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Dinasti Nguyễn: Perbezaan antara semakan

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'''Dinasti Nguyễn '''({{lang-vi|Nhà Nguyễn}}; [[Hán-Nôm]]: {{linktext|阮|朝}}, ''Nguyễn triều'') merupakan dinasti terakhir yang memerintah Vietnam sebelum ia dijajah kuasa Barat.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Southern Vietnam under the Nguyễn|last=Li|first=Tana|last2=Reid|first2=Anthony|publisher=Australian National University|year=1993|isbn=981-3016-69-8|series=Economic History of Southeast Asia Project}}</ref> Dinasti ini berlangsung selama 143 tahun bermula dari 1802 apabila [[Gia Long]] ditabalkan sebagai Maharaja setelah mengalahkan [[Dinasti Tây Sơn dynasty|tentera Tây Sơn]] sehingga ke tahun 1945 apabila Maharaja [[Bảo Đại]] [[turun takhta]] lalu menyerahkan kuasa memerintah kepada [[Vietnam Utara|Republik Demokratik Vietnam]].Pihak penjajah Perancis membahagikan pemilikan kerajaan ini kepada tiga bahagian setelah ia dijajah: [[Cochinchina]] dijadikan koloni Perancis manakala [[Annam (French protectorate)|Annam]] dan [[Tonkin]] menjadi [[negeri naungan]] separa bebas.
 
== Latar belakang ==
Baris 8:
 
=== Penyatuan Vietnam serta langkah pembaharuan kerajaan ===
[[Gia Long|Nguyễn Phúc Ánh]] berjaya menyatukan Vietnam yang berpecah belah selama tiga ratus tahun. Baginda ditabalkan di Huế pada 1 Jun 1802 serta mengisytiharkan dirinya sebagai maharaja ({{lang-vi|Hoàng Đế}}) dengan nama zaman Gia Long (嘉隆) dan nama hormat Nguyễn Thế-Tổ (阮世祖). Baginda menumpukan kepada penguatan pertahanan negara baginda serta menggantikan sistem feudal sedia ada dengan suatu "''[[Doctrine of the MeanZhongyang|Doktrin Jalan Tengah]]''" yang didasarkan daripada [[Konfusianisme|ajaran Kong Zi]].<ref>{{harvnb|Kamm|1996|p=83}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Tarling|1999|pp=245–246}}</ref>
 
== Senarai maharaja yang memerintah ==
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"
!Potret
!Nama hormat
![[Nama selepas mati|Nama anumerta]]
!Nama peribadi
!Salasilah
!Tempoh memerintah
!Reign
!Nama pemerintah
!Regnal name
!Tempat pemakaman
!Tomb
!Peristiwa penting
!Events
|-
|[[Fail:GiaLong.jpg|alt=Portrait of Gia Long|136x136px]]
Baris 25 ⟶ 26:
|Khai Thiên Hoằng Đạo Lập Kỷ Thùy Thống Thần Văn Thánh Vũ Tuấn Đức Long Công Chí Nhân Đại Hiếu Cao Hoàng Đế
|Nguyễn Phúc Ánh
|Panglima perang puak Nguyễn
|Nguyễn lords
|1802–20
|[[Gia Long]]
|Thiên Thọ lăng
|Unified and namedMenyatukan Vietnam, foundedserta itsmenubuhkan lastdinasti dynastybaru
|-
|[[Fail:Minh_Mang.gif|alt=Portrait of Minh Mang|156x156px]]
Baris 35 ⟶ 36:
|Thể Thiên Xương Vận Chí Hiếu Thuần Đức Văn Vũ Minh Đoán Sáng Thuật Đại Thành Hậu Trạch Phong Công Nhân Hoàng Đế
|Nguyễn Phúc Đảm
|Putera
|Son
|1820–41
|[[Minh Mệnh]]
|Hiếu Lăng
|Mengilhak [[kerajaan Panduranga]], menghentikan amalan agama
|Annexed the remaining Panduranga kingdom, renamed Vietnam Đại Nam, suppressed religion
|-
|[[Fail:Gold_lang_Thieu_Tri_CdM.jpg|alt=Dynastic coin|100x100px]]
Baris 45 ⟶ 46:
|Thiệu Thiên Long Vận Chí Thiện Thuần Hiếu Khoan Minh Duệ Đoán Văn Trị Vũ Công Thánh Triết Chượng Chương Hoàng Đế
|Nguyễn Phúc Miên Tông
|Putera
|Son
|1841–47
|[[Thiệu Trị]]
|Xương Lăng
|-
Baris 54 ⟶ 55:
|Thể Thiên Hanh Vận Chí Thành Đạt Hiếu Thể Kiện Đôn Nhân Khiêm Cung Minh Lược Duệ Văn Anh Hoàng Đế
|Nguyễn Phúc Hồng Nhậm
|Putera
|Son
|1847–83
|[[Tự Đức]]
|Khiêm Lăng
|FacedMenghadapi Frenchketibaan invasionpihak andPerancis, cededmenyerahkab Cochinchina tokepada Francepihak tersebut
|-
|[[Fail:An_lang.jpg|alt=Dục Đức's tomb|100x100px]]
Baris 64 ⟶ 65:
|Huệ Hoàng Đế
|Nguyễn Phúc Ưng Chân
|NephewPutera (adoptedsaudara son(putera ofangkat Tự Đức)
|1883
|[[Dục Đức]]
|An Lăng
|Three-dayMemerintah emperordalam tempoh yang singkat (20–23 JulyJulai 1883)
|-
|–
|Văn Lãng Quận Vương
|Nguyễn Phúc Hồng Dật
|UncleMamanda (son ofputera Thiệu Trị)
|1883
|[[Hiệp Hòa]]
|
|Four-month emperor (30 July – 29 November 1883)▼
|
▲|Four-monthMemerintah emperordalam tempoh yang singkat (30 JulyJulai – 29 November 1883)
|-
|Giản Tông
|Thiệu Đức Chí Hiếu Uyên Duệ Nghị Hoàng Đế
|Nguyễn Phúc Ưng Đăng
|NephewPutera saudara (sonputera ofkakanda Hiệp Hòa's brother)
|1883–84
|[[Kiến Phúc]]
|Bồi Lăng
|
|Eight-month emperor (2 December 1883 – 31 July 1884)
|Memerintah dalam tempoh yang singkat (2 Disember 1883 – 31 Julai 1884)
|-
|[[Fail:Emperor_Ham_Nghi.jpg|141x141px|Portrait of Hàm Nghi]]
Baris 91 ⟶ 95:
|—
|Nguyễn Phúc Ưng Lịch
|Adinda
|Younger brother
|1884–85
|[[Hàm Nghi]]
|Tanah Perkuburan Thonac, Perancis
|Thonac Cemetery, France
|Digulingkan selepas setahun, meneruskan perjuangannya sehingga ditahan dan membuang diri ke [[Algeria]] tahun 1888
|Dethroned after one year, continuing his rebellion until was captured in 1888 and fled to [[Algeria]]
|-
|[[Fail:DongKhanh.jpg|163x163px|Portrait of Đồng Khánh]]
Baris 101 ⟶ 105:
|Hoằng Liệt Thống Thiết Mẫn Huệ Thuần Hoàng Đế
|Nguyễn Phúc Ưng Kỷ
|Kakanda
|Older brother
|1885–89
|[[Đồng Khánh]]
|Tư Lăng
|Menyokong dasar-dasar Perancis
|Pro-West
|-
|[[Fail:Emperor_Thanh_Thai.jpg|alt=Portrait of Thành Thái|156x156px]]
Baris 111 ⟶ 115:
|Hoài Trạch Công
|Nguyễn Phúc Bửu Lân
|CousinPupunda (son ofputera Dục Đức)
|1889–1907
|[[Thành Thái]]
|An Lăng
|-
Baris 120 ⟶ 124:
|—
|Nguyễn Phúc Vĩnh San
|Putera
|son
|1907–16
|[[Duy Tân]]
|An Lăng
|-
Baris 131 ⟶ 135:
|Cousin (son of Đồng Khánh)
|1916–25
|[[Khải Định]]
|Ứng Lăng
|Menjadi ketua boneka untuk pihak penjajah Perancis lalu sangat tidak disukai rakyat Vietnam, [[Phan Châu Trinh]] menuduh baginda hidup senang-lenang maskipun rakyat jelat dalam keadaan menderita.
|Collaborated with the French, and was a political figurehead for French colonial rulers. Unpopular with the Vietnamese people, nationalist leader Phan Châu Trinh accused him of selling Vietnam to the French and living in imperial luxury while the people were exploited.
|-
|[[Fail:Baodai.jpg|alt=Portrait of Bảo Đại|164x164px]]
Baris 141 ⟶ 145:
|Son
|1926–45
|[[Bảo Đại]]
|Cimetière de Passy, FrancePerancis
|CreatedMenubuhkan the Empire of[[Empayar Vietnam]] underdinaungi JapaneseJepun occupationsewaktu duringPerang WorldDunia War IIKedua; abdicatedmelepaskan andtakhtanya transferredserta powermenyerahkan tokuasa thememerintah kepada [[Viet Minh]] inpada 1945, ending the Vietnamese monarchy. Removed as head of state of the [[Negara Vietnam|State of Vietnam]], changingberubah itmenjadi to asebuah [[Vietnam Selatan|republicrepublik]] withpimpinan Presiden [[Ngo Dinh Diem]] as president. Unpopular,Baginda consideredtidak andisukai impotentkerana puppetdilihat ofsebagai theboneka Frenchlemah colonialpenjajah regimePerancis.
|}
 
Diambil daripada "https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinasti_Nguyễn"