Aglutinasi: Perbezaan antara semakan
Kandungan dihapus Kandungan ditambah
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Baris 1:
[[Image:Trilingv.jpg|thumb|Papan tanda di tengah ber[[bahasa Hungary]] yang banyak beraglutinasi. (Papan tanda di atas dan bawah masing-masing berbahasa [[bahasa Romania|Romania]] dan [[bahasa Jerman|Jerman]], kedua-duanya [[bahasa fleksi]].)]]
Baris 15 ⟶ 14:
===Bahasa Eropah===
Contoh bahasa Eropah aglutinatif adalah [[bahasa Finno-Ugrik]], seperti bahasa-bahasa [[bahasa Finland|Finland]], [[Bahasa Estonia|Estonia]] dan [[Bahasa Hungary|Hungary]] yang banyak menggunakan ungkapan yang banyak beraglutinasi dalam perbualan seharian. Maklumat tatabahasa yang diungkapkan oleh [[adposisi]] dalam [[bahasa Indo-Eropah]] Barat, biasanya ditemui dalam akhiran. Contoh: perkataan ''talossanikin'' dalam bahasa Finland bererti "di rumahku juga". Terbitan kata juga agak kompleks. Misalnya, ''epäjärjestelmällisyys'' berkata dasar ''järki'' "munasabah", iaitu terdiri daripada negatif-"[[munasabah]]"-[[kausatif]]-[[frekuentatif]]-[[penominal]]-[[adesif]]-"berkenaan"-"sifat", untuk memberikan erti "sifat tak teratur" atau "ketakteraturan."
==Nota==
{{reflist|group=note}}
== Rujukan ==
{{reflist}}
== Bibliografi ==
* Kimmo Koskenniemi & Lingsoft Oy: [http://www2.lingsoft.fi/cgi-bin/fintwol/index.html ''Finnish Morphological Analyser''], Lingsoft Language Solutions, 1995–2011.
* Bernard Comrie (editor): The World's Major Languages, Oxford University Press, New York – Oxford 1990.
* Keith Denning, Suzanne Kemmer (ed.): ''On language: selected writings of Joseph H. Greenberg'', Stanford University Press, 1990. Selected parts are available on [https://books.google.com/books?id=_B2BVl2JpT0C&pg=PA13&lpg=PA13&dq=greenberg+agglutinative+index&source=bl&ots=bfkZTt0ttn&sig=JVbXdquj5L_ZQHJiei4kqWHwKKw&hl=cs&ei=PU0iTeeFKJS38QP78bzHBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false googlebooks].
* Victoria Fromkin, Robert Rodman, Nina Hyams: ''An Introduction to Language'', Thompson Wadsworth, 2007.
* Joseph H. Greenberg: ''A quantitative approach to the morphological typology of language'', 1960. Available through [https://www.jstor.org/pss/1264155 JSTOR] and in Denning et al. (1990), p. 3–25. There is also a good [http://balshanut.wordpress.com/2009/01/10/greenberg-j-h-%E2%80%9Ca-quantitative-approach-to-the-morphological-typology-of-language%E2%80%9D-international-journal-of-american-linguistics-26-1960-178-94/ a short summary].
* [[Gregory Grefenstette]], Nasredine Semmar, Faïza Elkateb-Gara: ''Modifying a Natural Language Processing System for European Languages to Treat Arabic in Information Processing and Information Retrieval Applications'', Computational Approaches to Semitic Languages – Workshop Proceedings, University of Michigan 2005, p. 31-38. Available at [https://web.archive.org/web/20110527031229/http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/W/W05/W05-0705.pdf].
* Jan Hajič: ''Reliving the history: the beginnings of statistical machine translation and languages with rich morphology'', IceTAL'10 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Advances in natural language processing, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, 2010. Abstract available at [http://www.springerlink.com/content/x203321106v20115/fulltext.pdf].
* Helena Lehečková: Úvod do ugrofinistiky, Státní pedagogické nakladatelství, Praha 1983.
* Robert Lord: Teach Yourself Comparative Linguistics, The English Universities Press Ltd., St Paul's House, London 1967 (first edition 1966).
* Hans Christian Luschützky: ''Uvedení do typologie jazyků'', Filozofická fakulta Univerzity Karlovy, Praha 2003.
* J. Vendryes: Language – A Linguistic Introduction to History, Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner Co., Ltd., London 1925 (translated by Paul Radin)
==Pautan luar==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110504212426/http://mwanasimba.online.fr/ Mwana Simba], a web-page about Swahili grammar.
[[Kategori:Morfologi linguistik]]
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