Élie Metchnikoff: Perbezaan antara semakan

▲'''Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov''' (juga ditulis sebagai '''Élie Metchnikoff'''; 15 Mei 1845 - 15 Julai 1916)<ref name="Nobel">{{Cite web}}</ref> {{Refn|Some sources give Metchnikoff's new-style birth date as 16 May, but this is believed by the Nobel Prize Committee to be an error started by Metchnikoff himself in converting a nineteenth century date from old-style to new-style.<ref name="Nobel"/>}} ialah seorang<ref>{{Britannica|378080}}</ref> [[zoologi]] Rusia terkenal dengan penyelidikan perintis dalam [[imunologi]].<ref name="dateofbirth">{{Cite book|title="Commentary," in I.I. Mechnikov, Academic Collection of Works, vol. 16|last=Belkin|first=R.I.|date=1964|publisher=Meditsina|location=Moscow|pages=434}} Belkin, a Russian science historian, explains why Metchnikoff himself, in his Nobel autobiography – and subsequently, many other sources – mistakenly cited his date of birth as May 16 instead of May 15. Metchnikoff made the mistake of adding 13 days to May 3, his Old-Style birthday, as was the convention in the 20th century. But since he had been born in the 19th century, only 12 days should have been added.</ref><ref name="dateofdeath">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S_M_jgEACAAJ&dq|title=Immunity: How Elie Metchnikoff Changed the Course of Modern Medicine|last=Vikhanski|first=Luba|date=2016|publisher=Chicago Review Press|isbn=978-1613731109|page=278|quote=The author cites Metchnikoff's death certificate, according to which he died on July 15, 1916 (the original is in the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Metchnikoff Fund, 584-2-208). Olga Metchnikoff did not provide a precise date for her husband's death in her book, and many sources erroneously cite it as July 16.}}</ref><ref name="nobelbio">{{Cite web}}</ref>

▲Khususnya, beliau dikreditkan dengan penemuan fagosit ([[makrofaj]]) pada tahun 1882. Penemuan ini ternyata menjadi mekanisme pertahanan utama dalam kekebalan semula jadi.<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web}}</ref> Beliau dan Paul Ehrlich dianugerahkan [[Hadiah Nobel dalam Fisiologi atau Perubatan]] pada tahun 1908 sebagai pengiktirafan terhadap kerja mereka terhadap imuniti.<ref name="nobel">{{Cite web}}</ref> Beliau uga dikreditkan oleh beberapa sumber dengan memperkenalkan istilah gerontologi pada tahun 1903, untuk kajian yang semakin meningkat mengenai penuaan dan umur panjang.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Vértes|first=L|year=1985|title=The gerontologist Mechnikov|journal=Orvosi hetilap|volume=126|issue=30|pages=1859–1860|pmid=3895124}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Martin|first=D. J.|last2=Gillen|first2=L. L.|year=2013|title=Revisiting Gerontology's Scrapbook: From Metchnikoff to the Spectrum Model of Aging|journal=The Gerontologist|volume=54|issue=1|pages=51–58|doi=10.1093/geront/gnt073|pmid=23893558}}</ref> Beliau menubuhkan konsep imuniti sel-mediasi, manakala Ehrlich menubuhkan konsep kekebalan humoral. Kerja-kerja mereka dianggap sebagai asas sains [[imunologi]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kaufmann|first=Stefan H E|year=2008|title=Immunology's foundation: the 100-year anniversary of the Nobel Prize to Paul Ehrlich and Elie Metchnikoff|journal=Nature Immunology|volume=9|issue=7|pages=705–712|doi=10.1038/ni0708-705|pmid=18563076}}</ref> Dalam imunologi, beliau diberikan efitet sebagai "bapa imuniti semula jadi".<ref name="gordon">{{Cite journal|last=Gordon|first=Siamon|year=2008|title=Elie Metchnikoff: Father of natural immunity|journal=European Journal of Immunology|volume=38|issue=12|pages=3257–3264|doi=10.1002/eji.200838855|pmid=19039772}}</ref>