Ketiadanegaraan: Perbezaan antara semakan

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Asas rencana hasil pengembalian dan penyejagatan kandungan bahasa Melayu Indonesia
 
Tiada ringkasan suntingan
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Terdapat dua jenis yang terangkum dalam keadaan sebegini:
* '''Ketiadanegaraan secara [[de jure]] (''de jure statelessness'')''' terkadang merujuk kepada orang yang "tidak dianggap sebagai seorang warganegara oleh suatu negara di bawah pelaksanaan undang-undang tersebut".<ref>{{cite web|title=Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons, article 1(1)|publisher=[[Pesuruhjaya Tinggi Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu untuk Pelarian|UNHCR]]|url=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/415c3cfb4.html}}</ref>
* Orang yang '''tak bernegaraKetiadanegaraan secara [[de facto]] (''de facto statelessness'')''' adalah orang yang berada di luar negara dari kewarganegaraannya tidak jelas atau untuk alasan-alasan valid, tidak mendapatkan perlindungan dari negara tersebut.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Concept of Stateless Persons under International Law|url=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4ca1ae002.html|publisher=UNHCR}}</ref> Orang yang tak bernegara secara de facto dapat mengakibatkan penganiayaan atau berakibat pada retaknya [[hubungan diplomatik]] antara negara asalnya dan negara yang ditinggalkannya.
 
Beberapa orang yang tak bernegara secara ''de jure'' juga merupakan [[pelarian]], meskipun tidak semua pencari [[suaka]] tidak bernegara secara ''de jure'' dan tidak semua orang yang tak bernegara secara ''de jure'' boleh dianggap sebagai pelarian; malah, ada juga orang yang dianggap tidak bernegara tidak pernah melintasi sempadan antarabangsa.<ref>{{Cite book|title = Human Rights and Citizenship: The Need for Better Data and What to Do about It|last = Hovy|first = Bela|publisher = MIT Press|year = 2011|isbn = 9780262015271|location = Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=KhejoCZ7alEC&pg=PA90|work = Children Without a State: A Global Human Rights Challenge|accessdate = 11 AgustysOgos 2014|editor-last = Bhabha|editor-first = Jacqueline|editor-link = Jacqueline Bhabha|page = 90|quote = People who reside in their country of birth, have never crossed a border, but have never had their birth registered by the state—the effectively stateless, in Jacqueline Bhabha's terminology—also resemble refugees in their relative rightlessness.}}</ref>
 
== Rujukan ==
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== Pranala luar ==
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* HukumUndang0-undang internasionalantarabangsa: perjanjian dan hukumkes kasuscontoh dibincangkan
** [http://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/conventions/6_1_1961.pdf Full Convention text of 1961 Convention]
** [http://www.unhcr.org/protect/PROTECTION/41b4790b4.pdf Map showing State Parties to 1961 Convention]
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** [http://www.unhcr.org/statelessness UNHCR page on prevention and reduction of statelessness and protection of stateless persons – background information, tools and news] From [[UNHCR]] website
** [http://www.unhcr.org/publ/PUBL/4538c8074.pdf UNHCR Map (21 August 2006) Stateless Persons and Populations at Risk of Statelessness] (PDF)
* Sumber diberikan NGO berkaitan
* International NGOs
** [http://www.soros.org/initiatives/justice/focus/statelessness Statelessness] on the website of the [http://www.soros.org/ Open Society Foundations]
** [http://www.refugeesinternational.org/who-we-are/our-issues/statelessness Statelessness] on the website of [[Refugees International]]
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** [http://www.institutesi.org/ Website of the Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion]
** [http://www.statelessness.eu/about-us Website of the European Network on Statelessness]
* Institusi Akademikakademik
** [http://www.tilburguniversity.edu/statelessness Website of the Statelessness Programme, an initiative of Tilburg Law School (Netherlands) dedicated to research, training and outreach on statelessness and related issues]
* Negara-negara spesifikkhusus
** [http://www.ind.homeoffice.gov.uk/ind/en/home/applying/british_nationality/advice_about_nationality/bn5_-_provisions_for.html British nationality – provisions for reducing statelessness]
** [http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f8898.pdf United States IRS Form 8898] (Renouncing citizenship).
** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ed_6nXLJfk/ Man without a nation] -documentary film]filem dokumentari mengenai topik ini
* Documentary Film on Stateless person
** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ed_6nXLJfk/ Man without a nation-documentary film]
 
[[Kategori:Kewarganegaraan]]