IBM: Perbezaan antara semakan
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'''International Business Machines Corporation''' (dikenali sebagai '''IBM''' atau '''"Big Blue"'''; {{nyse|IBM}}) merupakan sebuah [[perbadanan]] [[perbadanan multinasional|multinasional]] [[komputer]] [[teknologi]] dan [[perundingan]] yang beribu pejabat di [[Armonk, New York]], [[Amerika Syarikat|USA]].
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{{IT giants}}▼
== Rujukan ==
{{reflist}}
== Bacaan lanjut ==
* {{cite book | author = Roy A Bauer | year = 1992 | title = The Silverlake Project: Transformation at IBM (AS/400) | publisher = [[Oxford University Press]] |display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite book | author = [[Edwin Black]] | year = 2001 | title = [[IBM and the Holocaust]]: The Strategic Alliance Between Nazi Germany and America's Most Powerful Corporation | isbn = 0-914153-10-2 }}
* {{cite book | author = Paul Carroll | year = 1993 | title = Big Blues: The Unmaking of IBM | publisher = Crown Publishers }}
* {{cite book | author = Doug Garr | year = 1999 | title = IBM Redux: Lou Gerstner & The Business Turnaround of the Decade | publisher = Harper Business }}
* {{cite book | author = [[Louis V. Gerstner, Jr.]] | year = 2002 | title = Who Says Elephants can't Dance? | publisher = HarperCollins | isbn = 0-00-715448-8 }}
*Greulich, Peter E. (2014) ''A View from Beneath the Dancing Elephant: Rediscovering IBM's Corporate Constitution'' MBI Concepts Corporation. {{ISBN|0-9833734-6-9}}.
* {{cite book | author = John Harwood | year = 2011 | title = The Interface: IBM and the Transformation of Corporate Design, 1945–1976 | isbn = 978-0-8166-7039-0 }}
* {{cite book | author = Robert Heller | year = 1994 | title = The Fate of IBM | publisher = Little Brown }}
* {{cite book | author = David Mercer | year = 1987 | title = IBM: How the World's Most Successful Corporation is Managed | publisher = Kogan Page }}
* {{cite book | author = David Mercer | year = 1988 | title = The Global IBM: Leadership in Multinational Management | publisher = Dodd, Mead |page=374}}
*Mills, D. Quinn; Friesen, G. Bruce (1996). ''Broken Promises: An Unconventional View of What Went Wrong at IBM''. Harvard Business School. {{ISBN|0-87584-654-8}}.
* {{cite book | author = Emerson W. Pugh | year = 1996 | title = Building IBM: Shaping an Industry | publisher = [[MIT Press]] }}
* {{cite book | author = Robert Slater | year = 1999 | title = Saving Big Blue: IBM's Lou Gerstner | publisher = McGraw Hill }}
* {{cite book | author = [[Ulrich Steinhilper]] | year = 2006 | title = Don't Talk – Do It! From Flying To Word Processing | isbn = 1-872836-75-5 }}
* {{cite book | author = Ernest von Simson | year=2009 |title = The Limits of Strategy: Lessons in Leadership from the Computer Industry |publisher= iUniverse |isbn= 978-1-4401-9258-6 }}
* {{cite book | author = [[Thomas Watson, Jr.]] | year = 1990 | title = Father, Son & Co: My Life at IBM and Beyond | isbn = 0-553-29023-1 }}
== Pautan luar ==
{{Sister project links}}
* {{Official website|https://www.ibm.com/us-en/}}
** {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961022175210/http://www.ibm.com |date=October 22, 1996 |title=IBM website }}
{{finance links
| name = IBM Corp.
| symbol = IBM
| sec_cik = 786000
| yahoo = IBM
| google = IBM
}}
* {{cite news | author = Samme Chittum | title = In an I.B.M. Village, Pollution Fears Taint Relations With Neighbors | url = https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C00E4DF1631F936A25750C0A9629C8B63 | publisher = New York Times | date=2004-03-15}}
{{Finance links
| name = IBM
| symbol = IBM
| sec_cik = IBM
| yahoo = IBM
| google = IBM
}}
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[[Kategori:Syarikat Amerika Syarikat]]
[[Kategori:Syarikat elektronik]]
[[Kategori:IBM| ]]
[[Kategori:Syarikat komputer Amerika Syarikat]]
[[Kategori:Syarikat yang ditubuhkan pada 1911]]
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