 
<ref name=spincon>{{cite news |url= http://www.nbcconnecticut.com/news/local/Dr-Investigates-Figure-Skating-Dangers-138801459.html |title= Dr. Investigates Figure Skating Dangers |first= Sabina |last= Kutiakose |date= 2012-02-07 |work= [[NBC]] Connecticut |accessdate= 2012-02-09 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=gs4202>{{cite news |url= http://www.goldenskate.com/articles/2001/040202.shtml |title= The Figure Skater and Ganglion Cysts of the Ankle |first= Sharon |last= Walston |date= 2002-04-02 |work= Golden Skate |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080807164547/http://www.goldenskate.com/articles/2001/040202.shtml |archivedate= 2008-08-07 |deadurl= yes }}</ref>
 
<ref name=podtod>{{cite news |url=http://www.podiatrytoday.com/article/5374 |title=How To Evaluate Figure Skating Injuries |first=Rachel A. |last=Janowicz |work=Podiatry Today |date=April 2006 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64eDzTelt?url=http://www.podiatrytoday.com/print/517 |archivedate=2012-01-12 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>
 
<ref name=HP100120>{{cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/lesleyann-coker/jenny-kirk-on-figure-skat_b_430032.html |title=Jenny Kirk on Figure Skating's Eating Disorder Epidemic (Part I) |last=Coker |first=Lesleyann |date=2010-01-20 |work=[[Huffington Post]] |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64eEOrhd9?url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/lesleyann-coker/jenny-kirk-on-figure-skat_b_430032.html?view=print |archivedate=2012-01-12 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>
 
<ref name=HP100121>{{cite news |url= http://www.huffingtonpost.com/lesleyann-coker/jenny-kirk-on-figure-skat_b_431698.html |title= Jenny Kirk on Figure Skating's Eating Disorder Epidemic (Part II) |last= Coker |first= Lesleyann |date= 2010-01-21 |work= [[Huffington Post]] |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/64eEUr83A?url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/lesleyann-coker/jenny-kirk-on-figure-skat_b_431698.html?view=print&comm_ref=false |archivedate= 2012-01-12 |deadurl= no |df= }}</ref>
 
<ref name=AS120402>{{cite news |url= http://absoluteskating.com/index.php?cat=interviews&id=2012lambiel |title= Stéphane Lambiel: "If I wanted to compete I would compete" |first= Reut |last= Golinsky |work= Absolute Skating |date= 2012-04-02 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=ST041205>{{cite news |url= http://www.skatetoday.com/2004/12/05/slovak-pair-tests-new-isu-costume-rules/ |title= Slovak Pair Tests New ISU Costume Rules |first= Barry |last= Mittan |work= Skate Today |date= 2004-12-05 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=isuprev110423>{{cite news |url= http://www.isu.org/vsite/vcontent/content/transnews/0,10869,4844-128590-19728-18885-313315-3787-4771-layout160-129898-news-item,00.html |title= ISU World Figure Skating Championships 2011 - Preview |work= International Skating Union |date= April 23, 2011 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=IN120531>{{cite news |url= http://www.icenetwork.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20120531&content_id=32547848&vkey=ice_news |title= Workin' for a livin': Skaters take part-time jobs |first= Sarah S. |last= Brannen |work= [[U.S. Figure Skating|Ice Network]] |date= May 31, 2012 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=IN120423>{{cite news |url= http://web.icenetwork.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20120423&content_id=29454848&vkey=ice_news |title= Beyond 'Carmen': Finding the right piece of music |first= Sarah S. |last= Brannen |work= [[U.S. Figure Skating|Ice Network]] |date= 2012-04-23 |accessdate= 2012-04-27 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=IN120713dl>{{cite news |url= http://www.icenetwork.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20120713&content_id=34870028&vkey=ice_news |title= Dangerous drama: Dance lifts becoming 'scary' |first= Sarah S. |last= Brannen |work= Icenetwork |date= July 13, 2012 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=IN120820cos>{{cite news |url= http://web.icenetwork.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20120820&content_id=37018476&vkey=ice_news |title= Fashion forward: Designers, skaters on costumes |first= Sarah S. |last= Brannen |work= Icenetwork |date= 2012-08-20 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=AS120818>{{cite news |url= http://absoluteskating.com/index.php?cat=articles&id=2012costumesonice1 |title= Costumes on Ice, Part I: Ice dance |first= Reut |last= Golinsky |work= Absolute Skating |date= 2012-08-18 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=AS120914>{{cite news |url= http://www.absoluteskating.com/index.php?cat=articles&id=2012costumesonice2 |title= Costumes on Ice, Part II: Ladies |first= Reut |last= Golinsky |work= Absolute Skating |date= 2012-09-14 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=AS121004>{{cite news |url= http://www.absoluteskating.com/index.php?cat=articles&id=2012costumesonice3 |title= Costumes on Ice, Part III: Men |first= Reut |last= Golinsky |work= Absolute Skating |date= 2012-10-04 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=GS121031>{{cite news |url= http://www.goldenskate.com/2012/10/savchenko-and-szolkowy-off-to-strong-start-in-pre-olympic-season/ |title= Savchenko and Szolkowy off to strong start in pre-Olympic season |first= Tatjana |last= Flade |work= Golden Skate |date= 2012-10-31 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=usfsa99rb>"The 1999 Official USFSA Rulebook.", SSR 19.00. USFSA, 1998.</ref>
 
<ref name=USAT110315>{{Cite web |url= https://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/2011-03-15-evan-lysacek-sullivan-award_N.htm |title= Evan Lysacek wins Sullivan Award for top amateur athlete |work= [[USA Today]] |date=March 15, 2011 |accessdate=March 15, 2011 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=AP000329op>{{cite news |url= http://espn.go.com/skating/news/2000/0329/453312.html |title= Ukrainian pairs skater injured in fall |work= [[Associated Press]] |publisher= [[ESPN]] |date= March 29, 2000 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080418014033/http://espn.go.com/skating/news/2000/0329/453312.html |archivedate= April 18, 2008 |deadurl= no }}</ref>
 
<ref name=fsequip>{{cite web |url= http://www.olympic.org/uk/sports/programme/equipment_uk.asp?DiscCode=FS&sportCode=SK |title= Figure skating equipment |work= Olympic.org |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090312032131/http://www.olympic.org/uk/sports/programme/equipment_uk.asp?DiscCode=FS&sportCode=SK |archivedate= 2009-03-12 |deadurl= yes }}</ref>
 
<ref name=CBS981216>{{cite news |url= http://cbs.sportsline.com/u/women/skating/dec98/loosemore121698.htm |title= 'Figures' don't add up in competition anymore |first= Sandra |last= Loosemore |work= CBS Sportsline |date= 1998-12-16 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080727021537/http://cbs.sportsline.com/u/women/skating/dec98/loosemore121698.htm |archivedate= 2008-07-27 |deadurl= yes }}</ref>
 
<ref name=CBS981202>{{cite news |url= http://cbs.sportsline.com/u/women/skating/dec98/loosemore12298.htm |title= It's the presentation, stupid |first= Sandra |last= Loosemore |work= CBS Sportsline |date= 1998-12-02 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/19990429142740/http://cbs.sportsline.com/u/women/skating/dec98/loosemore12298.htm |archivedate= 1999-04-29 |deadurl= yes }}</ref>
 
<ref name=LFP130308>{{cite news |url=http://www.lfpress.com/2013/03/08/the-city-flowers-and-ice-a-perilous-combination |title=Flowers and ice a perilous combination |first=Ian |last=Gillespie |work=[[The London Free Press]] |date=2013-03-08 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Ezv7uIcA?url=http://www.lfpress.com/2013/03/08/the-city-flowers-and-ice-a-perilous-combination |archivedate=2013-03-09 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>
 
<ref name=EJ130311>{{cite news |url=http://www.edmontonjournal.com/story_print.html?id=8081667 |title='Full family sacrifice' big reason behind success of Edmonton figure skater Kaetlyn Osmond |first=Tammy |last=Karatchuk |work=Edmonton Journal |date=11 March 2013 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6F3UNTOUW?url=http://www.edmontonjournal.com/story_print.html?id=8081667 |archivedate=12 March 2013 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>
 
<ref name=SI130410>{{cite news |url= http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/more/news/20130410/agnes-zawadzki/ |title= Agnes Zawadzki aiming for newly open spot at 2014 games |first= Brian |last= Cazeneuve |work= Sports Illustrated |date= 10 April 2013 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=TGAM130119>{{cite news |url= http://m.theglobeandmail.com/sports/more-sports/bearing-up-under-a-deluge-of-teddy-bears-panties-and-sundry-other-projectiles/article7551576/?service=mobile |title= Bearing up under a deluge of teddy bears, panties and sundry other projectiles |first= Hayley |last= Mick |work= The Globe and Mail |date= 19 January 2013 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=NYT090622>{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/23/science/23skate.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 |title= Science Takes to the Ice |first= Pam |last= Belluck |work= The New York Times |date= 22 June 2009 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=AFS2014>{{cite web|url=http://www.sochi2014.com/en/figure-skating-about |title=About Figure Skating |publisher=Sochi2014.com |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140129014622/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/figure-skating-about |archivedate=29 January 2014 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>
 
<ref name=BBC840214>{{cite news |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/14/newsid_4156000/4156053.stm |title= 1984: British ice couple score Olympic gold |work= BBC News |date= 14 February 1984 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=CH4GSM>{{cite news |url= http://www.channel4.com/entertainment/tv/microsites/G/greatest_sporting/results.html |title= 100 Greatest Sporting Moments – Results |publisher= Channel 4 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=NBCC140212>{{cite news |url= http://www.nbcconnecticut.com/on-air/as-seen-on/Researchers-Investigate-Link-Between-Figure-Skating-Spins-and-Concussions_Hartford-245122111.html |title= Researchers Investigate Link Between Figure Skating Spins and Concussions |publisher= NBC Connecticut |date= 12 February 2014 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=NYT140218>{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/19/sports/olympics/rhapsody-in-blue-or-rap-skating-will-add-vocals.html |title= 'Rhapsody in Blue' or Rap? Skating Will Add Vocals |first= Christopher |last= Clarey |work= [[The New York Times]] |date= 18 February 2014 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=NDN140217>{{cite news |url= http://www.miamiherald.com/2014/02/17/3941500/programmer-makes-music-jump-for.html |title= Programmer makes music jump for Olympic skaters |first= Harriet |last= Howard Heithaus |work= Naples Daily News |publisher= Miami Herald |date= 17 February 2014 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20140226234052/http://www.miamiherald.com/2014/02/17/3941500/programmer-makes-music-jump-for.html |archivedate=February 26, 2014 |deadurl= yes }}</ref>
 
<ref name=SM1404>{{cite news |url= http://content.yudu.com/A2rani/SkatingApr2014/resources/index.htm |title= Shin splints or anterior compartment syndrome? |work= [[U.S. Figure Skating|Skating Magazine]] |date= April 2014 |page= 55 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=IN131007>{{cite news |url= http://www.icenetwork.com/news/2013/10/07/62551376/french-skaters-debut-programs-in-orl233ans |title= French skaters debut programs in Orléans |first= Jean-Christophe |last= Berlot |work= [[IceNetwork.com]] |date= 7 October 2013 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=AP111022>{{cite news |url= http://espn.go.com/olympics/figureskating/story/_/id/7133485/michal-brezina-ahead-skate-america-short-program |title= Michal Brezina leads Skate America |work= [[The Associated Press]] |publisher= [[ESPN]] |date= 22 October 2011 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=GS120328ps>{{cite news |url= http://www.goldenskate.com/2012/03/savchenko-and-szolkowy-land-throw-triple-axel-lead-pairs-in-nice/ |title= Savchenko and Szolkowy land throw triple Axel; lead pairs in Nice |first= Anna |last= Kondakova |work= Golden Skate |date= 28 March 2012 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=WMQI1105>{{cite web |url= http://www.usfsa.org/content/What%20Makes%20Quality%20Ice.pdf |title= What makes quality ice? |first= Jeff |last= Theiler |first2= Sara |last2= Kurko |work= [[U.S. Figure Skating|Skating Magazine]] |date= May 2011 |pages= 46–47 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=IN140716>{{cite news |url= http://web.icenetwork.com/news/2014/07/16/84921200 |title= The Inside Edge: Programs with vocals on the way |first= Sarah S. |last= Brannen |first2= Drew |last2= Meekins |work= [[IceNetwork.com]] |date= 16 July 2014 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=CT140929>{{cite news |url= http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/breaking/chi-synchro-figure-skating-mass-start-speed-race-proposed-for-2018-olympics-20140929-story.html |title= Synchro figure skating, mass start speed race proposed for 2018 Olympics |first= Philip |last= Hersh |work= [[Chicago Tribune]] |date= 29 September 2014 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=CBC151118>{{cite news |url= http://www.cbc.ca/sports/olympics/winter/figureskating/figure-skaters-get-creative-to-cover-massive-costs-1.3322853 |title= Figure skaters get creative to cover massive costs |first= PJ |last= Kwong |work= CBC Sports |date= 18 November 2015 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=CBC151118b>{{cite news |url= http://www.cbc.ca/sports/olympics/winter/figureskating/cost-of-pair-figure-skater-1.3324598 |title= The cost of being a pair figure skater, item by item |work= CBC Sports |date= 18 November 2015 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=Pursuit-LIDM>{{cite news |url= https://www.pursu.it/pursuit/campaign/102 |title= Lubov Iliushechkina & Dylan Moscovitch |publisher= pursu.it |accessdate= November 2015 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=IN160202>{{cite news |url= http://www.icenetwork.com/news/2016/02/02/163386260 |title=Concussions in figure skating: How they happen |first= Lynn |last= Rutherford |work= [[IceNetwork.com]] |date= 2 February 2016 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=CT910214>{{cite news |url= http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-02-14/sports/9101140379_1_marina-klimova-pairs-and-singles-skaters |title= Rodnina Confirms Soviet Steroid Use |first= Phil |last= Hersh |work= [[Chicago Tribune]] |date= 14 February 1991 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=SS880228>{{cite news |url= http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1988-02-28/news/8801120691_1_figure-brian-boitano-skater |title= Damigella Eyes Chance At Gold In Next Olympics |first= Dave |last= Heeren |work= [[Sun-Sentinel]] |date= February 28, 1988 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20161129105825/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1988-02-28/news/8801120691_1_figure-brian-boitano-skater |archivedate= November 29, 2016 |deadurl= no }}</ref>
 
<ref name=WADA>{{cite web |url= https://www.wada-ama.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/2015_adrvs_report_web_release_0.pdf |title= 2015 Anti-Doping Rule Violations (ADRVs) Report |publisher= [[World Anti-Doping Agency]] |page= 10 |date= 3 April 2017 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=vocalsnote>Notable skaters who used vocal music without lyrics or words:
* [[Elena Berezhnaya]] / [[Anton Sikharulidze]] won gold in pair skating at the [[1999 World Figure Skating Championships|1999 World Championships]] skating to Concerto for Coloratura with vocals by Evgenia Miroshnichenko.
* [[Maria Butyrskaya]] took bronze in ladies' singles at the [[2000 World Figure Skating Championships|2000 World Championships]] skating to Scene d'Amour with vocals by Sarah Brightman.</ref>}}
 
== Pautan luar ==
Diambil daripada "https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luncur_ais_berbunga"