Ibun abadi: Perbezaan antara semakan
Kandungan dihapus Kandungan ditambah
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{{Hatnote|"Permafros" dilencongkan di sini.}}
[[Fail:Circum-Arctic Map of Permafrost and Ground Ice Conditions.png|thumb|Peta menunjukkan tahap dan jenis ibun abadi di Hemisfera Utara]]
Dalam [[geologi]], '''
</ref> dan wujud di 24% tanah terdedah di Hemisfera Utara.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-21549643|title=Siberian permafrost thaw warning sparked by cave data|last=|first=|date=22 Februari 2013|newspaper=|access-date=23 Februari 2013|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6EebP9y69|archive-date=23 Februari 2013|dead-url=|work=[[BBC News]]|via=}}Lebih daripada satu <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|work=</code> dan <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|newspaper=</code> dinyatakan ([[Bantuan:Ralat CS1#redundant parameters|bantuan]])
</ref> Ia juga terdapat bawah laut di pentas-pentas benua sekitar [[Lautan Artik]], sebahagiannya telah didedahkan pada akhir zaman ais,<ref name="IPA">{{Cite web|url=http://ipa.arcticportal.org/resources/what-is-permafrost|title=What is Permafrost?|last=Penyunting-penyunting|first=|date=2014|website=|publisher=International Permafrost Association|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20111211215133/http://ipa.arcticportal.org:80/resources/what-is-permafrost|archive-date=11 Disember 2014|dead-url=yes|access-date=2014-11-08}}</ref> dengan implikasi cuaca sejagat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/melting-permafrost-could-affect-weather-worldwide/|title=Melting Permafrost Could Affect Weather Worldwide; It’s not just releasing greenhouse gases—it may also alter the ocean’s chemistry and circulation patterns|last=Margaret Kriz Hobson|first=|date=1 Disember 2016|website=scientificamerican.com|publisher=[[Scientific American]]|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2 Disember 2016}}</ref>
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